Human Systems

Unit 2

Language Learning Goal

Define:

• Joint

• Bone

• Skeleton

Content Learning Goal

• Students will learn what makes our bodies stand up and move by learning about our bones, joints and muscles. You will know at least two examples of each.

Your Bones

• What keeps our bodies from falling over? Skeletons

• Skeletons have 206 bones!

• Bones are organs made up of tissues

• Bones are hard on the outside and soft on the inside

Bones Continued

• Bones are all connected to each other. They are joined together by tissues called ligaments.

• Another tissue-cartilage-is between bones.

• Cartilage protects bones from rubbing against each other.

Bones Continued

• Bones are all different shapes. Some are flat bones that curve around your heart and lungs to protect them.

• Some bones are long bones – these are on your arms and legs to let you move around.

Your Joints

• Look at your hand and bend your fingers. Each finger has several bones. Fingers bend because of the parts on the ends of each bone…these parts are called joints.

Joints Continued

• There are different kinds of joints. One is a hinge joint. We have hinge joints in our knees.

• There are also ball-and-socket joints. These can go in any direction, like a shoulder.

• What kind of joint is a wrist? Elbow? Hip? Ankle? Finger?

Muscles!

• Blink. Swallow. Stand. Step. All these take muscles. Muscles are organs that make our bodies move in certain ways. There are:

1. skeletal muscles to MOVE

2. smooth muscles inside us

3. And the heart (organ).

• What kind of muscles are the stomach, hamstring and bicep?

How your Muscles Work

Skeletal muscles• Put your elbow on the desk and move

your forearm up and down. How many

muscles do you use? • TWO. One up and one down. Every body part you

can move has two muscles. Each muscle can only go one direction.

• A muscle pulls a bone and contracts or gets shorter.• It relaxes and gets longer when another muscle pulls

the bone.

Muscles Continued

Biceps and triceps

• Put your hand on the middle of your upper arm. Bend your arm. The lump you feel is your bicep. It contracts and pulls your forearm up.

• Now lower your arm and feel it relax. That means your tricep is contracting and pulling your forearm down.

• Go over Questions #1-2 on Page 109.

Review

• Answer Questions #1-7 in the Review on Page 110.

ACTIVITY

• Go over the Skeleton Hand-Out and then fill in the blanks on the worksheet.