john krienke [email protected] 1. spell check? separated at birth? john krenicki, ge e john krienke,...
TRANSCRIPT
Spell Check? Separated at birth?
John Krenicki, GE E
John Krienke, Gee …
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45 minute
Internet2 : From One Goal to Many Networks Science Health Science Teaching and Learning Arts and Humanities Multicast Trust and Identity
The Participatory Me
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Apollo 13: Make it up together
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Central ---> Distributed
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The NSFNet Backbone Network 1986-1988
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October 1 1996, 1998 Live backbone network 34 Universities Commit to Internet2
Project
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No meter running, unlimited bandwidth
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An Asset for the Community
Universities
Researchers
Regional Networks
K-12
Industry
International
An Asset for the Community
Universities
Researchers
Regional Networks
K-12
Industry
International
Internet2 Adjacency
Quote: “It could be said that Internet2 was
founded for the purpose of creating a network for collaboration among institutions.”
1.Convene the Community2.Successes of the Members
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Wealth of Nations Unconventional views reveal new links Adjancies in infrastructure and platform New applications of current technologies
(Abstract Physicists meet Economic Realists)
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Internet2 Universities209 University Members
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http://members.internet2.edu/university/universities.cfm
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Central ---> Distributed
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What’s Coming. Members@work Science Health Sciences Arts & Humanities Teaching and Learning Multicast Middleware: Trust and the Identity
Layer
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SCIENCE:
Old: Science in the ‘20s and ’30s: The Lab as Empire
Niels Bohr (atomic structure, quantum mechanics)
Arthur Compton (x-ray scattering) Ernest Rutherford (atomic structure) New: Fundamentals have
changed Questions are harder Equipment more expensive Same mix: Cooperation and
Competition
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Large Science Facility People
3000 CERN employees 6500 visiting scientists from 500 Universities in 80 countries
Physical Size 27 Km circumference 9300 magnets 7 Tev nominal proton energy 600 million collisions per second
Experimental Facilities ALICE (A Large Ion Collider Experiment)– Study quark-gluon
plasma ATLAS (A Toroidal LHC ApparatuS) – Search for Higgs boson CMS (Compact Muon Solenoid) – Search for Higgs boson LHCb (LHC-beauty) – Study the CP violation phenomenon Totem Total Cross Section, Elastic Scattering and Diffraction
Dissociation)– Measure the effective size of a proton LHCf (LHC-forward) – Study astroparticle physics
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European Organization for Nuclear Research
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Large Hadron Collider
Circumference of 26.659 kilometres (16.5 miles)
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ATLAS21
ATLAS Tier’ed Hierarchy
ATLAS Computing Model OverviewATLAS Computing Model OverviewShawn McKeeShawn McKee 22
Tier 1Tier 1
Tier2Tier2
Online SystemOnline SystemOffline Farm,Offline Farm,
CERN Computer Ctr CERN Computer Ctr ~25 TIPS~25 TIPS
BNLBNLFranceFrance ItalyItalyUKUK
InstituteInstituteInstituteInstituteInstituteInstituteInstitute Institute ~0.25TIPS~0.25TIPS
WorkstationsWorkstations
~~2200-00-151500 00 MBytes/secMBytes/sec
100 - 100 - 10000 10000
Mbits/secMbits/sec
Physicists work on analysis Physicists work on analysis “channels”“channels”
Each institute has ~10 Each institute has ~10 physicists working on one or physicists working on one or
more channelsmore channels
~PByte/sec~PByte/sec
1010-40-40 Gbits/sec Gbits/sec
Tier2Tier2Tier2 Tier2 NE Tier2NE Tier2
~1-~1-1010+ Gbps+ Gbps
Tier 0 +1Tier 0 +1
Tier 3Tier 3
Tier 4Tier 4
AGLTier2AGLTier2Tier 2Tier 2
CERN/Outside Resource Ratio CERN/Outside Resource Ratio ~1:4~1:4
Tier0/(Tier0/( Tier1)/( Tier1)/( Tier2) Tier2) ~1:2:2~1:2:2
ATLAS version from Harvey Newman’s originalATLAS version from Harvey Newman’s original
Physics data Physics data cachecache
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VLBI
Astronomers collect data about a star from earth based antennae.
End goal is to send data at 1Gb/s from over 20 antennae located around the globe.
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Types of network usage:•Long time duration data streaming•Distributed data storage, real-time dynamic retrieval, and distributed processing
NEES – Earthquake Research Remote control of
computer simulations Video is crucial for
conferencing and as scientific data
Types of network usage: Remote control of
resources Bulk data transfer and
distributed data storage Video as data
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Grid ComputingSeti @ Home
UC Berkeley experiment in the late ‘90s:
over 5.2 million participants worldwide SETI@home computes over 424
TeraFLOPS. Blue Gene (currently the world's
fastest supercomputer) has a sustained rate of 478 TFLOPS.
25http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SETI@home
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Grid Computing The Extensible Terascale Facility, or
TeraGrid, is the world's largest, most comprehensive, distributed infrastructure for open scientific research and is being used by researchers from diverse scientific and engineering fields.
The TeraGrid facility is an integrated portfolio of over 20 high-performance computational (HPC) systems, several specialized visualization resources and storage archives, and a dedicated interconnection network.
Computing, storage, and visualization services
4,000 users at the close of 2006 http://www.teragrid.org/about/
docs/TG-Annual-2007-Pub.pdf Infectious disease models, re-
creating the big bang, tornado prediction, …
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Remote Instrumentation
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Gemini Observatory Mauna Kea, HawaiiAt 14,000 ft.
Mystic AquariumUniversity of ConnecticutVBrick SystemsMonterey BayUniversity of California, Santa Cruz
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EACH BRAIN REPRESENTS
A LOTOF DATA
Comparisons must be made across several image sets
Slide courtesy of Arthur Toga (UCLA)
Health Sciences and Medicine Haptics: Transcontinental
stereoscopic robotic surgical intervention
3D Digital anatomy FCC: Rural TeleHealth
Pilot
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Teaching and Learning:Master Classes
Active involvement… Columbia University Manhattan School of Music Cleveland Institute of Music New World Symphony Curtis Institute of Music University of Michigan Eastman School of Music University of Oklahoma Florida State University Wayne State University Indiana University And many others……
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Michael Tilson Thomas
Pinchas Zukerman
Megaconference: H.323 Videoconferencing
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Miró Quartet via High Definition Television (HDTV) and 10.2 channel immersive sound
Dr. Robert Ballard’s live return to the Titanic from satellite to MPEG-2 and MPEG-4
Shoah Foundation Institute: 180 Terabytes of Holocaust testimonies accessed by university partners
Philadelphia Orchestra’s new Global Concert Series over Internet2 networks to an international theater audience
Arts & Humanities
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Advanced Video Initiatives
HD H.323 HD MPEG2/4 DVTS/HD DVTS Ultragrid iHDTV 4K
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HD H.323
High Definition (720p) video Low bandwidth (1 – 5 Mbps) Acceptable latency for collaboration (~300 ms) Heavily compressed video, heavily to moderately compressed audio
Polycom: http://www.polycom.com/ Lifesize: http://www.lifesize.com/ Tandberg: http://www.tandberg.com/ Ben Fineman, Laurie Kirchmeier
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HD MPEG2/4
High Definition (720p or 1080i/p) video Low to moderate bandwidth (1 – 90 Mbps) Acceptable latency for collaboration in some cases (150-5000 ms) Heavily to moderately compressed video, heavily to moderately compressed audio
Tandberg TV: http://www.tandbergtv.com/ Grass Valley: http://www.thomsongrassvalley.com/
Ben Fineman, Laurie Kirchmeier
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DVTS
http://apps.internet2.edu/dvts.html Standard definition video Moderate bandwidth (30 Mbps) Good latency for collaboration (150-200 ms) Lightly compressed video (DV25)lightly compressed audio
Ben Fineman, Laurie Kirchmeier
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HD DVTS
http://apps.internet2.edu/dvts.html High definition (720p) video Moderate bandwidth (25 Mbps) High latency (3000 ms) Moderately compressed video (MPEG2)lightly compressed audio
Ben Fineman, Laurie Kirchmeier
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Ultragrid
http://ultragrid.east.isi.edu/High definition (720p/1080i) video High bandwidth (<1 Gbps) Acceptable latency for collaboration Lightly compressed videolightly compressed audio
Ben Fineman, Laurie Kirchmeier
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iHDTV
http://www.researchchannel.org/tech/ihdtv.asp High definition (1080i) video High bandwidth (1.5 Gbps) Very low latency (~80ms) Uncompressed video Uncompressed audio
Ben Fineman, Laurie Kirchmeier
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4k
Cal IT 2: http://www.calit2.net/ Very high definition video (4096 × 2160) High bandwidth (8 Gbps) Very low latency Uncompressed video Uncompressed audio
Soprano Anna Caterina Antonacci performs at the Holland Festival, seen in super-high-resolution 4K video on the large screen in the Calit2 Auditorium at UC San Diego.
Ben Fineman, Laurie Kirchmeier
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Integrated Systems Model
& Adjacencies
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Unicast vs. Multicast
MulticastUnicast
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What capabilities does IP Multicast provide ?
Cost-efficient distribution of data Timely distribution of data Robust distribution of data Multicast was
designed to handle sudden large increases in load.
“Data” here could be Files Streamed Audio or Video
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Case Study: 9/11/2001Internet News “Melt-down”:
Web Site Performance 9:00 AM to 10:00 AM
Site % Users able to access
ABCNews.com 0 % CNN.com 0 % NYTimes.com 0 % USAToday.com 18 % MSNBC.com 22 %
(source: Keynote’s Business Performance / Interactive Week 9/17/2001)
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Crowds viewing the 9/11 multicasts at Networld+Interop
Eyewitness AccountsWe had a large plasma screen in the iLabs [at Networld+Interop] intended to demonstrate high rate HDTV over I2. We came in Tuesday morning and were preparing for the first day of the show when word came in about the initial plane crash into the towers. Our I2 Lead, Roy Hockett was able to switch the stream to a CNN broadcast from UMich. We began attracting exhibitors to the display even before the showfloor opened. Once the attendees were on the floor, the crowd had grown to well over a hundred.
By this point, three things had happened. The crowds around the one display had grown so large as to constitute a fire hazard, all the major news web sites had completely melted down, and CNN was being multicast from several sources. We then started loading multicast tools on every PC in the NOC, from the one driving the large video wall to people's individual laptops. By 10:30 (about half an hour after the floor opened) we had at least 3 large displays as well as a number of normal monitors turned out towards the plexiglass walls.
Soon after, we had a good number of exhibitors come and ask how to get "the CNN viewer software.”
— Jim Martin, Nortel
More than 1,000 copies of StreamPlayerII, our multicast MPEG viewer, were downloaded or handed out on disk between 9/11 and 9/12. We normally average 20 to 100 per day.
— Rich Mavrogeanes , VBrick
Video: CollaborationAccess Grid: www.accessgrid.org: "The Access Grid® is an
ensemble of resources...used to support group-to-group interactions across the Grid.“ A multicast application.
47Courtesy Argonne National Labs
InCommon.orgFederated Identity and Access
Higher education’s Staff, students, and faculty are no longer located exclusively
on campus Research and missions are increasingly complex, globally
interdependent, and on line Security and protection of personal identity information is
paramount and increasingly regulated (FERPA, HIPAA, Gramm-Leach-Bliley, SOX, etc.)
Business processes and applications are increasingly outsourced and/or distributed Digital collections and data Course materials and management Financial management Remote instrumentation Computational resources such as Grids Music, Software Travel resources Government resources
Trust
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Circle University
Anonymous ID#
Dr. Joe Oval
Psych Prof.
SSN 456.78.910
Circle University
Dr. Joe Oval
Psych Prof.
SSN 456.78.910
Circle University
Dr. Joe Oval
Psych Prof.
SSN 456.78.910
!
1. Single Sign On
2. Services no longer manage user accounts & personal data stores
3. Reduced Help Desk load
4. Standards-based Technology
5. Home Org controls privacy
Online Collaboration: Federated Identity and Access Management
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A facilitator: Email groups, Teleconferencing numbers, Wiki spaces
DNS, XML, SAML (Transactional Technologies)
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Provocateur
For strategic effect
Marcel Duchamp 1919
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Critical Filter
“What information consumes is rather obvious: it consumes the attention of its recipients. Hence a wealth of information creates a poverty of attention, and a need to allocate that attention efficiently among the overabundance of information sources that might consume it.”
–Herbert Alexander Simon, economist, Nobel laureate (1916-2001)
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The Big Shift
The Participatory Me Creating Sharing Expressing Modifying Connecting Giving and Getting feedback
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A platform for Content Alteration Hulu to Alternate proportions
What can I, the public, add? Using SMIL or mashups, can I add: Audio tracks, captions, language dub translations, thought bubbles, video inserts, green screen in my own local backdrops (The Bionic Woman is in my room!), paint mustaches, make it funnier, sadder, stranger, share and get ratings for my version of the show (reputation systems, build my personal brand).
It’s all about adding my image: Elfyourself.com, photo-insert eCards What can I subtract?
Editing based on Parental guidance, Religious affiliation What can I change?
Can I change the ending or re-arrange the story to make it even better? Can I click on embedded products and get more info? I love that shirt! I
want those shoes! Is her hair colored? Can I click on that pizza and get the nearest pizza shop to deliver one? I love this background music – I want it!
Can I click on characters I don’t like or scenes that are too slow and vote them out? Or confusing parts I need repeated?
Guilds, unions, intense legal obligations and old frameworks
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Participatory Me (green is a link)
Education: From Dissemination by a Master to Active Participant in a Learning Community: Educause & John Seely Brown
Computer Game Industry & MMOGs: Entertainment that always changes, that I participate in creating.
Alternate Reality Games: Simulate the future; Find people like me; change my life: World Without Oil massive collaborative simulation
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Participatory Me (green is a link)
Wikimedia Commons: Source Material Copyleft and Creative Commons
licensing: Built to share and share alike. News.Google.Com: My own customizable
news aggregator: Add local keywords as I like.
BookMooch: Trade your old books, get points
Lulu: Create your own books Predictify: Build reputation, earn $
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This American Life (Radio)“News” by participation Stories by the people Filtered by a Trusted Source (Ira
Glass) American Idol for the introspective “Local” trusted news partner
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Participatory Me: Local News
Could the public create news stories? Submit them to NBC Local Which NBC pays for (in reputation
points and dollars if aired) NBC remains the viewers’ Trusted
filter in my busy life
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Adjacencies: Music is a … sound Recording Industry: Music distributor Telephone: Makes a Ringing Sound Bingo! $5 billion worldwide market for
“Ring” Distributors $1.00 per 3 minute song, own it forever $3.00 per 30 second ringtone, own it for 90
days Enjoy Music vs. “Display” a Ring Sound as Accessory. Brilliant! Staggering…Source: nytimes: http://pogue.blogs.nytimes.com/2007/09/13/a-baffling-new-phenomenon-
customized-ringtones/
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Content distribution
Over IP instead of Satellite and Tape Pre-production to post-production Film Studio to Movie Theater Affiliate to viewer
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Long Tails: Profit & Power in the tail Consumer Wealth: Businesses target
the 4 billion in the under class (C.K. Prahalad)
NBC: Power of 10 O&O stations. Leverage the power of 230 Affiliates? Two-way distribution model of content delivery and creation?
Tremendous catalog of historical broadcasts
Long Tail : Picture by Hay Kranen / PD61
Usability Guru and Ads
Jakob Nielsen and user eye tracking studies
Why Advertising Doesn't Work on the Web
Banner Ad Blindness Plain text, Faces, Cleavage
Most Hated Advertising Techniques
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What have you got to lose?
More than any other time in history, mankind faces a crossroads. One path leads to despair and utter hopelessness. The other, to total extinction. Let us pray we have the wisdom to choose correctly.
-Woody Allen
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