john e. dolce transit fleet specialist wendel duchscherer architects & engineering buffalo n.y
TRANSCRIPT
BusCon Sept. 10,2012
John E. DolceTransit Fleet SpecialistWendel Duchscherer
Architects & EngineeringBuffalo N.Y
University of Wisconsin @ Milwaukee• This Session is Part of a Transit Online
Course Program @ The University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee
• Transit & Bus Corporate Fleet Management• Transit & Bus Shop Fleet Management• Transit & Bus Fleet Green Garages• Transit & Bus Fleet Case Studies
• Contact… Ken Woodall, Director, Continuing Education….414-227-3332
Choices
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Circumstances
Consequences
Control
JOHN E. DOLCE EXPERIENCE
• 10 Years Transit Bus Fleet & Facility Mgmt Experience
• 10 Years Public Fleet, With Facility & Transit Bus Exp
• 10 Years Utility Fleet & Facility Mgmt Experience
• 10 Years Private Fleet & Facility Mgmt Experience
We Are A Prisoner of Our Own Experience!
Architects and Engineers provide savvy & experience in Facility Design & Construction
Management
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Fleet Manager
• The Transit & Bus Fleet Manager Is The Smartest Person To Design The Proposed Garage And Monitor The Construction Process !
• There Are Many Professional People To Support The Transit & Bus Fleet Manager In This Process.
• The Transit & Bus Fleet Manager “MUST” Take The Lead & Direct This Process.
Safety
• Reduce – Facility accidents– Vehicular accidents– Workplace accidents– Workers’ Compensation claims
• Increase– Higher sense of safety awareness
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Safety
• Review accident logs and incidents
• Identify trends for corrective action
• Calculate Frequency Rate
• Calculate Severity Rate
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Energy Audit
• Why conduct an audit?• Audit what you have now– Reduce your energy draw– Maximize mechanical efficiencies– Reduce Accidents & Incidents– Increase productivity– ROI
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Benefits of an Energy Audit
• Reduce carbon emissions by reducing electrical draw
• Reduction in electrical draw reduces utility generation and ultimately reduces fossil fuel and gas usage
• End User gets the $ credit
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Reduce Your Energy Draw
• Simple changes– Replace incandescent lighting with energy-
saving compact fluorescents– Supplement electricity source with solar or
wind technology– Planned facility and vehicle fuel reductions– Include & Incorporate Alternative Fuels
Infrastructure.
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Reduce Your Energy Draw
• Simple changes– Rehab facilities with cost saving technologies– Build a new facility with cost saving
technologies– Hybrid electric buses
• Reduce carbon dioxide output• Reduce fuel usage• Alternative Fuel Friendly
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Equipment Life Cycle Impacts Energy Requirements
• All equipment has a life cycle– # years and/or # hours of operation
• As equipment wears out, plan to replace it with more energy efficient equipment
• Results are savings on utilities, fuels, and a reduction of carbon dioxide emissions
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Estimated Life CyclesShop Equipment Years Hours
Hydraulic Lifts 20 41,000
Wheel Alignment 20 1,600
CNG Fueling Equipment
10 20,800
Spray Paint Booths 15 31,200
Forklift/Stacker 10 20,800
Bus Washer 15 31,200
Drill Press/Table Saw 20 41,600
Alternator Test Stand 15 31,200
Drill/Battery Room 20 41,600
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Who Can Help?
• Architects and engineers can help you by giving you alternatives for increasing your energy efficiencies – Experienced in wide variety of facilities– Up to date on best practices– Experience in local building codes– Experience in cost effective construction
methods
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Benefits of a Green Garage
• Reduce carbon dioxide output/reduce carbon footprint – win/win for everyone– Clean air/environment– Avoid fines– Qualify for carbon dioxide tax credits– For the greater good – our families, children,
the world
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Impact of Fuel on the Environment
Fuel Carbon Dioxide Emissions Generated
1 gallon of gasoline 20 lbs of CO₂
1 gallon diesel fuel or kerosene
22 lbs of CO₂
1 gallon LPG 13 lbs of CO₂
Metric ton of coal 5700 lbs of CO₂
1000 cubic feet of methane gas
116 lbs of CO₂
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Regulatory Agency Support
Fire Dept is “KING”
EPA, DOT, Fire Department, DOEMunicipalCounty State
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Regulatory Agencies
Permits & Fines
Permissionvs
Forgiveness
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Dedicated vs Dual fuel
• Flexibility for Fueling, Storms, Price of Fuel• Short vs Long Distances• Fuel Infrastructure, Cost, Location• Driver Control• Bridges, Tunnels• Driver Training, Expectations, Cooperation• Manufacturer, Warranty• OEM Installation vs Aftermarket, Warranty
Alternative Fuels
• CNG, Comp Nat Gas, Methane• LNG, Liq, Methane (More Methane BTU’s
@-270 F)• Biodiesel, B-5, B-10, B-15, B-20, Cold,
Glycerin• Propane• Fuel Cell, Hydrogen• Electric• Hybrid• Ethanol
• Street Methane, Measure Lower Flammability Limit
• Dedicated vs Dual Fuel• OEM vs Add On• 250-300 PSI In Street,3600 PSI
Vehicle• 85% Air 15% CNG to 95% Air 5%
Fuel• Safety, 5% of Lower Flammability
=1%• Spark Plug in Engine
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CNG
CNG Continued
• Quantity vs Diesel, Gas, Four To One• Cost vs Diesel vs Gas• Hydrostatic Tank Testing, 5 Years• Reserve Of Fuel For Emergencies• Maintenance, Facility Monitoring, Sensors,
4 ft Int• In House Fueling• Heavier vs Lighter Than Air• Routing, Performance, Quiet, Reduced
Smoke
LNG
• Methane, -260 Degrees Fahrenheit• No Street Methane• OEM vs Aftermarket, Spark Plug• Delivery & Storage…More BTU’s per Than
CNG• Fueling, Apron, Face Shield, Gloves• Dedicated vs Dual Fuel, Facility Monitoring,
1%• Safety, Heavier vs Lighter Than Air• Infrastructure, Routing, Performance, Quiet• Reduced Smoke Exhaust
Biodiesel
• Soy Based• Waste Oils/Grease Based• Mixing, Delivery, Blending• Shelf Life, Bacteria• Water Retention• Safety, Facility Monitoring• Characteristics, Performance• Routing
Propane
• Heavier Than Air• Safety• Monitor Lower Flammability Limit, 1%, Fire• Dual Fuel vs Dedicated• Delivery• Storage, Outside, Flammable• Emissions, Indoors, Material Handling Use• Quiet
Hydrogen , Fuel Cell
• Hydrogen, Internal Combustion• Reliability, Life Cycle 800 hours+/-• Emissions• Applications• Safety, Explosive, 1%• Characteristics, Performance, Quiet• Routing
Electric
• Battery, Life, Quality, Replacement Process• Plug In, 110 V, 220 V, 440 V, Outside,
Hydrogen• Travel Range• Routing• Performance• Characteristic, Application• Charging, Overnight, Quick• Quiet
Hybrid
• Gas, Diesel, Electric• Light Duty, Cars, Vans, Light Trucks• Heavy Duty, Transit• Parallel, Volts, Amps, Ohms• Series, Extended Range, Volts, Amps,
Ohms• Hydraulic, Pneumatic• Regeneration, Plug In Outlets• Quieter, Reduced Smoke
Ethanol
• Corrosive, Above + 10%• Corn Based Ethanol• Cellulosic Ethanol• Blends• Characteristics• Storage• Safety
Cost
• After Market Conversion vs OEM• Infrastructure• Emissions Reduction• Return On Investment• Maintenance Savings• Extended Equipment & Fleet Service Life• Reliability & Sustainability
• CO2• Gas Carbon Emissions• Solid Carbon Particulates• Nitrogen Oxide• SCR, Supplemental Catalytic
Reduction • Urea, Ammonia, 33%-67%• Increased EGR, 2002,2007, 2010
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Emissions
• Fire Dept Is King• Lower Flammability Limit, CNG,
Propane• Upper Flammability Limit, CNG,
Propane• Sensors, Location(s), Upper Laser
Beam, 50/50, Lower Flammability• Explosion Proof Motors,
Equipment• Fire Drill Program, Differences
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Shop Upgrades
• The EPA will define calculations for a benchmark for CO2 emissions
Regulatory agencies will target annual CO2 emission reductions
Clean Air Act
Proposed EPA Goal: Reduce C02EmissionsBase Year 2005
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By Year Reduce To2012 97%
2020 80%
2030 58%
2050 17%
EPA Proposed Penalties
• Proposed Fines are between $1-7 per metric ton of carbon dioxide
• Organizations could be forced to purchase excess emission credits if you exceed target emission requirements
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Benefits
• Savings exceeded can be sold for income• Revenue generation will offset the cost
of our compliance• Avoid fines
And don’t forget the greater good!
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Green Garage – Once in a Lifetime Event
• A fleet business requires planning and sequencing to maximize efficiencies and productivity
• With proper administrative and workspace allocation, a green garage offers:– Potential of reduced carbon footprint – Increased productivity
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Stimulus MoniesAmerican Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009
• Was Designed to help North America’s Economic Recovery:– Spur economic activity to aid recovery – Increase energy efficiency and renewable
energy programs– Reduce dependency on offshore petroleum
products
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Stimulus Monies
• Funding limitations – make do with existing facilities and outdated equipment– Result is continued energy loss and lower
productivity
• Identify your alternatives– Purchase of hybrid vehicles– Reduce emissions via upgraded facility– Build a new facility with new equipment
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What Impacts Productivity?
Space and People
• Goal is to maximize administrative and work space to facilitate the work process and emissions reduction
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Scheduled Maintenance:Planned Activity to Maximize Productivity of Vehicles, Manpower and Facilities
– Preventive maintenance inspections– Preventive maintenance generated repairs– Driver daily write-ups– Planned component changes– Predictive maintenance
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30 % 70%
Maintenance
Unscheduled Maintenance is Unplanned
– Road calls– Breakdowns– Premature component failures– Repeat repairs
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70% 30%
Repairs
How are Space Needs Calculated?
• Too much space vs. too little space– 1 bay per tech scheduled– 1 ½ bay per tech unscheduled
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20,000 total hours of work per year
• 2,000 hours of this work is performed outside the facility
• 18,000 inside the facility
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Staff
52 weeks x 40 hours = 2,080 annual hours
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Not at work 280 hours per year
At work indirect 275 hours per year
Misc. indirect 225 hours per year
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2,080 Hours- 280 (not at work hours)- 275 (at work indirect)- 225 (misc. indirect)
1,300 net hours per tech avail
20,000 hours ÷ 1,300 hours = 17 technicians
Productive Time 1300 Hours ?
Bus Average Age Impacts Staffing
Average age 2.5 years
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5 2012 New X 1 = 5
5 2011 1 year X 2 = 10
5 2010 2 years
X 4 = 20
5 2009 3 years
X 4 = 20
20 Buses 50 years
30% of 17 technicians = 5 x 1 bay each
= 5 bays, 1hr productive work390 hrs productive work
70% of 17 technicians = 12 x 1.5 bays each = 18 bays, 3 hrs work
= 1 hr productive work434 hrs productive work
824 hrs of net productivity
Total of:
23 bays are needed for 1
shift
12 bays for 2 shifts
8 bays for 3 shifts
Solutions to Problems
• Consider your options– Upgrade existing facility– Expand existing shop– Reduce its size– Relocate to another facility– Build a new and possibly a shared facility
• What’s your process?
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No Build or New Build
No-Build or Upgrade
• Est. at $125 per sq ft• Facility and shop equipment costs will
add est. 33% to total cost• Compare these with cost of new build• What is downside of NOT improving the
space? – Excessive emissions and reduced
productivity
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New Build
• Est. at $200 per sq ft– Presumes 12’ brick and mortar and 18’ steel
outside, 28’ foot inside height, 10’ concrete pad w/electric and plumbing
– Equipment will add est. 33% to total cost– Opportunity to include environmental
upgrades– Option to create a shared facility and save $
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Compare Costs and Benefits
Benefits of new build:• Improved workspace allocation with
upgraded, more efficient shop equipment and upgraded, more efficient facility equipment = improved productivity, which reduces carbon dioxide emissions and impacts your carbon footprint
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Design Build Sequence
• Pre-Design (6 months +/-)• Schematic Design (6months +/-)• Design Development (12 months +/-) • Contract Documents (6 months +/-) • RFP & RFQ Process – Award (6 months
+/-)• Start the Process – Permits (6 +/-)• Construction Progress (2 years +/-) • Move In – 5% Retainage Management (6
to 18 months) 58
Perspective
The way customer sees it
The way the contractor(s) sees it
Should all be the same perspective! Transit & Bus Fleet Manager Takes The
Lead
Architect and Engineering firm ensures this common perspective
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Questions?
?
University of Wisconsin @ Milwaukee• Online Course• Transit & Bus Corporate Fleet Management• Transit & Bus Shop Fleet Management• Transit & Bus Fleet Green Garages• Transit & Bus Fleet Case Studies
• Contact… Ken Woodall, Director, Continuing Education….414-227-3332