Endocrine System

Jesse Crow & Mary Francis Baxter

Endocrine System and Homeostasis

Uses system of negative/positive feedback Positive feedback is rare

• High levels of one hormone = release of another

• 2nd hormones usually causes secretion decrease

• Hypothalamus releases inhibiting or stimulating hormones

Neg.-regulates secretion of hormones• Most maintained at certain concentration

One cycle is thyroid• Regulates energy consumption• Protein production• calcium level in blood

Most organisms have an endocrine system if they have circulatory and nervous systems

Before endocrine, hormones were released by nervous system

Cells of nervous system eventually formed glands

Relationship to Nervous System

Nervous system responds to emotional stress

Hypothalamus-tissue of brain• Registers info• Sends messages to autonomic nervous system

Occurs in lower vertebrates/invertebrates

Endocrine Glands Hypothalamus Parathyroids Posterior pituitary Thymus Anterior pituitary Pancreas Thyroid Gonads Adrenal glandPineal gland

Hormones of the pancreas

Peptide Hormone composed of amino acids can range from 3-4 amino acids to

entire polypeptide example: insulin and ADH Bind with receptor, work quickly Change in cell’s enzymes

Steroid Hormone

Ring-shaped Lipids made from cholesterol Form in adrenal glands and gonads Examples: oestrogens and progestins Bind to nuclear receptors

-enter DNA -transcribes target

Genes

Diseases in the Endocrine System

Diabetes

Hyperthyroidism

Cushings Syndrome

Diabetes Cause

• Pancreas doesn’t produce enough insulin• Insulin normally carries sugar to blood for

energy• (metabolism)

Severe results: blindness, heart disease, and kidney failure

Type 1:loss of insulin Type 2:insulin resistance Symptoms:

-frequent urination-increased thirst-increased hunger

Treatment-insulin injections

Hyperthyroidism Treatment:

-Anti-thyroid medications-Radioactive iodine-Surgery to remove the thyroid

Symptoms:-Difficulty concentrating-Frequent bowel movements-fatigue-increased sweating and appetite

Causes• Inflammation of thyroid gland• Non-cancerous growths on thyroid• Tumors on testes/ovaries• Too much iodine

Cushings Syndrome ACTH(adrenocorticotrophin

hormone)-producing pituitary tumor causes overproduction of cortisol

• by the adrenal glands Symptoms:

• Weight gain• Sleep disturbance• depression

Treatment options: removal of tumor

Works Cited http://www.google.com/imgres?q=steroid+hormones&um=1&hl=en&safe=active&sa=N&biw=1280&bih=933&tbm=isch&tbnid=pyKz9KA72NttNM:&imgrefurl=http://163.16.28.248/bio/activelearner/47/ch47c1.html&docid=NBWmk1qyJfzsyM&imgurl=http://163.16.28.248/bio/activelearner/47/images/ch47c1.gif&w=432&h=307&ei=cmRwT5ayOozQgAeH_oVs&zoom=1&iact=hc&vpx=182&vpy=440&dur=376&hovh=189&hovw=266&tx=126&ty=107&sig=104984583406905570724&page=2&tbnh=134&tbnw=189&start=30&ndsp=36&ved=1t:429,

r:0,s:30

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http://www.medicalook.com/Diabetes/

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