Endocrine System
Jesse Crow & Mary Francis Baxter
Endocrine System and Homeostasis
Uses system of negative/positive feedback Positive feedback is rare
• High levels of one hormone = release of another
• 2nd hormones usually causes secretion decrease
• Hypothalamus releases inhibiting or stimulating hormones
Neg.-regulates secretion of hormones• Most maintained at certain concentration
One cycle is thyroid• Regulates energy consumption• Protein production• calcium level in blood
Most organisms have an endocrine system if they have circulatory and nervous systems
Before endocrine, hormones were released by nervous system
Cells of nervous system eventually formed glands
Relationship to Nervous System
Nervous system responds to emotional stress
Hypothalamus-tissue of brain• Registers info• Sends messages to autonomic nervous system
Occurs in lower vertebrates/invertebrates
Endocrine Glands Hypothalamus Parathyroids Posterior pituitary Thymus Anterior pituitary Pancreas Thyroid Gonads Adrenal glandPineal gland
Hormones of the pancreas
Peptide Hormone composed of amino acids can range from 3-4 amino acids to
entire polypeptide example: insulin and ADH Bind with receptor, work quickly Change in cell’s enzymes
Steroid Hormone
Ring-shaped Lipids made from cholesterol Form in adrenal glands and gonads Examples: oestrogens and progestins Bind to nuclear receptors
-enter DNA -transcribes target
Genes
Diseases in the Endocrine System
Diabetes
Hyperthyroidism
Cushings Syndrome
Diabetes Cause
• Pancreas doesn’t produce enough insulin• Insulin normally carries sugar to blood for
energy• (metabolism)
Severe results: blindness, heart disease, and kidney failure
Type 1:loss of insulin Type 2:insulin resistance Symptoms:
-frequent urination-increased thirst-increased hunger
Treatment-insulin injections
Hyperthyroidism Treatment:
-Anti-thyroid medications-Radioactive iodine-Surgery to remove the thyroid
Symptoms:-Difficulty concentrating-Frequent bowel movements-fatigue-increased sweating and appetite
Causes• Inflammation of thyroid gland• Non-cancerous growths on thyroid• Tumors on testes/ovaries• Too much iodine
Cushings Syndrome ACTH(adrenocorticotrophin
hormone)-producing pituitary tumor causes overproduction of cortisol
• by the adrenal glands Symptoms:
• Weight gain• Sleep disturbance• depression
Treatment options: removal of tumor
Works Cited http://www.google.com/imgres?q=steroid+hormones&um=1&hl=en&safe=active&sa=N&biw=1280&bih=933&tbm=isch&tbnid=pyKz9KA72NttNM:&imgrefurl=http://163.16.28.248/bio/activelearner/47/ch47c1.html&docid=NBWmk1qyJfzsyM&imgurl=http://163.16.28.248/bio/activelearner/47/images/ch47c1.gif&w=432&h=307&ei=cmRwT5ayOozQgAeH_oVs&zoom=1&iact=hc&vpx=182&vpy=440&dur=376&hovh=189&hovw=266&tx=126&ty=107&sig=104984583406905570724&page=2&tbnh=134&tbnw=189&start=30&ndsp=36&ved=1t:429,
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