Jefferson’s presidency (1800-1808)

Major Campaign Issues

What are the issues?

Electoral Tie!

Jefferson-Burr receive 73 votes each

House of Representatives decides Presidency- Hamilton supports Jefferson

Burr is elected Vice-President

12th Amendment

1800 Election demonstrated the inadequacy of the Constitution

Proposed the separate balloting of president and vice-president

Washington, D.C.

1791- Pierre L’Enfant, a French architect, designed the layout of the city

He fought in the American Revolution

He, along with Washington, designed the White House

District of Columbia

Adams was the first to move in, 1800

Jefferson first full-term president to live in the White House

The territory of Columbia was named such after Christopher Columbus.

Jefferson’s Inaugural Address

“Peace, commerce and friendship with all nations, and entangling alliances with none”

Jefferson rode his own horse to the inauguration to prove he was different.

Jeffersonian Democracy

Goals-liberty-equality-strong local government-reduce national debt-agriculture based economy-expand U.S. territory-anti-war

Reality

Events Leading to the Louisiana Purchase

1800 Spain gives France (Napoleon) back the Louisiana territory

1803-Napoleon loses interest in American empire Spanish officials closed the port of New Orleans to

Americans Jefferson feared the threat of an imperial power

and possible trade restrictions on the Mississippi Jefferson sends ministers to France to purchase

New Orleans and West Florida – they ended up with the entire territory

Constitutional Question

Lewis and Clark Expedition

John Marshall

Secretary of State under John Adams

Midnight judge – Supreme Court Chief Justice

Marbury v. Madison

Aaron Burr

Not re-elected – plotted against

Jefferson with his party “Quids” Federal Conspiracy

Burr planned to win governorship of New York and unite 5 New England states to form a Northern Confederacy

Burr was defeated in New York conspiracy failed upon Burr’s defeat

Burr angered by Hamilton’s

remarks – they duel- Hamilton dies

Aaron Burr (cont.)

Burr leaves after Hamilton’s death goes to New Orleans

Burr conspires with Gen. Wilkinson – either to establish an independent republic or seizure of territory in Spanish America

Tried for treason – not guilty – ruined his career and reputation

Jefferson’s Second Term

Difficulties Abroad

•Challenges to U.S. Neutrality

•Britain and France regularly seize the ships of neutral nations and confiscate cargo – chief offender Britain

•Britain is capturing American sailors and impressing (forcing) them to serve in British navy

Chesapeake-Leopard Affair

British ship Leopard fired on U.S. ship Chesapeake

Anti-British sentiment HIGH

Embargo Act 1807

Reaction to French and British violations of neutrality

Prohibited American merchant ships from sailing to any foreign port

Jefferson’s Presidential Record

First Term Reduced the size of federal government, repealed

excise taxes, lowered the national debt by a third Louisiana Purchase – doubled the size of the

countrySecond Term Foreign affairs preoccupied Jefferson - Napoleonic

wars -attempted to avoid a policy of either appeasement or war by the use of economic pressure –which was a failure

Non-Intercourse Act 1809

Jefferson repeals Embargo Act U.S. ships can now trade with all nations

except Britain and France President can authorize trade with Britain

or France when they cease violating neutrality rights

Jefferson leaves office – continues precedent set by

Washington

James Madison will be his successor in the “Virginia

dynasty”