Jefferson’s Second Term & Madison’s Presidency

Jefferson’s Second Term1805-1809

Election of 1804

• Jefferson’s policies made him very popular– Lowered taxes– Acquired vast new lands to the west– Allowed Alien and Sedition Acts to expire– Kept the nation at peace

• Landslide victory for Jefferson– Won all but two states– Electoral College

• Jefferson: 162• C.C. Pinckney: 14

Trouble With Britain• France and Britain at war (again)

– Napoleon has taken over most of the European continent

• Both countries enforce blockades– Britain stops all ships going into Napoleon’s Europe– France stops all ship heading towards the British Isles

• Britain seized more than 1,000 American ships and confiscated their cargo– Practiced impressment

• Forcing American sailors into their navy

Emperor Napoleon Bonaparte

USS Chesapeake

• Britain wanted to board a U.S. Navy frigate– The Captain said no– The British Navy opened fire

• 3 American sailors died, 18 were wounded• U.S. public opinion turned against the British

Embargo Act of 1807• After the Chesapeake incident• Jefferson convinced Congress to order an embargo

– No U.S. businesses were to sell any goods to foreign countries

– Felt that this would hurt Britain• Wanted them to recognize American Neutrality

• Europe was largely unaffected• U.S. businesses were badly hurt• Congress lifted the act in 1809• Bad mark on Jefferson’s second term

– He lost popularity– Americans lost confidence in their government

James Madison

• The fourth President of the US• Member of Jefferson’ Republican party• Jefferson decided not to run in the election of

1808 and he endorsed Madison• Madison beat C.C. Pinckney easily

War Hawks

• War Hawks- Americans who were tired of being bullied and wanted war

• John C. Calhoun of S. Carolina• Henry Clay of Kentucky

The War of 1812

War Declaration

• On June 10, 1812, Congress asked for a declaration of war

• As Congress was debating, the British Parliament was passing a law to respect US Neutrality– Communication was slow and word did not reach

Congress in time

The US Divided

• South and West were pro-war• New England was anti-war

– Again, New England talked about seceding

Details of the War

• Use your reading to answer questions about the War of 1812.

15 Minute Clip

• Video Clip from Discovery education about the war of 1812.

The bombardment of Fort McHenry, near Baltimore

Fort McHenry Today

Star Spangled Banner

Clip from Discovery Ed- Star Spangled Banner.

Francis Scott Key reaching out

to the Star Spangled Banner

History

• Prior to 1814, other American symbols were more prominent than the American flag

• Early American gold coins, for example, featured the eagle and the "Liberty Cap"

• The American flag has grown in importance• The flag became "the primary symbol of American

patriotism" after Francis Scott Key's poetic account of the bombardment of Fort McHenry stirred a powerful sentiment in the American people

An Artist's Rendering of the Bombardment on Fort McHenry

First printed edition combining words and music , published in 1814.

The original “Star Spangled Banner” in Francis Scott Key’s

handwriting

The Fort McHenry Flag

• The Star-Spangled Banner for Fort McHenry was made by Mary Pickersgill

• It had 15 stripes and 15 stars• It originally measured 30 x 42 feet

– about one-quarter the size of a basketball court

• Each star is about two feet across

The 15 Star, 15 Stripe Flag

The Surviving Fort McHenry Flag

End of the War & Effects

Treaty of Ghent

• The war ended in a “tie.”• The Treaty left things the way they were prior

to the war.

Signing of the Treaty of Ghent in Ghent, Belgium

Battle of New Orleans

• U.S. beat some of the best British troops• Andrew Jackson successfully defended New

Orleans – Battle happened after the Treaty of Ghent was

signed– Only clear victory for the U.S.

• Made the Americans feel that they had won the war

Americans were united in a sense of

nationalism, believing that they had beaten

the British

America entered an “Era of Good Feelings” with a

popular president and booming

national economy

The War of 1812 had important

effects on America