jean-luc clément kiev november 5, 2010 update on s&t priorities and strategies in france 2010...

Jean-Luc ClémentKiev November 5, 2010

Update on S&T Priorities and Update on S&T Priorities and Strategies in FranceStrategies in France

20102010

Prof Jean-Luc ClémentProf Jean-Luc Clément

Scientific AdvisorScientific Advisor

French Ministry of Higher Education and ResearchFrench Ministry of Higher Education and Research


Evolution of the French system of Higher Evolution of the French system of Higher Education and ResearchEducation and Research

• National Strategy in Research and Innovation• Autonomy of Universities• New structures to link research-training and innovation• Open innovation• New mechanisms to fund research


I - French National Strategy on Research I - French National Strategy on Research and Innovationand Innovation

• Health,quality of life, nutrition and biotechnology

• Environmental concerns and ecotechnology

• Information, communication and nanotechnology


II Autonomy of UniversiiesII Autonomy of Universiies

• 2007-2009 : structural reforms of our higher education and research system, around three priorities :

– Simplification

– Excellence

– Technology transfer and public-private partnerships

• 2010 : €22 billion of the « national loan » package earmarked for higher education and research


3 500 Schools and Universities :

83 universities (70% of the students)

224 Ingeniery schools (1/4 in universities)

220 Business Schools (90 with national diplomas)

120 Art schools

20 Architect schools

3 000 other schools and universities

4

Actual situation in French Actual situation in French Higher EducationHigher Education

Too much ; Needs simplification


Human Ressources

• Total: 364 000 persons

- 202,000 persons working for research in private labs (including 114 000 scientists).

- 162,000 persons working for public research including• 49 400 faculties in universities and • 44 000 scientists in public research institutes

- 12 000 new doctors (PhD) every year (4,000 in natural sciences and 8,000 in humanities and social sciences).


Students : 2.2 millions (Paris : 26%)Students : 2.2 millions (Paris : 26%)


Clarification of diplomas : The new European education Clarification of diplomas : The new European education system and European diploma and ERASMUSsystem and European diploma and ERASMUS


New organizationNew organization

• Reformed university governance– 60% of French universities have already adopted

the new governance law (90% next January)

• 15 « Higher Education and Research» campus– Objective : consolidate a fragmented landscape of

85 universities, 220 engineering and business schools, and 21 research institutes

• National thematic « alliances »– Objective : coordinate research programs, simplify

interactions for international groups– Three alliances created : health, information &

telecom, energy


FROM « FACULTIES» TOWARDS « UNIVERSITIES » :FROM « FACULTIES» TOWARDS « UNIVERSITIES » :

Two main laws : 1968 and 1984

Now : The law of August the 10 th, 2007 :

LAW ON THE LIBERTIES AND ON THE RESPONSABILITIES OF THE UNIVERSITIES (L.R.U.) :

To give full significance to this LRU reform, we must also recall the importance of the Bologna Process which has given the opportunities to academics to rethink all along the ten last years : the schemes, the organization, the contents and the aims of must of the courses of licences, masters and even doctorates


University freedom lawUniversity freedom law

Voted by the Parlament (07/2007),- implemented by first universities starting academic year 2008/2009- 75 universities out of 83 using the new system in 2011

- More autonomy to universities

- Possibility to create foundations linked with universities, raising of funds

- New mechanisms for the election of administrative council and the university president

- Increasing competences of the president and university counsels

- Improving evaluation of academic staff, flexibility in teaching loads

- To increase weight of universities in research performing and management tasks


A stronger governance for the universities A stronger governance for the universities (LRU : 2007)(LRU : 2007)

- More efficiencies in respect of the democratic bases of the University administration : one elected President, a board of directors, a scientific council, a council for students affairs.

• The board of directors : 20-30 members at most. About 1/3 of qualified persons among local authorities, representatives of private or public companies…

• A scientific council that must give its advice on the scientists, appointed members of the local selection commitee for recruitment of « academics »

• New competencies for universities – A global budget : operating budget, salaries, properties on buildings and investment.

• Possibility of endowments


A stronger governance for the universities A stronger governance for the universities (LRU : 2007)(LRU : 2007)

• The President of the University has the responsability to prepare the « pluri-annual contract » (4 years) setting the policy of the university, between this one and the Ministry of Higher Education.

• He is elected for 4 years and can be reelected once. He could now decide to veto any recruitment.

• On advice of his Board, he can modulate the time schedule of the academics that is shared between teaching and research. He can also modulate bonuses to the academic staff.


MAIN GOALS OF « L.R.U. »MAIN GOALS OF « L.R.U. »

- 50 % of a group of age should get a degree at the level of higher education

- Improve the Governance of the Universities

- Make higher education in France more visible at the International level


L.R.U.L.R.U.(Liberties and Responsabilities of the Universities)(Liberties and Responsabilities of the Universities)

- A larger Autonomy • A larger scope of competences• A more efficient governance

- A better visibility and a broader capability to be recognized at international level

• to bring together Universities, « Grandes Ecoles » : constitution of « Clusters : « Pôle de recherche et d’enseignement supérieur » (P.R.E.S.)(P.R.E.S.)

• Merging of Universities (e.g. Strasbourg), creation of consortia : « ParisTech », « Paris Universitas »…

• Financing « campuses » : 12 international Poles involving 36 Universities and 20 « grandes Ecoles » - It will also improve dorms and facilities for students.

- To develop a « goals achievement culture » - Evaluation : AERES included in the quality assurance system of the Bologna Process – Promoting European Standards and guidelines


Repartition of researchers in FranceRepartition of researchers in France

Public S&T Organizations (9)CNRS – general INRA – CIRAD - agricultureINSERM - healthINRIA – informaticsIRD – development

Public I&C Organizations (15)CEA - nuclearCNES - spaceBRGM - mining/geol.

Nonprofit institutionsPasteur Inst. - health

Higher education institutions

83 universities – housing most public research laboratories~ 200 «grandes ecoles» - highly selective - research effort limited

The 206 000 French Researchers

University25% Private

52%

Public I &C Org.7%

Public S&T Org. 16%


RESEARCH LABORATORIESRESEARCH LABORATORIES

• 25 Public research institutes CNRS, INSERM, INRA, INRIA, CEA, CIRAD, IRD, IFREMER, CNES, BRGM, OSEO, …

• Higher education institutions:- 83 universities- Grandes Ecoles; Grands établissements; Ecoles d’ingénieurs.

• Private Research: companies and foundations.

• Many possibilities of joint laboratories : 1200 CNRS-Universities laboratories, 140 INRA-CNRS, 62 CEA-Research Performing Organization….


AlliancesAlliances

• AVIESAN : Alliance in Life Sciences and Health (INSERM, CNRS,CEA, INRA, INRIA, IRD,IP, CPU, Hopitaux)

• ANCRE : Alliance in Energy research (CEA, CNRS, IFP)

• ALLISTENE : Alliance in Sciences and Technology of Information (CNRS, INRIA, CEA)

• AllEnvi, Alliance in environment (BRGM, CEA, CEMAGREF, CIRAD, CNRS, CPU, IFREMER, INRA, LPEC, MeteoFR, MNHN)

• Alliance in Humanities and social sciences (in progress)


ExcellenceExcellence

• Evaluation :– Independent and transparent evaluation

agency (AERES)

• Project-based financing : – National research agency (ANR) : €3

billion over 3 years (ANR)

• Investment on best campus :– “Operation Campus” : €5 billion dedicated

to 10 campus


Research organization chartResearch organization chart

Evaluation : New Agency for Research and Higher Education Assessment (AERES):

composed of 24 French and foreign members (1/3 from private research)

Assessment of public research Assessment of the way researchers are evaluated by the assessment committees of research institutions


Research organization chartResearch organization chart

A new Funding Agency: ANRA new Funding Agency: ANR‘‘Agence nationale de la Recherche’Agence nationale de la Recherche’

Implemented on February 7, 2005

Funding of both basic research and technological research in partnership with private companies through 3-year projects

Projects funding through open and targeted calls for proposals:

700 M€ in 2005 800 M€ in 2006 1,300 M€ in 2010

Joint European calls for proposals in 2007 ? (20% of the budget)


Characteristics of research programmesCharacteristics of research programmes

• 2 types of programmes based on calls for proposals : – “open” (no partnership rule)

• the evaluation is only based on scientific excellence• Mainly academic laboratories

– “public-private partnership”.• The evaluation is based on scientific excellence and on economic impact

• Large spectrum of research projects: – fundamental research (in “open” calls for proposals)– industrial/applied research and pre-competitive development (in “public-private

partnership calls for proposals)

• Applicants: – public laboratories (alone or in partnership)– private companies in partnership with academic laboratories.


III - New structures to link III - New structures to link research-training and innovationresearch-training and innovation

-A- Pôles de Recherche et d’Enseignement Supérieur (PRES) Academic clustersAcademic clusters

- B- Réseaux Thématiques de Recherche Avancée (RTRA ) Advanced research centersAdvanced research centers

- C- Instituts CARNOTInstituts CARNOT : R&D clusters

- D - Pôles de compétitivité : Scientific clustersScientific clusters

- E - Centres Thématiques de Recherche et de Soins (CTRS) Advanced health centersAdvanced health centers


- A- Academic Clusters (PRES)- A- Academic Clusters (PRES)

• Academic Clusters (Pôles de recherche et d’enseignement supérieur, PRES)

These clusters will allow research and higher education institutes of the same area to develop their partnership by putting together means and activities.

• 80 M€


17 Academic Clusters

Lille

Rennes

Nantes

Anger

Nancy

Lyon

Marseille

Bordeaux

Toulouse

Le MansBrest

Clermont-Ferrand

Paris-Est

PairsTech

Paris-Sud

Bretagne


-B- -B- Advanced research centers (RAdvanced research centers (RTRA)TRA)

• Réseaux thématiques de recherche avancée (RTRA) : Creation of the advanced research centers as a foundation for scientific cooperation

• The founders can be public or privates bodies • Minimum duration : 5 years• The capital of the foundation can be given partly or entirely by public bodies• Research laboratories are selected on excellency criteria to create a local

research network with the support of MESR

• 13 centers have been selected for a total grant of 200 M€ (average founding 13.5 M€) to allow french scientific « campus » to compete whith the most renowned places in the world like the MIT, Cambridge, …


Advanced research centers

Chemistry

Maths

Computer sciences

Physics

Agronomy

Humanities and social sciences

Life Science and medicine


-C- CARNOT Institutes-C- CARNOT Institutes

• Objective: to develop partnerships between groups of public laboratories, private companies and local authorities.

• 33 groups of public laboratories selected and labelised in 2006 and 2007 on a call for proposals.

• Government financial support, via ANR, will encourage partnerships

• 60 M€.


33 CARNOT INSTITUTES


- D- - D- Scientific clustersScientific clusters

-71 scientific clusters (Pôles de compétitivité) selected

- Partners: companies + research centers + higher education institutions.

- 1.5 billion € allocated by the Gvt to clusters in 2006-2008.

– 6 world class poles – 9 poles with a world wide vocation

– 53 poles with a national vocation


71 Scientific 71 Scientific ClustersClusters


6 world class clusters6 world class clusters

• Minalogic– Region : Rhône-Alpes– Activity : Nanotechnologies

• Aéronautique, espace, systèmes embarqués– Region : Aquitaine, Midi-

Pyrenees– Activity : Aeronautics,

space embended systems

• MediTech santé - Region : Ile de France - Activity : Health (infectiology and cancer)

• Solutions Communicantes Sécurisées– Region : Provence Alpes Côte

d'Azur– Activity : Hardware and software

for telecommunications

• Lyon Biopole– Region : Rhône-Alpes– Activity : Virology

• SYSTEM@TIC – Region : Ile de France – Activity : Software and complex

systems


9 poles with a world wide vocation9 poles with a world wide vocation

• Images and Networks (Brittany)

• Seanergie (Brittany)• Chemistry and environment

Lyon (Rhône-Alpes)• Specialised Plants (Pays de

la Loire)• Image, Multimedia and Life

(Ile de France)

• Industry and Agro-resources (Champagne-Ardennes, Picardie)

• Therapeutic Innovation (Alsace)

• Sea, security and safety (PACA)

• i-trans (Nord-Pas de Calais-Picardie)


Activities of the French clustersActivities of the French clusters

162 projects prepared by the clusters (among a total of 340) were selected on the basis of calls for proposals in 2006 :

- Software 21 % - Transports 15 %

- Health and biotechnologies 15 % - Microelectronics 13 %

- Networks and image processing 11 %

These projects receive additional budget from a special Fund managed by the French Ministry of Economy, Finance and

Industry.


Centres Thématiques de Recherche et de Soins (CTRS) :

- 23 Plurithematics centres 23 Plurithematics centres

- 7 Clinical tests and clinical Epidemiology7 Clinical tests and clinical Epidemiology

- 11 Centres in Biotherapy 11 Centres in Biotherapy

- Networks in pediatry, neurology, ….Networks in pediatry, neurology, ….

- European networkEuropean network ; ;

E - E - Advanced health centers Advanced health centers


“CTRS” Thematic Healh Research Centers

9 Advanced Health Centers selected in Feb 2007:

- " Imagine " (genetic desease, Paris Necker) Prs. Alain Fischer and Arnold Munnich- " Santé Mentale " (psychiatrics, Réseau national) Pr. Marion Leboyer- " NeuroCap " (neurosciences, Lyon), Pr. François Mauguières- " Centaure " (organ transplants, Nantes Lyon) Pr. Jean-Paul Soullilou - " PremUP " (pregnancy and treatment of prematurity, Paris) Pr. Danièle Evain-Brion - " FRHS » – (Sensorial Handicap Paris), Pr. José Sahel - " Infectiopôle Sud " (infectiology, Marseille), Pr. Didier Raoult - " Synergie Lyon cancer " (oncology, Lyon), Pr. Gilles Salles - " 2RITC – Network for Research and therapeutic Innovation in Oncology " (Toulouse), Pr. Gilles Favre


Bichat

Henri Mondor

(94 Créteil)

Pitié-Salpêtrièr

e

Necker Enfants Malades

Robert Debré

Saint-Louis

Saint-Antoine

HEGP

Les 15-20

Cochin

IGR (Villejuif)

CIC, CIC-BT et CIC-EC CIC, CIC-BT et CIC-EC

Saint-Pierre

Ile de la Réunion

plurithematics(23)

Clinical test (7)

Biotherapy(11)

Lille

Rennes

NantesTours

Nancy

Strasbourg

Lyon

MontpellierMarseille

Bordeaux

Toulouse

Grenoble

Rouen

Saint-Etienne

Dijon

Brest

Clermont-Ferrand

Besançon


French and European projects fundingFrench and European projects funding

ERA NET

RTRA

Region

Europe

CARNOTlabels

Competitive Cluster

ERC 7the PCRD priorities

JTI candidate

Cluster EUREKA

Europe

ANR

DGE

MESR

White programs Thematic Calls

DevelopmentBasic Research


Open innovationOpen innovation

• Competitiveness clusters :Competitiveness clusters :– 71 clusters developing collaborative research

• Instituts Carnot network :Instituts Carnot network :– Network of laboratories with an active policy of pursuing

collaborative research

• Research tax credit :Research tax credit :– companies get back 60% when the R&D work is subcontracted to a

public research laboratory

• Technology transfer development :Technology transfer development :– Simplification of public patent management (June 2009)– Professionalization of academic tech transfer offices– A public web portal soon operational on to improve information


More support to innovation and More support to innovation and industrial R&Dindustrial R&D

• Support to the creation of innovative companies.

• Tax incentives.

• Agency for Industrial Innovation : OSEO


Support to the creation of innovative Support to the creation of innovative companiescompanies

The Innovation and Research Act (1999) 533 scientists received an agreement for taking part in

business startups since 1999.

National contest “starting up innovative companies” 10 625 applications in six years, 1 555 projects

awarded, 786 companies started.

Public research incubators 31 incubators granted with 26 M€ for 2000-2003, 20

M€ for 2004-2007.

Seed capital funds 23 M€ invested in 11 seed funds (5 technology

oriented, 6 regionally based) through universities and research institutes – 146 M€ under management.


Tax IncentivesTax Incentives

Fostering the research tax credit– 5% of R&D expenditures of the year + 45% of the growth

compared to the 3 previous years– from 500 M€ (2002) to 970 M€ (2004)– Almost 3 000 firms taking advantage

Friendly fiscal environment for “the new innovative companies”• Independent SME’s less than 8 years old• R&D expenditures > 15% of the whole expenditures• Costs of benefits for R&D related employees are taken in charge

by the State + income tax relief• 900 firms concerned in 2004 corresponding to 45 M€ of relief


Open innovation : already a reality

214 public-private research structures in France– 50% of them have been created after 2005– Major deals in 2009 (e.g. Renault-CEA-Nissan-NEC)

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

1970-1980 1981-1990 1991-1995 1996-2000 2001-2005 2006-2009

Date of creation of public-private research structures



• National Strategy in Research and Innovation• Autonomy of Universities• New structures to link research-training and innovationOpen

innovation• Open innovation• New mechanisms to fund research


French Gouvernmental funds for research and French Gouvernmental funds for research and universitiesuniversities

(billion €)

• 2004 : 16.3• 2005 : 19.8• 2006 : 20.8• 2007 : 21.8• 2008 : 22.6• 2009 : 23.3• 2010 : 24.0

Government funds for research

15

17

19

21

23

25

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

Years

Bil

lio

n

Eu

ros


2010 : €22 billion investment on higher education and research

• World-class campus and universities : €11 billion• Technology transfer, innovation clusters : € 3,5 billion• Laboratories and research equipments : € 2 billion• Biomedical research capabilities : € 2,5 billion• Aeronautics, nuclear energy… € 3 billion

Strong focus on public-private collaborations, many opportunities for companies willing to invest on R&D capabilities


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jean-luc clément kiev november 5, 2010 update on s&t priorities and strategies in france 2010...

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