j.bio.innov6 (6), pp: 864-877, 2017 |issn 2277-8330 ...water quality parameters of dharmavaram tank,...

2017 November Edition |www.jbino.com | Innovative Association

J.Bio.Innov6 (6), pp: 864-877, 2017 |ISSN 2277-8330 (Electronic)

Naik et al.,

WATER QUALITY PARAMETERS OF DHARMAVARAM TANK, ANANTAPURAMU (DIST), AP, INDIA.

V N Jayaram Naik1, K V Ramanaiah2, and G H Philip3*

1 Department of Zoology, S K University, Anantapuramu 515003, Andhra Pradesh, India. 2 Department of Zoology, S K University, Anantapuramu 515003, Andhra Pradesh, India.

3* Department of Zoology, S K University, Anantapuramu 515003, Andhra Pradesh, India.,

(Received on Date: 5th October 2017 Date of Acceptance: 11st November 2017)

ABSTRACT

Different parameters in Dharmavaram tank, Dharmavaram were estimated from May

2011 to April 2013 to assess the water quality. The different Physico-chemical parameters

like Temperature, pH, TDS, conductivity, salinity, dissolved oxygen, turbidity, alkalinity, free

carbon dioxide, chloride, total hardness, calcium, magnesium, phosphates, sulphates,

silicates, nitrites, nitrates, BOD and COD were carried out by standard methods. These

parameters showed either positive or negative correlation between each other. The

analysis revels this parameters are interrelated with each other. From the data we can be

said that water of this tank is not a good quality for culture of fish as well as drinking for

animals.

Keywords: Dharmavaram tank, Water quality, Physico-chemical Parameters, BOD, COD.

No: of Tables: 2 No: of References: 40



Naik et al.,

INTRODUCTION

India abounds in water bodies, a

preponderance of them are manmade,

typical of the tropics. The manmade

(artificial) water bodies are generally

called Reservoirs, Ponds and Tanks

though it is not unusual for some of them

to be referred to as lakes. Ponds and

tanks are small in size compared to lakes

and reservoirs. In general, water bodies

that are considered lakes in dry areas

would only be considered ponds in

regions with abundant water resources

where there are more (and large) bodies

of water [1]. The word "tank", is defined as

a container for storing water. The need

for a water tank is as old as civilization,

providing storage of water for drinking,

irrigation, agriculture, fire suppression,

chemical manufacturing, food

preparation as well as many other

applications [2]. Tank is loosely defined

and often used in common parlance to

refer to some of the small irrigation

reservoirs. Thus, a large number of small

man-made lakes are also called tanks in

Andhra Pradesh and are thereby

excluded from reservoir list. Tanks in

Andhra Pradesh are further classified as

perennial and long seasonal [3]. Andhra

Pradesh has (2937 water bodies) 98 small

reservoirs, 2800 Tanks, 32 Medium

reservoirs and 7 large reservoirs with total

surface area of 4,58,507 hectors.

Anantapuramu district has (27 water

bodies) 22 tanks and 5 reservoirs with total

surface area of 6048 hectors [4].The tank

is regularly used for fishing by the local

people besides water is used for washing

animals, tractors and cloths. Natural

calamities are completed beside the

tank and dumping of domestic solid

waste. Due to this the water of

Dharmavaram tank has become

polluted. In India much research has

been carried out with regards to

assessment of water quality of different

tanks some of them are fish pond

conservation in Tanjavur [5], Kolong river

[6], Bolinj Ram mandirtalao [7], Selected

fresh water ponds in Warangal area [8],

Kadamba Tank [9], Urban Pond in

thiruvantapuram district [10], Ponds in

Athiyanoor panchayat [11], Fish pond of

Shahdol [12], Eutrophicated costal lake

[13], Lalpur pond [14], Two temple ponds

of Karnataka [15], and different pond

water of Bilaspur district [16].

The interactions of both the physical and

chemical properties of water play a

significant role in composition, distribution,

abundance, movements and diversity of

aquatic organisms [17]. Quality of water

generally refers to the component of

water which is to be present at the

optimum level for suitable growth of

plants and animals [18]. Qualitative and

quantitative hydrological investigations

and monitoring should be done at

regular basis to study the current status of

the habitat and socio-economic activities

to identify possible solutions [19]. In order

to assess water quality index, we have

carried out the Physico- Chemical

analysis of water and to find the

relationship between different Physico-

Chemical parameters in Dharmavaram

tank. There is no information available on

this till now.



Naik et al.,

METHODOLOGY

Study area: The study area is located 40

km from Ananthapuramu and it is 2nd

largest tank in Ananthapuramu district.

Geographically it is located at 14.43oN,

77.72o E the source of water to this tank is

from Chitavathi River.[2] It has an average

elevation of 345 meters (1131 feet). It is

famous for handloom silk sarees.

Dharmavaram town as the second

biggest tank in Ananthapuramu district

located on Chitravathi river origin at

Nandi hills, Karnataka. The storage

capacity of this tank is 0.4 TMC.

Dharmavaram tank serves as the main

source of drinking water and for irrigation.

Sample collection and analysis: Water

samples were collected during second

week at monthly interval for a period of

two consecutive years from May 2011 to

April 2013 for the analysis of Physico-

chemical parameters. Water samples

were collected in acid washed 10 liters

polythene containers below the depth of

5- 10 centimetres and collection was

usually completed during morning hours

between 08 AM and 10 AM. Colour and

odour of water was noticed and

recorded. For each sample Temperature,

pH was monitored at the sampling site

using mercury thermometer and digital

pH meter. Immediately after arrival into

the laboratory the conductivity of the

water were measured using the help of

conductivity meter. All parameters were

analyzed by following standard methods.

The chemicals used in the present

investigations were procured from Merck

India. All glass ware used was of corning

grade manufactured by Borosil India Ltd.

Spectrophotometer used for our research

work was ELICO double beam, SL210, UV

VIS Spectrophotometer. Systronics Water

Analyser 371 used with a micro controller

was used for measuring pH, Dissolved

oxygen (DO), Conductivity, Total

Dissolved Solids (TDS), Salinity and

Turbidity in water sample.Six replicates of

each sample were analyzed for each

parameter. Mean of the six replicates

were taken for data analysis.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Temperature: The temperature of water

assessed between 23.25±0.273°C

(December 2011) and 29.7±0.225°C (May

2013) (Fig. A). Temperature showed

significant positive correlation with

Conductivity, Turbidity, DO, BOD, COD,

Alkalinity, Magnesium, Silicates,

Phosphates, Nitrites, Sulphates and

showed significant negatively correlation

with pH, TDS, Total hardness, Carbon

dioxide, Salinity, Chlorides, Calcium,

Nitrates (Table. 1,2). High temperatures

were observed in the month of May due

to clear atmosphere, greater solar

radiation and low water level [20]. During

winter season (December) water

temperature was low due to frequent

clouds, high humidity, high current

velocity and high water level [21], [22].

pH: The pH of water observed in January

2011 was minimum (7.98±0.033) and

maximum in and maximum in the month

of May 2013 (9.98±0.024)(Fig. B). pH

showed positive significant correlation

with Conductivity, Carbon dioxide,

Salinity, Silicates, Phosphates, Nitrates,

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dharmavaram,_Anantapur_district#cite_note-2



Naik et al.,

Sulphates and negatively correlated with

Turbidity, TDS, DO, Alkalinity, Chlorides,

Calcium, Magnesium, Nitrites(Table. 1,2).

Maximum pH in the month of May

indicate high rate of photosynthesis [23],

[24].

Conductivity: In this regard the monthly

variability in conductivity of water was

analysed between 3.686±0.217 mS

(November 2011) and 12.5±0.1366 mS

(May 2012) (Fig. C). Conductivity showed

positive significant relation with Turbidity,

TDS, DO, COD, Salinity, Alkalinity,

Chlorides, Calcium, Silicates, Phosphates,

Nitrites, Sulphates and showed negative

significant correlation with Total Hardness,

BOD, Carbon dioxide, Magnesium,

Nitrates(Table. 1,2). The electrical

conductivity values are high in the month

of May due to increased in the

concentration of salts, because of

evaporation [25], the dilution resulted

from precipitation brings down its values

in the month of November [26].

Turbidity: Turbidity of water noticed

between 3.57±0.47 NTU (November 2011)

and 13.16±0.8164 NTU (May 2012)(Fig. D).

Turbidity showed positive significant

correlation with TDS, Total hardness, DO,

COD, Carbon dioxide, Alkalinity,

Magnesium, Nitrites, Sulphates and

showed negative significant correlation

with BOD, Salinity, Chlorides, Calcium,

Silicates, Phosphates, and Nitrates (Table.

1,2). The high turbidity during summer

season (May) might be responsible for the

higher water temperature because

suspended particles absorb heat from the

sunlight making the water warm [27].

Settlement of slit, clay resulting low

turbidity in (November) winter season

[28].

Total Dissolved Solids (TDS): In 2011-12-

year personal observation shows Total

Dissolved Solids (TDS) of water analyzed

between 1848±30.90 ppm (January 2012)

and 4359.66±26.36 ppm (March 2012)

(Fig. E). TDS showed positive significant

correlation with BOD, COD, Carbon

dioxide, Salinity, Alkalinity, Chlorides,

Calcium, Magnesium and showed

negative significant correlation with Total

hardness, DO, Silicates, Phosphates,

Nitrates, Nitrites, and Sulphates (Table.

1,2). Seasonal variations showed

maximum values in summer (March) due

to evaporation of water and low level of

water and minimum during the winter

season (January) settlement of particles

in the sediment [26], [29].

Total Hardness (TH): Our analysis showed

the Total hardness of water was minimum

in September 2011 (330.46±11.09 mg/L)

and maximum in May 2012 (510.11±9.75

mg/L) (Fig. F). Total hardness showed

positive significant correlation with DO,

BOD, Carbon dioxide, Salinity, Alkalinity,

Chlorides, Calcium, Magnesium,

Phosphates, Nitrites, and showed

negative significant correlation with COD,

Silicates, Nitrates and Sulphates (Table.

1,2). Total hardness of water bodies may

be high during the summer season (May)

which may be became higher

temperature causes evaporation of

water decrease in volume of water

increase the concentration of salts and

also due regular addition of large

quantities of sewage and detergents into

water bodies from the nearby residential

localities and minimum in September is



Naik et al.,

due dilution of concentration of salts with

influx of rain water [29], [30].

Dissolved Oxygen (DO): Analysis of

Dissolved Oxygen (DO) of water in this

study was minimum (6.33±0.016 ppm) in

May 2011 and maximum (9.041±3.4739

ppm) in January 2012 (Fig. G). Dissolved

oxygen (DO) showed positive significant

correlation with COD, Carbon dioxide,

Salinity, Calcium, Magnesium, Nitrites,

Sulphates and showed negative

significant correlation with BOD, Alkalinity,

Chlorides, Silicates, Phosphates, and

Nitrates(Table. 1,2).The maximum DO in

January might be due to low

atmospheric temperature and intensive

photosynthetic activity(31). The minimum

DO was observed during summer months

might be due to high metabolic rate of

organisms [21], [32].

Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD):

Monthly variation of Biological Oxygen

Demand (BOD) of water was recorded

low in May 2011 (6.333±1.032 mg/L) and

high in March 2013 (10.64±0.02 mg/L)(Fig.

H). BOD showed positive significant

correlation with Salinity, Calcium, Silicates

and BOD showed negative significant

correlation with COD, Carbon dioxide,

Alkalinity, Chlorides, Magnesium,

Phosphates, Nitrates, Nitrites and

Sulphates (Table. 1,2). Minimum BOD

values are noticed in May where as

maximum was observed in the month of

March because of input organic wastes

and enhanced bacterial activity [29],

[33].

Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD):

Assessment of COD value of water

ranged between 275.1±11.40 mg/L

(November 2011) and 508.68±5.045 mg/L

(April 2013) (Fig. I). COD showed positive

significant correlation with Carbon

dioxide, Salinity, Alkalinity, Phosphates,

and Nitrites COD showed negative

significant correlation with Chlorides,

Calcium, Silicates, Nitrates and Sulphates

(Table. 1,2). The higher values are due to

higher decomposition activities and low

level of water in April. However, minimum

COD are due to low temperature, low

decomposition activities and dilution

effect in November [30], [34].

Free Carbon dioxide (Free CO2): Results of

the concentration of Free Carbon dioxide

of water in the present study between

2.88±0.040 mg/L (July 2011) and 7.7±1.204

mg/L (May 2012) (Fig. J). Free Carbon

dioxide showed positive significant

correlation with Salinity, Alkalinity,

Calcium, Magnesium, Nitrates and it


with Chlorides, Silicates, Phosphates,

Nitrites and Sulphates (Table. 1, 2). The

fluctuations in free carbon dioxide values

correspond directly with standing crop of

phytoplankton increases in May, the free

CO2 lower because of greater utilization

of free CO2 for photosynthetic activity in

July [35].

Salinity: The seasonal fluctuation in the

Salinity values ranged from 2658.6±25.59

ppm (November 2011) and 6586.6±210.8

ppm (March 2013) (Fig. K). Salinity

showed significant positive correlation

with Calcium, Nitrates, Nitrites and it


with Alkalinity, Chlorides, Magnesium,

Silicates, Phosphates and Sulphates

(Table. 1, 2). The differences in the salinity

are attributed to the increase in the



Naik et al.,

evaporation rate in the month of March

[36].

Alkalinity: Measurement of the Alkalinity

of water during 2011-12 fluctuated

between 25.03±1.67 mg/L (October 2011)

and 67.25±1.767 mg/L (February

2012)(Fig. L) .Alkalinity showed positive

significant correlation with Chlorides,

Calcium, Magnesium, Nitrites and


with Silicates, Phosphates, Nitrates and

Sulphates (Table. 1,2). The increased

alkalinity during winter (February) was

due to concentration of nutrients in

water, water level decreases result the

death of decay of plants and living

organisms [37].

Chlorides: The seasonal variation in the

Chloride content of the water was a low

level of 77.34±1.298 mg/L in October 2011

and high level of 100.67±0.98 mg/L in May

2012 (Fig. M). Chlorides showed positive

significant with Magnesium, Phosphates,

Nitrates, Nitrites and Sulphates and


with Calcium, Silicates (Table. 1,2)

.Concentration of higher chlorides in May

could be due to sewage mixing and

increased temperature and evaporation

of water [21].

Calcium (Ca): Determination of the

seasonal variability in the Calcium

content of water was lowest in November

2012 (70.32±0.08 mg/L) and highest in

May 2012 (90.71±0.34 mg/L) (Fig. N).

Calcium showed positive significant

correlation with Phosphates, Nitrites and

negative significant correlation with

Magnesium, Silicates, Nitrates and

Sulphates (Table. 1, 2). The high values of

Ca and Mg in water bodies may be due

to addition of lime and pesticides in an

objective for better production [38].

Magnesium (Mg): Range of Magnesium

of water between 36.39± 1.0488 mg/L

(November 2011) and 74.89±2.42 mg/L

(May 2012)(Fig. O). Magnesium showed

positive significant correlation with

Silicates, Nitrates, Nitrites, Sulphates and


with Phosphates (Table. 1,2). The

permissible limit of Mg content for drinking

water is 50 mg/L, maximum limit is 150

mg/l [39].

Silicates: The seasonal fluctuation in the

Silicate concentration of water was

between 0.376±0.005 ppm (January 2013)

and 0.788±0.007 ppm (May 2012) (Fig. P).

Silicates showed positive significant

correlation with Phosphates, Sulphates

and showed negative significant

correlation with Nitrates, Nitrites (Table. 1,

2). In the support of this similar trend was

noticed that the average value of silicate

ranged from 0.2 to 0.75 ppm in pond

water of Thiruchunapalli [40].

Phosphates: Phosphate value obtained in

this study ranged between 0.135±0.011

ppm (April 2012) and 0.769±0.008 ppm

(June 2012) (Fig. Q). Phosphates showed

positive significant correlation with Nitrites,

Sulphates and showed negative

significant correlation with Nitrates (Table.

1,2). The high values of phosphate are

mainly due to rain, surface water runoff,

agriculture runoff, washer man activity,

leaching of phosphate fertilizer in the

month of June [37], [40].



Naik et al.,

Nitrates: Fluctuation of the seasonal

variability in the Nitrate concentration in

this study was as low as 0.344±0.002 ppm

in March 2012 and as high as 0.905±0.10

ppm July 2012(Fig. R). Nitrates do not

show positive significant correlation, and

negative significant correlation with

Nitrites, Sulphates (Table. 1,2). Higher

values are due to surface runoff and

domestic sewage and specially washing

activities [41].

Nitrites: Monthly variation of Nitrites

content of water in the present study

ranged between 0.127±0.003 ppm (July

2012) and 1.597±0.255 ppm (April 2013)

(Fig. S). Nitrites showed negative

significant correlation with Sulphates

(Table. 1,2). Similar trend of nitrites in

respective months was also noticed

earlier by researchers who measured

nitrites in fish pond water bodies [41].

Sulphates: Sulphate content of water was

minimum in February 2013 (0.02±0.01

ppm) and maximum in August 2012

(0.74±0.00 ppm) (Fig. T). Agriculture

increases after rains in July and more

fertilizers are used for increasing

productivity. Hence during August

Sulphate concentration in water body

could have increased as a result of runoff

water having relatively large quantities of

organic and mineral sulphur compounds

[42].

CONCLUSION

Dharmavaram Tank water was polluted

by effluents coming from runoff through

the drainage and dyes released from silk

industries, fishing, cleaning vehicles,

washing clothes etc. So the physic-

chemical parameters were beyond the

permissible limits which may cause

harmful effects on cultured fish,

Consuming this water by animals and

using this water for agriculture may

drastically affect the Agricultural

produce.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I am thankful to my research supervisor

Prof.G.H.PHILIP for his fabulous support

and encouragement throughout my

work.

REFERENCES

Ritu Singh and Manu Bhatnagar,

2012.Urban lakes and wetlands:

opportunities and Rudolf A.R., Ahumada

and Pe’rez C., 2002 .Dissolved content as

an index of water quality in San Vincent

Bay, Chile. Environment and Monitoring

and Assessment.78:89-100.

en.wikipedia.org / water tank.

www.fao.org/docrep

www.fao.org/reservoir fisheries of India

Dinesh, G. Kumar, M Karthik and

R.Rajkumar, Study of seasonal water

quality assessment and fish pond

conservation in Tanjavur, Tamil Nadu,

Inida. Journal of Entomology and Zoology

Studies. 2017, 5(4): 1232-1238.

Jagajyothi Sharma, Mimi Das Saikia,

ArnobBormudoi, 2017. Analysis of Water

Quality Index Parameters and its Seasonal

Variations along the Kolong River, Assam,

India. International Research Journal of

Engineering and Technology. 4(4):2589-

2598.

http://www.fao.org/docrep

http://www.fao.org/reservoir



Naik et al.,

Anushri, JhnsonVarkey, AjayTripathi,

SmitaPatil, Sonali Raut and Shantaj

Deshbhratar 2016. Seasonal Variatin of

some Physico-Chemical Parameters of

Bolinj Ram MandhirnTalao, Virar, Palghar,

Maharashtra, India. International

Research Journal of Biological Sciences.

5(2):36-39.

Sandhya K and Benarjee G, 2016.

Physico-chemical Properties of some

selected fresh water fish ponds in relation

to fish production in Warangal area.

International Journal of Plant, Animal and

Environmental Sciences. 6(4):23-31.

Karthick S, Aanand S, Srinivasan A and

Jawahar P, 2016. Assessment of Seasonal

variations in water quality parameters of

Kadamba tank in Thoothukudi district of

Tamil Nadu, India. International Journal of

Applied Research. 2(11):329-334.

AncyMol P and Shaji E, 2016. Physico-

Chemical Characteristics of Surface

Water Quality of Urban Ponds in

Thiruvananthapuram District, Kerala.

International Journal of Emerging Trends

in Science and Technology. 3(1):3431-

3437.

Smita Raout, Asit Kumar Behera, Aliva

Patnaik, 2016. Water Quality Analysis fof

River Mahanadi in Sambalpur city.

International Journal of Science and

Research Publications. 6(2):266-270.

Pradeep Kumar Patel, 2016. Water quality

analysis of fish pond of Shahdol (M.P.)

India. International Journal of Applied

Research. 2(1): 235-238

Abhijna U G., 2016. Monitoring and

assessment of a eutrophicated coastal

lake using multivariate approaches.

Global J. Environ. Sci. Manage. 2(3): 275-

288,

Pradeep Kumar Patel, 2015. Water quality

assessment of Lalpurpond Shahdol

District, Madhya Pradesh, India.

International Journal for Research in

Applied Science and Engineering

Technology. 3(11): 462-465.

Shivalli P B and Giriyappanavar B S,

2015. Application of NSF-WQI for the

assessment of water quality of Two

Temple tanks of Karnataka, India.

Journal of International Academic

Research for Multidisciplinary. 3(2):221-

226.

Dixit A K, Pandey S K, Mehta R, Niyaz

Ahmad, Gunjan, Jyoti Pandey, 2015.

Study of Physico-chemical parameters of

different pond water of Bilaspur District,

Chhattishgarh, Indian Environmental

Skeptics and Critics.4(3): 89-95

Mustapha M. K., and Omotsho J. S., An

assement of the Physico-Chemical

properties of Moro Lake, Kwara State,

Nigeria. African J. of App. Zoo. And

Envtl.Bio. 7:3-77.

Smitha A V, Neethu Mary J and Rajesh R,

2015. Water quality index determination

of ponds in AnandPanchayath,

Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala- A

Geospatial Approach. International

Journal of Scientific and Research

Publications. 5(12):94-98.

Anushri Kini, Johnson Varkey, Ajay

Tripathi, Smita Pillai, Sonal Raut and

Shantaj Deshbharatar, 2016. Seasonal

Variation of some Physico-chemical

Parameters of Bolinj Ram MandirTalao,

Virar, Palghar, Maharashtra, India.



Naik et al.,

International Research Journal of

Biological Sciences. 5(2):36-39.

Manjare S. A., Vhanahkare S. A. and

Muley D. V., 2010.Water Quality

Assessment of VadgaonTank of Kolhapur

(Maharastra), with special reference to

Zooplankton. International Journal of

Advanced Biotechnology and Research.

1(2):91-95.

Moundiotiya C., Sisodial R., Kulshreshtha

and Bhatia, A. L., 2004.A Case study of

the Jamwa Ramgarh wetland with

special reference to Physico-Chemical

properties of Water and its environs.

Journal of Environmental Hydrology.

12(24):1- 7.

Hardikar R.S and Acharya C.A., 2013.

Seasonal variation in Physico-Chemical

properties of Freshwater bodies of

Ahmadabad city, Gujarat.Life sciences

leaflets. 4:92-96.

Kataria H. C. Iqbal S.A. and Chandilya

C. B., 1996. Limnochemical studies of

Tawa reservoir. Indian J. Enviro. Prot.

16(11):841-846.

Kamble S.M., Kamble A. H. and Narke S.

Y., 2009. Study of Physico-Chemical

parameters of Ruti dam, Tq. Asht, district

Beed, Maharastra. J.Aqua. Biol.24:86-89.

Trivedy R. K., Goel P. K., Shrotri A. C.,

Ghade M. R. and Khatavkar S. D.,1989.

Qualitative of Lentic water, Water

resources in south western Maharastra,

India.In; Khulka, R. D. (Ed.),

Perspectives in Aquatic Biology, Papyrus

Pub. House. New Delhi, pp 215-235.

Bhat Muzamil., Mohd. Kamini Narain,

Ateeq Ahmad, Shukla R. N. and Yunus M.,

2012. Seasonal variations of Physico-

Chemical characteristics in several ponds

of Luknow city affected by urban

drainage. Advances in Environmental

Biology. 6(10):2654-2662.

Mahesh K. Mishra, Neeta Mishra and Dr.

Devendra N. Pandey, 2013 .An

Assessment of the Physico-Chemical

characteristics of Bhamika pond,

Hanumana, Rewa District, India.

International Journal of Innovative

Research in Science, Engineering and

Technology. 2(5):1781-1787.

Garg R. K., Saksena D. N., Rao R. J., 2006.

Assessment of physico-chemical water

quality of Harsi Reservoir, district Gwalior,

Madhya Pradesh. J. Ecophysiol.

Occupat.Health.6:33-40.

Verma Pradeep, Deepika C., Gupta U.,

and Solanki H., 2012. Water quality

analysis of anorganically polluted lake

by Investigating different physical and

chemical parameters. Int. Jour. of Res. in

Chemistry and environment. 2(1):105-111.

Harney N. V., Dhamani A. A. and Andrew

R. J., 2013.Seasonal variations in the

Physico-Chemical parameters of

Pindavani Ponds of Central India. Science

weekly. 1(6):1-8.

Shinde S. E., Pathan T. S., Raut K. S., More

P. R. and Sonawane D. L., 2010. Seasonal

variation in Physico-Chemical

characteristics of Harsool-Savangi Dam,

District Aurangabad, India. TheEcosan an

International Quarterly Journal of

Environmental Sciences. 4(1):37-44.

Masood Ahmed and Krishnamurthy R,

(1990). Hydrobiological studies of Wohar



Naik et al.,

reservoir Aurangabad (Maharashtrastate)

India. J. Environ. Biol. 11(3), 335-343.

Namrata Singh, 2010. Physico-Chemical

properties of polluted water of river

Ganga at Varanasi .International Journal

of Energy and Environment. 1(5):823-832.

AbirShib, 2014. Seasonal variation in

Physico-Chemical characteristics of

Rudrasagar wetland-A Ramsagar site,

Tripura, North East, India.Research Journal

of Chemical Sciences. 4(1):31-40.

Kant Sashi and Anil Raina, 1990.

Limnological studies of two ponds in

Jammu II Physicochemical parameters.

Journal of Environmental Biology,

Muzaffarnagar- 251001, India.

Mohammed, H. A. 2005 .Physicochemical

characteristicsof Abu Za’baal ponds,

Egypt, Egypt.J. Aqua. Res. 316:1 – 13.

Neelam Pathak B. and Mankodi P. C.,

2013.Hydrological status of Danteswar

pond, Vadodara, Gujarath, India

.International Research Journal of

Environmental Sciences.2(1):43-48.

Mishra R. R., Biswajith R., Hrudayanthnath

T., 2008. Water Quality assessment of

Aquaculture ponds located in

Bhitarkanika Mangrove Ecosystem, Orissa,

India. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and

Aquatic Sciences. 8:71-77.

Hulyal S. B. and Kaliwal B. B., 2011.

Seasonal variations in Physico-Chemical

characteristics of Almatti Reservoir of

Bijapu district, Karnataka state.

International Journal of Environmental

Protection.1(1):58-67.

Balaji Prasath. B, Nandakumar. R,

Dineshkurar. S, Ananth. S, Shenbaga Devi.

A, Jayalakshmi. T, Raju. P, Thiyagarajan.

M and Santhanam.P, 2013 .Seasonal

variations in Physico-chemical

charactgeristics of Pond and ground

water of Thiruchunapalli, India.Journal

of Environmental Biology. 34:529-537.

Nathan M. Stone, Hugh K. Thomforde,

1977. Understanding your fish pond water

Analysis Report. Cooperative Extension

Programme, University of Arkansas at Pine

Bluff.

Shinde S. E., Pathan T. S., Raut K. S. and

Sonawane D. L., 2011. Studies on Physico-

Chemical parameters and correlation

coefficient of Harsool-Savangi dam,

District Aurangabad, India. Middle-East

Journal of Scientific Research. 8(3):544-5

Table 1: Average correlation values of Dharmavaram tank during 2011-2012



Naik et al.,

Table 2: Average correlation values of Dharmavaram tank during 2012-2013

2011-12Temp pH Cond Turb TDS TH DO BOD COD Free CO2Sali Alka Cl Ca Mg Si PO4 NO2 NO3 SO4

Temp 1

pH 0.211 1

Cond 0.136 0.096 1

Turb 0.048 -0.15 0.074 1

TDS -0.16 -0.06 0.082 0.085 1

TH -0.02 0.078 -0.04 0.034 -0.05 1

DO 0.069 -0.08 0.292 0.24 -0.12 0.077 1

BOD 0.07 0.091 -0.14 -0.13 0.047 0.119 -0.19 1

COD 0.206 0.133 0.224 0.155 0.102 -0.12 0.015 -0.1 1

Free CO2 -0.04 0.06 -0.05 0.129 0.068 0.053 0.08 -0.08 0.235 1

Sali -0.23 0.19 0.048 -0.08 0.105 0.128 0.254 0.205 0.037 0.271 1

Alka 0.039 -0.07 0.016 0.043 0.227 0.052 -0.04 -0.08 0.081 0.097 -0.09 1

Cl -0.01 -0.06 0.002 -0.18 0.077 0.24 -0.01 -0.27 -0.11 -0.06 -0.1 0.141 1

Ca -0.14 -0.06 0.017 -0 0.528 0.041 0.055 0.146 -0.12 0.1 0.054 0.093 -0.2 1

Mg 0.039 -0.01 -0.03 0.109 0.017 -0.2 0.091 -0.27 0.158 0.005 -0.11 0.002 0.022 -0.25 1

Si 0.238 0.154 0.007 -0.19 -0.13 -0.21 -0.13 0.024 -0.04 -0.16 -0.04 -0.06 -0.35 -0 0.059 1

PO4 0.122 0.175 0.146 -0.39 -0.07 0.099 -0.01 -0.11 0.166 -0.1 -0.1 -0.02 0.168 0.003 -0.02 0.095 1

NO2 -0.07 0.108 -0.1 -0.13 -0.03 -0.2 -0 -0.15 -0.06 0.123 0.009 -0.09 0.029 -0.34 0.078 -0.01 -0.07 1

NO3 0.061 -0.16 0.02 0.141 -0.06 0.087 0.269 -0.26 0.125 -0.12 0.112 0.074 0.142 0.004 0.068 -0.11 0.061 -0.09 1

SO4 0.132 0.125 0.021 0.002 -0.06 0.268 0.087 -0.12 -0.17 -0.27 -0.27 -0.11 0.27 -0.11 0.03 0.006 0.141 -0.02 -0.06 1

Table 5.5. Average Correlation values of Samples collected from Dharmavaram Tank during 2011-12

2012-13Temp pH Cond Turb TDS TH DO BOD COD Free CO2Sali Alka Cl Ca Mg Si PO4 NO2 NO3 SO4

Temp 1

pH -0.09 1

Cond 0.164 -0.02 1

Turb -0.05 -0.17 0.143 1

TDS 0.26 0.103 0.031 -0.05 1

TH 0.061 0.104 0.045 0.02 -0.07 1

DO -0.09 0.123 0.152 0.299 -0.03 -0.02 1

BOD -0.16 -0.06 -0.02 -0.02 -0.01 -0.05 0.026 1

COD 0.086 0.114 -0.02 -0.16 0.168 0.114 0.003 -0.07 1

Free CO2 -0.18 -0.05 0.002 0.05 -0.2 -0.12 -0.15 -0.17 -0.08 1

Sali -0.05 0.153 -0.04 -0.1 -0.28 -0.09 0.024 0.181 -0.07 0.268 1

Alka 0.137 -0.14 -0 0.311 -0.05 0.004 0.011 -0.1 0.119 -0.01 -0.09 1

Cl -0.06 0.025 -0.15 -0.14 -0.05 0.113 -0.19 0.053 -0.13 0.074 0.129 -0.06 1

Ca 0.05 0.308 0.024 -0.01 0.015 0.11 0.468 -0.19 0.16 -0.08 0.072 0.105 -0.1 1

Mg 0.006 0.193 -0.05 -0.06 0.309 -0.04 0.128 0.011 -0.03 -0.07 -0.04 -0.28 0.103 -0.02 1

Si -0.04 0.105 0.007 0.025 0.057 -0.13 -0.17 -0.03 -0.23 0.221 0.149 -0.03 0.101 -0.04 -0.13 1

PO4 -0.14 0.031 0.093 -0.1 0.003 -0.08 -0.26 0.149 0.05 -0.04 0.123 -0.65 0.183 0.23 -0.07 0.149 1

NO2 0.111 -0.32 0.163 -0.06 0.16 -0.02 -0.01 0.105 0.285 0.195 -0 0.025 0.232 -0.05 -0.13 0.11 0.136 1

NO3 -0.23 -0.04 -0.06 0.07 -0.41 0.232 0.117 0.019 0.154 -0.14 0.063 0.12 -0.01 0.405 -0.14 -0.12 0.061 -0.08 1

SO4 -0.25 -0 -0.04 -0.25 -0.02 -0.02 -0.04 0.162 0.068 0.206 -0.04 -0.18 -0.12 0.085 0.008 -0.05 0.064 -0.03 -0.08 1

Table 5.6. Average Correlation values of Samples collected from Dharmavaram Tank during 2012-13



Naik et al.,



Naik et al.,

Variation in Temperature (A), pH (B), Conductivity (C), Turbidity (D), TDS (E), TH (F), DO

(G), BOD (H), COD (I), Co2 (J), Salinity (K), Alkalinity (L), Chlorides (M), Calcium (N),

Magnesium (O), Silicates (P), Phosphates (Q), Nitrates (R), Nirites (S) and Sulphates (T) water

samples collected from Dharmavaram tank during 2011-2013.

j.bio.innov6 (6), pp: 864-877, 2017 |issn 2277-8330 ...water quality parameters of dharmavaram tank,...

Documents