jasim intro

8/6/2019 Jasim Intro

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INTRODUCTION

Sir Christian Fredrick Samuel Hahnemann our founder classified the

entire diseases broadly into surgical and non-surgical diseases. The non surgical diseases

were further classified into acute as well as chronic diseases on the basis of mode of

onset, its progress and its destiny. The disease to which man is liable is either rapid

morbid process of abnormally deranged vital force, which has a tendency to finish their

course more or less quickly, but always in a moderate time- these are termed acute

diseases.(Aphorism no 71)

The seriousness of acute disease is well defined, if we are not treating

with suitable homoeopathic similimum the acute disease may become complicated, and

the suffering of the patient will be more.

In Aphorism 73 acute disease are further classified into acute individual,

acute sporadic and epidemic diseases. We know that the cause for the acute diseases

(individual acute disease) is exciting cause. Hahnemann explains Useful to the physician

in assisting him to cure are the particulars of the most probable exciting cause of the

acute disease.

The exciting cause may be mental like a nervous case such as fear,

shock, grief, jealously, over joy etc or it can be physical like exposure to heat and cold,

changes in weather, getting wet, thunderstorm etc. or even it can be mechanical like

trauma, burns, blow, sting etc. Hence it becomes very important to give the concrete


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importance to the etiological factors especially while treating an individual acute disease

Therefore this is my sincere attempt to elicit the significance of exciting cause in treating

acute diseases.

.


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AIMS AND OBJECTIVEAims

1) Efficacy of treating the acute diseases considering the exciting cause.

Objective

1. To study the scope of homoeopathy in treating acute disease considering exciting

cause.

2. To study the limitations of homoeopathy in treating acute disease considering

exciting cause.


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SURVEY OF LITERATURE

Concept of disease in Homoeopathy

According to Hahnemann disease is primarily a process of altered to

manifesting itself through perceptible symptoms comprising altered sensation and

functions. Hahnemann went deeper into the problem of the disease and made ome subtle

distinctions between diseases `per se and disease as popularly understood by his

allopathic contemporaries.

Disease is an abnormal vital process, a changed condition of life, which is

inimical to the true development of the individual and tends to organic dissolution.

Agents, material or immaterial, who modify health, act solely by virtue of their own

substantial, entitative existence and co-existence of vital substance, which reacts in the

living organism to every impression made from within or without.

Diseases are purely dynamical disturbance of the vital powers and

functions which may or may not ultimate in gross tissue charges. The tissue charges are

no essential part of disease but only the end results of the disease, which as such, are not

the object of treatment by medication.

Disease is an abstraction made by our mental concept; the factual reality is

the diseased person. It is on mind which, for purposes of practical convenience, has

separated disease conditions from the diseased person and gave these concepts general

names for economy of thought-communication and thought-general names for economy

of thought communication and thought expression; but really mind separates what is


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inseparable and falls into a confusion which leads us to faulty practice.

In the study of disease, the Homoeopathic physician considers the

individual response as of greater importance from the standpoint of the selection of the

curative remedy and is guided by the Totality of Symptoms.

He has to study allthe causative factors in a given case; he cannot be satisfied.

Merely by paying attention to those factors commonly held to be responsible for the

disease. This is more so, as he has to be sure that 'all impediments to cure' have been

removed before he proceeds with the administration of the similar remedy. We have

already seen that the causative factors of illness and the emotional side of illness dictate

the choice of the similar remedy. Thus, the physician has to concentrate on a detailed

study of the environmental factors and their effects.

The morbific agents of disease and the morbid end-products of disease do not excite

much curiosity in him for the simple reason that this knowledge helps him little in his

'mission to restore the sick to health, to cure'. The remedy he selects acts through the

medium of the host and not directly on the morbific agents. His interest in the morbific

agents, therefore, is strictly limited to the help he obtains from their study in arriving at

the diagnosis.

He is vitally interested in the free expression of disease through symptoms as they

are to him the only guide for the selection of the curative remedy and; as such, he frowns

on all attempts at suppressing them, especially, the external manifestations, as experience

teaches him that such suppression is fraught with considerable dangers. Unfortunately

this fact is not generally appreciated except, of course, in the Homoeopathic profession4, 5,


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Useful to the physician in assisting him to cure are the particulars of the most

probable exciting cause of the acute disease as well as the most significant points in the

complete history of the chronic disease, to enable him to discover its fundamental cause,

which is generally due to a chronic miasm. In these investigations, the ascertainable

physical constitution of the patient (especially when the disease is chronic), his moral and

intellectual character, his occupation, mode of living and habits, his social and domestic

relations, his age, sexual function, etc., are to be taken into consideration. 1, 6.

It is necessary for a homeopath to understand the nature of the exciting causes of

acute diseases as well as the underlying fundamental cause of long lasting diseases,

which is usually due to the chronic miasms. Acute diseases are self-limiting disorders

which have quick onsets, rapid progressions, and a tendency to develop an immediate

crisis. Many of these acute diseases are actually acute exacerbations of the chronic states

latent within the constitution that have been brought forth by exciting factors. The nature

of chronic miasmic disease is slow and insidious in its onset and gradual in its

progression. These negative transformations gradually increase until they bring on

complex pathologies that eventually are the cause of premature old age and death. The

chronic miasms are the effects of infections that are not self-limiting. Such infections

cause considerable damage to the immune system, the vital force, and the constitution.

Hahnemann taught that the susceptibility to the exciting factors lies in the fundamental

cause the chronic miasms.

The etiology of a disease, the constitution and temperament of the individual, and

the totality of the signs and symptoms, are three factors forming the complete picture of

an illness. In homeopathy we often speak of the totality of the symptoms as the basis of


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selecting a remedy, but sometimes we forget to include the causative factors, the miasms,

and the nature of the physical constitution of the individual.

Understanding the innate constitution is fundamental to homeopathic treatment

because it holds the keys to an individual's susceptibility as well as the inherited effects

of the chronic miasms. This is why Hahnemann included a complete physical description

of each individual constitution when taking a case history. Some constitutions are thin,

quick and warm, while others are slow, cold and flabby.

The physical characteristics of various constitutions have become associated with

different miasmas and their constitutional remedies. For example, Phosphorus is well

adapted to tall slender, narrow chested, sanguine temperaments that have delicate

eyelashes, soft hair and are deeply affected by the TB miasma. Asteria Rubens, on the

other hand, is more indicated in flabby, chilly, lymphatic constitutions that are affected

by sycosis or the cancer miasm. Each of these constitutions responds to the same stimuli

in a completely different manner which helps to determine their anti-miasmic remedies 9.

Classification of the disease

Classification of diseases from all points of view is impossible in the very

nature of things concerned herein. Disturbed functions do not necessarily always hold

pace with the morphological changes in the human organism and vice versa. Efforts have

been made to describe symptom complexes corresponding to the anatomical-pathological

changes, but this too has proved unsatisfactory, as in very rare typical cases do the

clinical diagnosis and the autopsy findings fully coincide. It is well-know of the end


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results of diseases where as the symptoms are the expression of the progress of diseases

to bring about a classification which would make pathology and clinic absolutely

coincide and this is especially true of all were chronic progressive affections.

Hahnemann`s views concerning this problem were best put forward in

the sections 39-61 of the first of Organon, which were by Secs. 72-82 of the edition of

Organon. Though Hahnemann`s views regarding naming and classification of disease

underwent considerable modifications(by the time he published the 5th edition of

Organon) his adverse criticisms as regards the of the Nosology followed and followed

and advocated by orthodox school, still holds good; he remained a strict individualist in

case of treating patients. So Hahnemann comes to the conclusion that since nature herself

produces of individual kind, no rational medical art can which does not strictly

individualize each case of diseases, that is, which does not regard each of disease as

distinct and unique, which in truth it is.

During Hahnemann`s time the causes of disease were known to include

1) Mechanical factors

Traumatic agencies, eg., lesions, injuries, destruction of

tissues resulting from physical force, etc.

2) Chemical Factors

Destructive actions of certain chemical poisons, eg., Arsenic,

Opium etc

3) Dynamic factors

(a) Mental or physical, atmospheric, thermal, telluric and

climatic;


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(b) Dietetic, hygienic, contagious miasms

The study of pathology supplies and with the knowledge of structures of

organs and tissues, derived from microscopical sections of dead tissue more or less o

modified by fixatives and dyes: and this knowledge is brought to bear on a diseased but

living person by mental process of inference and analogy. There is always room for

uncertainty and probability in such procedures which Hahnemann wanted to obviate. This

is why he, at last, took recourse to clinical classification of diseases and attempted to

justify his schemes by etiological considerations. His system is perfected by the

acceptance of the schema of Nature, i.e., unity in diversity. Clinically he divided the

entire dynamic attached to these terms by him.

The diseases are broadly classified into three

1) Indispositions.

2) Surgical diseases.

3) Non-surgical diseases.

Indispositions

Dr James Tyler Kent describes indispositions as there areapparent

diseases, which are not diseases, but the disturbed states that may be called

Indispositions. The indispositions are not there real diseases but the altered states. In

such state patients doesnt require a medicine to recover. Indispositions from external

causes mimic the miasma, i.e., their group of symptoms is an imitation of miasmatic

manifestations, but the removal of the external cause is likely to restore the patient health.

Business failures, depressing tribulations, unrequited affection producing suffering in


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young girls, are apparent cause of disease, but in reality they are only the exciting causes

of indispositions.

To illustrate ,if a man has disordered his stomach it will right itself on

his ceasing to abuse it ;but ,if the trouble seems somewhat prolonged , a dose of medicine

, like Nux Vomica or whatever remedy is indicated, will help the stomach to right itself

,and so long as he lives in an orderly way he will cease to feel this indisposition.

If a patient complain of one or more trivial symptoms that have been

only observed a short time previously, that physician should not regard this as a fully

developed disease that requires serious medical aid. A slight alteration in the diet and

regimen will usually suffice to dispel such an indisposition.

By indisposition Hahnemann means a slight alteration of health

manifested by one or more trivial symptoms, which a slight alteration in the diet and

regimen will usually suffice to dispel. A true disease has a period of prodrome, period of

progress and decline or no decline, but in indisposition we do find prodrome but no

progress unless the error is continued. In cases of disease proper, the vital force cannot

adjust itself automatically, even with adequate hygienic and dietetic measures, but

requires a specific stimulus in the form of drug or drugs for the restoration of health

Indisposition is the state of body and mind of an individual in which

the present morbid signs and symptoms due to errors in diet, evil habits, over-exertion,

etc.


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Surgical diseases

There are number of diseases which cant be treated only by internal

medicine but requires surgical innovations. In cases of injuries occurring to the body

from without, the treatment of such diseases is relegated to surgery; but this is right only

so far as the affected parts require mechanical aid, whereby the external obstacles to cure,

which can only be expected to take place by the agency of vital force may be removed by

mechanical means. But in when such injuries the whole living organism requires, as it

always does, active dynamic aid to put it in a position to accomplish the work of healing

the services of the dynamic physician and homoeopathy comes into requisition.

Non-Surgical diseases or Dynamic diseases

This is further classified into

1) Acute diseases

2) Chronic diseases

Chronic disease

Some patients apparently down with acute disease did not improve under

treatment beyond a particular point and always displayed a tendency to relapse. There

are diseases of such a character that, with small, often imperceptible beginnings ,

dynamically derange the living organism, each in its peculiar manner, and cause it

gradually to deviate from the healthy condition, in such a way that the automatic life

energy, called vital force , whose office is to preserve the health , only opposes to them at

the commencement and during their progress imperfect, unsuitable, useless resistance,


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but is unable of itself to extinguish them, but must helplessly suffer itself to be ever more

and more abnormally deranged , until at length the organism is destroyed; these are

termed chronic diseases(72) . They are caused by dynamic infection with a chronic

miasma.

Chronic diseases are further classified into

1) Artificial chronic disease

2) Pseudo chronic disease

3) True chronic disease or Miasmatic chronic disease

Artificial chronic disease

These are inroads on human health affected by the allopathic non-healing

art (more particularly in recent times) are of all chronic diseases the most deplorable, the

most incurable; and I regret to add that it is apparently impossible to discover or hit upon

any remedies for their cure when they have reached any considerable height.(75)

Hahnemann was the first physician who studied the actions of drugs on

living organisms from a synthetic outlook. He was the first to proclaim that drugs like

natural morbific agents produce diseases. So he was the first to notice the origin and

maintenance of chronic diseases produced by the prolonged use of active drugs in large

doses during the allopathic treatment of patients. The result may be two fold:

1. The vital energy may be weakened to a dangerous extent leading to the

death of patient.

OR


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2. If the vital energy be not completely over-powered, it is gradually

deranged in such a way that gross structural and permanent functional

changes are produced in the living body in order to preserve the organism

from the complete destruction of life by the ever-renewed, hostile

assaults of such destructive drug forces

Pseudo chronic disease

Those diseases which are inappropriately named chronic diseases which

persons incur who expose themselves continually to avoidable noxious influences, who

are in the habit of indulging in injurious liquors or aliments, are addicted o dissipation of

many kinds which undermine the health, who undergo prolonged abstinence from things

which are necessary for the support of life, who reside in unhealthy localities, especially

in marshy districts, who are housed in cellars or other confined dwellings, who are

deprived of exercise or of open air, who ruin their health by over exertion of body or

mind, who live in a constant state of worry, etc. These states of ill-health, which persons

bring upon themselves disappear spontaneously, provided no chronic miasm lurks in the

body, under an improved mode of living, and they cannot be called True chronic

disease(77).

True chronic disease

True natural chronic diseases are those that arise from a chronic miasm,

which when left to themselves, and unchecked by the employment of those remedies that

are specific for them, always go on increasing and growing worse, notwithstanding the


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best mental and corporeal regimen, and torment the patient to the end of his life with ever

aggravated sufferings.(78)

The true chronic diseases can be further classified into two mainly

i) Single diseases

1) Non-venereal diseases

a) Psora

2) Venereal diseases

b) Sycosis

c) Syphilis

ii) Compound disease

a) Psoric-Sycotic

b) Psoric-syphilitic

c) Syco-syphilitic

d) Psoric-syco-syphilitic

Other than these there are chronic diseases which are of miasmatic origin

still not having a complete picture, but diseases with few symptoms. Such diseases are

called one sided diseases. The only disease that seem to have but few symptoms, and on

that account to be less amenable to cure, are those which may be termed one sided,

because they display only one or two principle symptoms which obscure almost all the

others. They belong chiefly to the class of chronic diseases. (173)


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Acute Diseases

Acute diseases are because of the joint venture of acute miasm and

chronic miasm. The acute disease manifests prominent symptoms which can be expressed

by the patient accurately due to recent occurrence and the physician usually feels no

difficulty in selection of homoeopathic medicine. Acute miasms are of two types Non-

recurring type, those acute miasms which appear once in a life time and makes the patient

immune to similar attacks eg, measles, mumps, chicken pox..etc., and recurring type ,

those acute miasms which recur in the same manner more than once in a life time of a

particular person e.g., cholera, yellow feveretc. Acute miasms are nothing but micro-

organisms. They invade the human body suddenly and violently but persists for a limited

period of time .During their course, they may kill the patient or may be killed themselves,

being overpowered finally by the defensive mechanism of the body.

1. An apparently healthy person may suddenly be affected by an

acute disease because of his or her inherent or acquired hyper susceptibility

towards the same created by Psora.

The disease to which man is liable is either rapid morbid process of

abnormally deranged vital force, which has a tendency to finish their course more or less

quickly, but always in a moderate time- these are termed acute diseases.( 71)

Acute diseases can be further classified into

i) Acute individual disease

ii) Acute sporadic disease


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iii) Acute epidemic disease

Acute individual diseases

As regards to acute diseases, they are either of such a kind as attack

human beings individually, the exciting cause being injurious influences to which they

were particularly exposed. Excess in food, or an insufficient supply of it, severe physical

impressions, chills, over-heating, dissipation, strains, etc., or physical irritations, mental

emotions, and like are exciting causes of such acute febrile affections; in reallit, however,

they are generally only a transient explosion of latent Psora, which spontaneously

returns to its dormant state if the acute diseases were not too violent a character and were

soon quelled. (73)

Acute sporadic diseases

They are such a kind as attack several persons at the same time, here and

there (Sporadically), by means of meteoric or telluric influences and injurious agents, the

susceptibility for being morbidly affected by which is possessed by only a few persons at

one time. (73)

Acute epidemic diseases

These are those diseases in which many persons are attacked with very

similar sufferings from same cause (epidemically); these diseases generally becomes

infectious (contagious) when they prevail among thickly congregated masses of human

beings.(74)


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LATENT PSORA AND ACUTE DISEASE

It is a state where Psora is sleeping or dormant, producing no active symptoms,

the person may be declared as apparently healthy but by any exciting cause it may flare

up producing acute symptoms 13, 12, 10.

Besides the manifestations of the acute diseases, which are all directly traceable to

the eruptions of psora, the vital energy often places the Psoric poison in a latent state,

where it may lie for a long period, sometimes for years, without manifesting much

disturbance, except that the observant physician may read its peculiar characteristics,

even in that latent state, and even though the patient is not disturbed to any degree.

During this latent state it requires only a slight shock to the vital energy to bring

this miasm, or stigma, to the fore and make its presence actively manifest in an acute

disturbance. This acute manifestation may be due to any one of many different causes; it

may be due to an accident, to an exposure, or to any other seemingly slight cause; but

whatever the direct cause of the acute manifestation, it will show the poisonous effects of

the stigma, and it is well for the physician to be conversant with the characteristic of the

latent state so that he may cure the underlying dyscrasia in the latent condition and thus

head off the acute manifestations, thus protecting the resistant power of the vital energy

against the sudden strain and helping to eradicate the Psoric poison 10, 27

Disturbance located in the central life mechanism which is manifested through

perceptible sensorial and functional changes of the organism as a whole. Here, nosology

fails to be applied as the symptoms do not refer to any particular organ or the tissue and

the man, though showing deviations from the healthy state is not termed as specifically

diseased13.


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A prescription is the written statement of the suggestion of a remedy. As far as

homoeopathic system of medicine is concerned, a prescription should aim at the patient

and his individual reaction to the disease. But there are practical difficulties in obtaining a

totality of symptoms. The immediate cause of the present illness if determinable or its

exciting factor will be a great aid in the administration of the remedy. This Hahnemann

teaches in aphorism 5 and in footnote of aphorism 2061

Etiology has been defined as a study or theory of the causation of any disease: the

sum total of the knowledge regarding causes. Etiology does not concern itself with

synthesis of causative factors in the pathogenesis of a disease to enable an observer to

form a comprehensive picture of the development of the disease in all its stages.

The knowledge of etiology depends necessarily on the understanding of the various

physical and biological phenomena that man has observed in nature.

Hahnemann was always at great pains to emphasize the importance of the causative

factors in the environment - both physical and emotional - which could be held

responsible for the development of illnesses. He advises the physician to remove the

cause first whenever it is feasible. But at the same time he cautioned the physician against

the dangers of armchair theorizing and speculating on the ultimate cause or mechanism of

disease. He cautions the true homoeopathic physician to remove all obstacles to cure

before proceeding with the administration of the similar remedy.

In a case, the causative factors form the core of the image of the patient in his illness.

Their identification or the incorporation in the image is therefore imperative if the

prescription is to prove homoeopathic and hence curative, The Physician should first try

to elicit the evident cause and course of the sickness, to which he will add all the things,


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which now seems to interfere with the sufferer's comfort, It is self evident truth that the

cause of the disease or the symptoms representing the cause, are most important as

indications for treatment.

Almost all diseases have relations of some kind to the various accidents and

conditions of ordinary life. Their symptoms are made worse or better by heat or cold, rest

or motion, by night or by day, or other circumstances or conditions. Many remedies are

related to the effects of certain conditions. This is not just the same thing as aggravation,

though allied to it and sometimes identical with it. For instance Arnica removes morbid

conditions (apart of course from surgical injuries such as broken bones) caused by falls;

Ruta relieves the effects of bruised bones. It is not correct in either case to describe these

as aggravations.29, 28

Although causations and aggravations are not the same, they are closely allied.

Rhus tox is related to the effects of damp weather, and appears in the list of remedies

having this causation, but it also having this causation, but it also has its symptoms, when

not caused by damp, aggravated in a supreme degree by conditions of damp. Therefore

the prescriber who uses this list of causes as a rough list of aggravations also will not go

far wrong and may find no little help from it in some of his cases.

It should be noted that all curable diseases created by these causes could be removed, or

greatly modified, by correct homoeopathic treatment. In simple or acute cases, the correct

remedy produces almost an instantaneous effect. A demonstration of this rapid action will

be seen when arnica is given for shock and bruising in an accident.


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The external causes or occasional causes embrace everything which, where there

is such an internal disposition to disease may produce disease. As regards acute diseases,

the exciting cause being injurious influences to which they were particularly exposed.

Excess of food or an insufficient supply of it, severe physical impressions, chills,

overheating, dissipation, strains etc... Or physical irritations, mental emotions, and the

like are exciting causes of such acute febrile affections; in reality, however, they are only

a transient explosion of latent psora, which spontaneously return to their dormant state if

the acute diseases were not of too violent a character and were soon quelled20, 30, 16

It is stated in the second paragraph of the Organon that The highest ideal of a

cure is rapid, gentle and permanent restoration of the health, or removal and

annihilation of the disease in its whole extent, in the shortest, most reliable and most

harmless way, on easily comprehensible principles.

There are three distinct points involved in this paragraph and these must be

brought out. Restoring health, and not the removing of symptoms, is the first point.

Restoring health has in view the establishment of order in a sick human being;

removing symptoms has to in view a human being; removing the constipation,

the hemorrhoids, the white swelling of the knew, the skin disease or any local

manifestation or particular sign of disease, or even the removal of a group of symptoms,

does not have in view the restoration to health of the whole economy of man. If the

removal of symptoms is not followed by a restoration to health, it cannot be called a cure.

We learned in our last study that "the sole duty of the physician is to heal the sick," and

therefore it is not his duty merely to remove the symptoms, to change the aspect of the


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symptoms, the appearance of the disease image, imagining that he has thereby

established order.

How different his actions would be if he but considered that every violent

change which he produces in the aspect of the disease aggravates the interior nature of

the disease aggravates the sickness of the man and brings about an increase of suffering

within him. The patient should be able to realize by his feelings and continue to say,

that he is being restored to health, whenever a symptom is removed. There should

be a corresponding inward improvement whenever an outward symptom has been

caused to disappear, and this will be true whenever disease has been displaced by order.

The perfection of a cure consists, then, first in restoring health, and this is to be

done promptly, mildly and permanently, which is the second point. The cure must be

quick or speedy, it must be gentle, and it must be continuous or permanent. Whenever an

outward symptom has been caused to disappear by violence as by cathartics to remove

constipation, it cannot be called mild or permanent, even if it is prompt.

Whenever violent drugs are resorted to there is nothing mild in the action or the

reaction that must follow. At the time this second paragraph of the Organon was written

psyching was not so mild as at the present day; blood-letting, sweating, etc. were in

vogue at the time Hahnemann wrote these lines.

Medicine has changed some what in its appearance; physicians are now using

sugar-coated pills and contriving to make medicines appear tasteless or tasteful; they

are using concentrated alkaloids. But none of these things have been done because of

the discovery of any principle; blood-letting and sweating were not abandoned on

account of principle, or the old men depreciate their disuse, and often say they hope


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the time will come when they can again go back to the lancet. But the drugs of today

are ten times more powerful than those formerly used, because more concentrated. The

cocaine, sulphonal and numerous other modern concentrated products of the

manufacturing chemists are extremely dangerous and their real action and reaction

unknown.

The chemical discoveries, of petroleum have opened a field of destruction to

human intelligence, to the understanding and to the will, because these products are

slowly and insidiously violent. When drugs were used that were instantly dangerous

and violent the action was manifest, it showed upon the surface, and the common people

saw it. But the patient of the present day goes through more dangerous drugging,

because it destroys the mind 10, 31, 32.

CASE TAKING IN ACUTE DISEASES:

If the case is not well taken, the remedy gets ill-selected; in the absence of the

correct remedy, the patients cure will not be in sight. If the patient does not get well, there

is alround failure of both the patient and the physician. Therefore, a well taken case is

much more than half the battle won.

How can we make sure of taking the case well? Firstly by following a

systematic procedure which automatically takes care of the entire essential points, and

secondly, by making it a habit to follow that procedure, so that the best results are

achieved smoothly and quickly.

Unless we elicit all the essential information about the patient required in

selecting the remedy, the time spent in case taking will be fruitless. It is said that the eyes


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do not see what the mind does not know. Now, as our mind knows what we want our

eyes and ears will be alert to catch everything relevant when taking the case.

The case-taking, the basis for the Homoeopathic prescription, in acute disease

must confine itself to the acute state only and not go into the constitutional state of the

patient. The objective symptoms and signs, mental restlessness or apathy, unusual

irritability or torpidity, the nature of thirst or thirstlessness, the reaction to temperature,

the causation of the acute attack, the time onset or aggravation and the concomitants such

as constipation or diarrhoea, delirium, etc. will suffice as guides to the similimum 24.

Kent says in his lectures on homoeopathic philosophy: A chronic patient may be

suffering from an acute disease and the physician on being called may think that it is

necessary to take the totality of the symptoms; but if he should do that in an acute

disease, mixing both chronic and acute symptoms together, he will become confused and

will not find the right remedy. The two things must be separated and the appearance of

the acute miasm must be prescribed for. The chronic symptoms will not, of course, be

present when the acute miasm is running, because the latter suppresses or suspends the

chronic symptoms, but the diligent physician, not knowing this is so, might wrongly

gather together the symptoms that the patient has had in a life.The symptoms of the

acute attack are separate by themselves. What are called sequelae of diseases are not due

to the disease itself, but to a prior state of the patient. A Psoric disorder may come up

after acute diseases must be treated as psora. These sequelae are Psoric and crop out at

the weakest time, which is the convalescent period. The better the acute disease is treated,

the less likely will there be any sequelae .. But you cannot prescribe an antipsoric in


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order to prevent sequelae following the fever, while it prevails. Prescribe first for the

attack, and the symptoms that belong to it.

Causation which may be described as never well since These are remote causes,

and Allen gives a number of them under different remedies in his key notes and

characteristics. Another description of these causes is , bad effects of .Dr S P Koppikar

says, early in my practice, I discovered that if I treated the cause ( especially in acute

diseases) , 90% of the trouble would be knocked off. For example, fevers like flu. Just

find out how the illness started, or what the exciting cause was. If it followed a

drenching, especially when over heated, Rhus tox, cut it short; if after infected food or

drink etc., Arsenicum album or pyrogen; if after exposure to summer heat, or dry cold ,

Aconite ; drinking ice water on a hot summer day, Bellis or Bryonia; after swimming ,

Antim- c and so on. Thus I realized that if I had ready on hand about forty or fifty

etiologically useful remedies, I could tackle most of the acute diseases straightaway. I

had to prescribe for about 50 to 80 patients in two hours and it was a surprise to me that

every time I prescribed on etiological ground the case got well much quicker.

Application of art of etiology in everyday practice S P Koppikar explains, it is one

thing to admire great art, quite another to use it. Let me remind you that an artistic

prescription is one where the given picture of the case is almost not the indication for the

prescription and also, the selected remedy may not contain the present trouble of the

patient prominently, so far as is known33.

Case-taking for an acute disease will be easier because the symptoms will be fresh

in the patients memory and still new and striking. Often you will not have a never well

since or mental/ emotional symptoms in acute cases. When you do, however, remember


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that they rank higher than the physical symptoms. Here are some examples of etiologies

which are so typical for acute events that they almost certainly point to a particular

remedy.25

A finger smashed in a car door : Hypericum

A hangover from too much beer: Nux vomica

Overstraining from lifting heavy furniture: Rhus tox, Calcarea

Exposure to northeast wind : Aconite

Becoming chilled while wet e.g. from perspiration: Rhus tox.

Being struck by lightning: Phosphorus16.

Management of acute disease

The acute diseases come on sometimes with sufficient violence to cause

death to a patient. It comes like a storm, stays for a longer or a shorter period and goes

away like a storm. Either the person recovers or dies. It is cured even without medicine,

but that does not mean that we should not give medicine. We give medicines to,

2. Avoid death

3. Avoid complications

4. Shorten the duration of the disease

5. Restore the health.1,7, 22

The tissue changes in the acute condition are due to and resultant of flaring up of the

disease under the subjugated condition of the vital force. Here the disease force when it


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The first level of homeopathic treatment is very individual and is known as

acute. This is appropriate when the situation demands fairly rapid treatment. An acute

episode is generally triggered by circumstances, such as getting cold, an emotional shock

or upset, an accident, eating unwisely etc. It is generally self-limiting i.e. there is a

trigger, symptoms are produced, a crisis (peak) is reached and then recovery occurs over

a period of time, or in some severe cases death. Treatment is not always needed and will

depend on the severity of the symptoms. Sometimes this acute is a one-off occurrence

and never recurs.

However sometimes someone may suffer periodic headaches or repeated

bouts of flu or such like, or they may have a tendency to injure themselves. When these

apparent acutes are repeated, it is then necessary to take a wider view and look at what is

lying underneath. In homeopathic terms this person has `susceptibility (tendency) to

produce these symptoms because of a deeper level of underlying illness which is termed

chronic34

In acute diseases, the medicine which covers the peculiar, the uncommon,

singular and characteristic disease symptoms and patients symptoms in the greatest

number and in the greatest similarity, this medicine is the most appropriate

Homoeopathic specific remedy for the morbid state and will remove and extinguish the

disease, if it is not of very long standing by its first dose within the first hour or the first

few hours without any considerable disturbance. In short , in matching a natural disease

picture with a drug picture it is the differentiating factor , in each case , which has got to

be matched to find the remedy most similar to the patients condition for gentle, reliable ,


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harmless, and permanent cure. The differentiating factors are referred to Dr Hahnemann

as singular, uncommon, striking and peculiar features of the case. However, if sequela

develops, the case needs miasmatic remedy.

DEFINITION OF ETIOLOGY

Etiology has been defined as a study or theory of the causation of any disease: the

sum-total of knowledge regarding causes. Etiology does not concern itself' merely with

the enumeration and identification of causative factors of a disease. Etiology properly

concerns itself with the synthesis of causative factors in the pathogenesis of a disease to

enable an observer to form a comprehensive picture of the development of the disease in

all its stages. It is obvious that the type of treatment will be determined entirely by the

prevalent notions about the nature and origin of disease. A study of the changing

concepts of disease through the ages, therefore, will be of fundamental importance to a

student of therapeutics.

The Importance of Etiology

Since the dawn of medical history there has been a constant search for the causes

of the acute and chronic diseases that afflict humanity. This quest was greatly advanced

when the ancient Greek physician, Hippocrates, taught that all diseases were caused by

the predisposition inherent in the innate constitution and its susceptibility to a

constellation of causation rather than to any one single effect. In the Greek philosophy,

disease is caused by an interdependent set of circumstances disrupting the natural ebb and

flow of the pneuma (vital force) within the organism. In the Organon, Samuel

Hahnemann separated the origin of disease into two categories, the exciting and


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fundamental causes; each of these he related to the susceptibility of the physical

constitution ( 5).

REPERTORY OF CAUSATION BY CLARKE

Almost all remedies have relations of some kind to the various accidents and

conditions of ordinary life. Their symptoms are made worse or better by heat or cold, rest

or motion, by night or by day, or other circumstances or conditions. Many remedies are

related to the effects of certain conditions. This is not just the same thing as aggravation,

though allied to it and sometimes identical with it. For instance, Arnica removes .morbid

conditions (apart, of course, from surgical injuries such as broken bones) caused by falls;

Ruta relieves the effects of bruised bones. It is not correct in either case to describe these

as aggravations, and therefore I thought well to arrange such relationships under a

separate heading in the Dictionary. These I have now indexed, and repertorised, in the

subjoined list.

Although Causation and Aggravation are not the same, they are closely allied.

Rhus is related to the effects of damp weather, and appears in the list of remedies having

this Causation; but it also has its symptoms, when not caused by damp, aggravated in a

supreme degree by conditions of damp. Therefore the prescriber who uses this list of

CAUSES as a rough list of Aggravations also will not go far wrong, and may find no

little help from it in some of his cases.

Abdominal Operations.Bis

Acid Food.Na. m


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Air, Cold.Camp

Draught of.Cd. s., Lach

Draught of, cold, when perspiring.Mr. i. f.

Draught of.Cd. s., Lach

Hot, inhaled from Fire.Cb. v.

Air, Bnowy.Con., Sep

Alcohol(Ara.), Aur.,Bry., Cab., Cd. s., Cb. v., Chi., Crt. h., Dig., Gel., lach., Led.,

Lo.i , Nux. m., Nux v., Opi. Rn. b., Sel, Sep., Strp. Sul, Ter., Ver. (See also Beer;

Liquors; Wines,)

Alcoholism.Aga. Ars

Anger.Alm. Arn. Bry, Cham. Chi. Coc. I., Col., Gel, K. br., Lach. Lyco. Mez. Nat s

Nux, Opi, Phos. Sep., Stap

- Effects of- Ant t, Aur.

- Slightest- Rhus.

- Slightest fit of Ran b.

- Suppressed or reserved- Aur, Ip, Stap.

- Anxiety.Act. r., Lyc, Smb.n.

Apprehension.Ag. n

Arms, raising.Sul. a

Raising high to lift things.Rhus t.

Ascending Ca. p.

August hay fever of Cep

Autumn (epidemics of spasmodic cough) Cep. (Affections in general) K bich.


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Bad Beer,Nux. m

Eggs. -Cb. v.

Fat (rancid).(Ars), (Cb.v.)

Fish.Cb. a., Cb v. Cep

Food.Cb. v.

Liquors.Cb. v

Lobster Salad.-(Ars.)

News, hearing.Aln, Aps., Art. v., Ca. p., Gel, Ph. a, Trn

Smells.(Bap.)Kre

Vegetables.Cb. a

Water, drinking.All, Crt. h

Wines.Cb. v

Bathing, Cold.Mag. p., Phst

Fresh or Salt Water, in.Rhus t

Sea.Ars. Mag m

Bed sores.Sul. Val

Beer.(morning vomiting, Cup.), K. bi, (headache) Rhus t., Thu.

Bad.Nx. m

Bee-stings.--Urt.

Bereavement.Plat.

Bites.Hyp., Led.

Snake-bites.Lo. p., PInt

Bitter Foods.-.-Na. p.


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Blood-letting.-Se. a., Scil.

Blood-poisoning.Aga.,Lo.p.,Pyro.

Blows.Con., Hel., K. rn., K. ph., Mag. c., Phst., Pso., Sep., SuL,

Symt., Urt.

Head, on.Art. v., Mrl.

Bones, Injuries to.Hec., Rut., Symt.

Boots, Tight.Paeo.

Brain, Concussion of.Su. x.

Overworked.----Cu. a.

Bread.Na. m., Zng.

Bruises.(Arn.), Led., Li. c., Paeo., Pint., Rut., Su. x.

Burns.(or scalds) Caus., K. m., Pint., Urt.

Business Embarrassments.Act r., K. br.

Losses.K. br.

Butter..Cb. v.

Cabbage.Pet.

Camp Life.Mlr.

Care.Ars.

Carriage, Riding in.Lyo., Pet.

Carrying Heavy Weights. Rut.

Catheterism.Mag. p.

Caustic, Lunar.Na. m.

Chafing.Su. x.


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Wind.Bry., Cd. s., Mag. p.

Wind, driving in.Sg. n.

Contradiction, Effects ofAur.

Contusions._con., (enlarged testicle) Var.

Coryza, Suppressed.Chi.

Cuts.K.m., Plnt., (clean..cut wounds) Stp:

Damp..Cac., Plg.

Cellars.Ter.

Cold weather._(or warm) Gel., Lth., Mr. i. f.

Cold winds and weather, effects of exposure to.CaIc., Cep.

Cold, with.Dul, Phyt.

Sheets.Rhs.

Warm Weather.Cb. v.

WeatherGel, Lth., Sin. n., Syph.

Weather, warm or cold.Gel.

Debauchery -.Cb. v., Nux, Sel.

Decayed Vegetables, Eating.Cb. a.

Dentition.__Cham,Mag c., Mag. p., Rhe., Stn., Stp.

Deranged internal Functiong.K. m

Depressing Emotions.Gel.

Diet, Errors in.Dio., Mag. c.

Mixed.pul.

Poor,Ars.


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Disappointed Love.Act.. r., Ant. .c., Aur., Cac., Ca. p., Hel, Ign., lod., Lach., Ph. x.,

Trn., Ver.

Disappointments,- Na. m, Alm.

Discharges, suppressed.Bry., Led., Vi. o.

Dislocations.Pso., Rhe.

Displeasure, Reserved.Aur., Ipc., Stp.

Dissecting Wounds.Pyro. ..-

Distress, MentalMag. c. ...

Disturbance, EmotionalK. br.

Dog-bites.--Hfb.

Draught of air.Cd. s., Lach.

Cold,when perspiring.Mr.I. F......

Drenching Rains, Exposure to.Pho.

Drinks, Cold, when overheated.Bls., Na. c.

Drinking Ice-water.Cb.v..Rhs.

MiIk,cold.K i. ,

Driving in Cold Wind.Sg. n.

Drunkenness.Aga., Ars.

Dry, Cold Winds.Aco., Hep.

Early Rising.Mth. pi.

Eating.Cb. a.

Excess in.All, Ant. C., Bry., Dio., Na.rn.

Fish, spoiled.Cb. a., Cb. v., Cep.


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Fruit.Rho.

Fruit, unripe.Rhe.

Prunes.--.Rhe.

VealK. n.

Vegetables, decayed.Cb. a.

See also Bad Eggs, .; Butter; Cabbage; Cheese: ice

Fat; Food; Onions; Pastry; Pork; Poultry; Rice; Sausages; Sugar; Sweets.

Effluvia, Noxious.Crt. h.

Eggs, Bad.Cb. v.

Electric Shook.Mor.

States of atmosphere.Na. c.

Embarrassments, Business.K. br.

Emissions.Stp.

Emotional Disturbance.K. br.

Emotions.(Fer.), Phst., Pso., Stn.

Depressing.Gel.

Pleasurable, effects of.Cof.

Strong..Pho.

Sudden, effects of, especially pleasurable ones.Cof.

Errors in Diet.Dio.

Eruptions, Checked, Repelled, or Suppressed.Ana.., Ant. c., Aps., Bry., (Calc., Cam.

Caus., Cu. a., Dul., Hep., Ipc., Nux. m., Pet., Pb. Pso., (asthma) Ptl, (milk crust, nervous

paroxysms following Vi t, Zin.


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Examinations.Ana;.

Exanthema, Checked.Hel

Suppreseed.Ver.

Excess.See Debauchery; Eating; Sexual; and Yenery.

Excitement.(Ag. n.), Con., Scu.

MentalAga., (headache) Cod;, Sac. I.

Nervous. Arm.

Sexual, indulged in or .suppressed.K. ph.

Unusual, as going on a visit.Eps.

See also )Mental Excitement .

Exertion.-Sel

Bodily-Alm.

MentalNu. m., Pho., Pi. x., Sbd., (tremulousness and starting) Vin.

Unusual, as doing a days shopping.Eps.

Exposure.Klm.,Sg n.

Cold, to-Phyt.

Damp to- Phyt

Drenching rains, toPho.

Eyes, Injuries to.Symt.

Operations on.Aln.

Over-exertion or Strain ofOnos., Rut., (Sul.).

Failure Business.Act. r.

Falls.Lc. c., Li. c., Sep., Sti., Stp., Sul., Su. x., Symt,, Tel., Ter., Trn.


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Height, from. Mill.

Fasting.Dio.

Fat.(Cb. v.), (Ipc.), Na. m., Pul.

Food.Cb. v., Na. m., Na. p., Pul.

Meat,Thu.

Pork.Sep.

Rancid.(Ars.), (Cb. v.).

Fatigue.Act. s., Cai., (headache) Cod., Cof., Fe. pi., Pi. x., Sac. 1. (See also Journeys,

Long; Over-exertion, )

Fear.Aco., Ag. n., Cof., Glon., Gph., Lyc., Opi., Pho. (see also Fright.)

Feeding, Injudicious.Dio., Mag. c.

Feet ,wetting- _Cep., Lo. i. Pul., Xan,

Fevers.Lyc.

First, Heat of.Glo

Hot air inhaled from.Cb. v.

Fish, Bad.Cb. a., Cb. v., Cep.

Fistula, Operation for.Ca. p.

Flow, Haemorrhoidal, suppressed.Lcs.

Flowers.(fainting) Pho.

Fluids, Loss of.Calc., Cb. a., Chi., Na. m., Ph. x., Pho., Sel., Sil. (Sul.).

Food, Acid.Na.m.

Bad.Cb. v. (See also Bad Eggs, Ak.)


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Bitter.Na. p.

Fat.Cb. v., Na. m., Na. p., Pu].

Indigestible..-Ipc.

Rich.K, m.

Salt.Cb. v

Foot-sweat, Checked or suppressed.Arm., Ba. c., For., Merc, Ol. a., Si. x. (See also

Suppressions.)

Foreign Bodies.Lo. i, Sil.

Fractures.Rut.. Symt.

Fresh or Salt Water, Bathing in.Rhs.

Fright.Aco., Act. r., Act. s., Aga., Aps., Ag. n., Arn., Ars., Art. v., (effects of) Aur.,Au.

m., Bry., Calc., Coc.i., Coff., Crt.h Cup., Gel., Glon., Hyp., Ign., K. br., Lach., Lau., Lyc.,

Merc., Na. m., Nux m. , Opi., Plat., Sabd, Smb. n., Stm., Stn., Ver.,

Zin. (See also Fear.) Frost.Aga., Zic.

Fruit.Ars., Rho.

Melons.Zng.

Prunes.Rhe.

Unripe.Rhe.

Functions, Deranged InternalK. m.

Gas.Pho.

Gaslight.Na. e.

Gleet, Repeated Attacks of.Agn.

Gluttony.All., Ant. c. Bry., Dio., Nux. m.


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Gonorrhcea, Badly treated, or suppressed.Thu.

Repeated attacks of.Agn.

Suppressed.Merc., Na. s.

Grief.Aps., Ars., Art. v., Aur., Ca. p., Caus., Cich., Col., Con., Gph., Ign., Lath., Lo. s.,

Naj., Ph. x,, Pho., Phst, Smb. n., Zin.

Hair-cutting.Bel., Led., Pho.

Head, Blow on.Art. v., Mrl.

injury to.Na m., (fall) Na. s.

Wet, getting.Bel, Rhs.

Mechanical.Arn., Fe. p., K. ph. (See also Wounds.)

Nerve, to.(Hyp.), (of tooth) .Men., Xan

Periosteum, to.Symt

Shock, from.Cam., Ver.

Slightest.(spasms) Val.

Spinal, old.Ign.

Spine, lower, to.Calc.

Tetanus, likely to cause.Teu.

lnfulenza.Scu.

lntemperate Habits.Ag. n. (See also Alcohol; Beer; Debauchery; Drunkenness;

Liquors.)

Internal Functions, Deranged.K. m.

Iodide of Potassium.Aur.


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Iodine.Ars.

Jar.Sep.

Jarring.Glo., Snc.

Jealousy.Aps., Hyo., Ign., Lach.

Journeys, Long.Cof.

Joy, Sudden.Opi.. (See also Emotions. Pleasurable.)

Iabour, MentalPso.

Pain.Cham., ( nervous agitation) Scu.

Passion, Fit of.Ars., Mag. c., Na. m., Plat.

Pastry.Pul.

Periosteum, Injuries to.Symt.

Perspiration Checked.Caj., Clch., Dul.

Checked, on a. warm summers day.Fe. p.

Cold Draught during.Mr. i. f.

Physical or Nervous Overstrain.Eps. Scu.

Sweat.Caj., Calc., Clch., Dul., Fe. p., Na. c.

Suppressions.Cup., Lo i., Lo. s. Par., Stm., Sul, Zin.

Surgical Operations.Aco., Bis., (for fistula) Ca. p., (fine shooting

pains after) Cep., Ph. x., Stp., Su. x., Zin. (See also Operations.)

Swallowing.( pain in r. scapula, Caus.)

Sweat, Suppression of.(feet) Arm., (feet) Ba. c., Caj, Calc., Clch, Dul., (on a warm

day) Fe. p., (feet) For., Na. c., (feet) Ol. a., (feet) Sl. x. (See also Perspiration.)

Sweets.Thu.


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Tea.Ab. n., Chi., Coc. i., Dio., Lo.i., Pul, Sel., Strp., Thu.

Teeth, Operations on..Aln. (See also Tooth.)

Wisdom, Cutting.Chei, Mag. c.

Temperature, Changes of.Na. c.,Rn. b.

Thinking.(headache) As mt., Sbd.

Thunder, Thunderstorms ,Storms.Gel., Mor., Na. c, Na. p., Nt. s.d., Pho., Pso., Pul.,

Rho., Syph.

Tight Boots.Paeo.

Tobacco.Ab. n., (in boys) Ag. n., Ars., Ch. ar., Lo. i., (chewing) Lyc., (amblyopia)

Pho., (heart) Scu., (neuralgia) Sep., Spi., Stp., Strp., Thu., Ver.

Tooth, Broken in, injuries to nerves.Men.

Extraction.Ter. (See also Teeth.)

Travelling.Coc.i . (See also Riding.)

by Sea.Ars., Pet., Ther.

Typhoid Fever.(remote effects of) Pyro.

Unpleasant News.Ca. p. (Sec also Bad News.)

Unrequited Love.Ph. x., Trn. (See also Disappointed Love.)

Unripe Fruit.Rhe.

Unusual Excitement or Exertion, as going on a visit, or shopping -- Eps.

Vaccination.(Aps.), K. m., Mld., Mez., Sil., Sko., Thu.

Veal.K. n.

Vegetables, Decayed, Eating.Cb. a.


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Venery.Ag. n., (vaginitis in the female, from, impotence in the male) Arn., Calc. (See

also Sexual Excess.)

Venesection.Se. a., Scil.

Vexation.Ant. t., Aps. Au. m. (jaundice) Au. m. n. Cam., Ipe, Lach., Lyc., Mag. c.,

Pet., Plat., Scro., (and anger) Sep. (See also Chagrin.)

Visit, Going on a.Eps.

Voice, Using.Stn.

Wading.Dul. (See also Water, Chill in the, )

Walking.Sel.

Washing.Dul.

Clothes.(headache) Pho., Ther. (See also Laundry Work.)

Floor.Mer. bin.

Water, Bad, drinking-All. Crt. h.

Chill in the.Ars.

Cold, bathing inMag. p. Phst.

Water, Cold, standing in.Mag. p.

Fresh or salt, bathing in.Rhs.

Ice-water, drinking.Cb. v., Rhs.

Sea, bathing in.Ars., Mag. m.

Working in.(Calc.) (See also Wading.)

Weather, Changes ofCb. v., Mer. bin. Rn. b.

Cold and damp.Cep., Lth, Mer: i. f.

Damp.Sin. n., Syph.


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Damp, warm, or cold.Gel.

Hot.Ant.c , K.bi.

Stormy.Nt. a. d., Pso., Rho. (See also Storms.)

Warm .Lach.

Warm and damp..Cb. v.

Winter.Sg. n.

Weights, Heavy, carrying.Rut

Wet, Getting.Ca.p, Clch., Mlr., Mer. bin., Rho., Sep., Vis., Xan..

Feet.Cep., Lo.i, Pul., Xan.

Head.Bel.

Heated, when.Rhs.

Overheated, when.Bis.

Winds.Klm.

Cold.Bry., Cd. s., Mag. p.

Cold and damp.Cep. -

Cold, driving in.Sg. n.

Cold, dry.Aco., Hep.

Walking in.Bel.

Wines.(Ac.l), Cof., Lyc., Nat. m.


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