Japanese Experiences in Urbanization

& Urban Planning System in Japan

JICA ExpertKenichi WAKAMATSU

23 Aug.2001 Jakarta

Today’s point

Japanese Experiences in Urbanization Outline of Urban Planning System in

Japan Suggestion for Special Planning

System in Indonesia

Japanese Experiences in Urbanization

GDP per capita in Japan

Comprehensive National

Development Plan

Empowering the Private Sector by Concentrating

Public Investments

National Income per capita in Japan

As a result … ⇒ We had several urban problems.

Formation of poor quality urbanized areas without provision for minimum public facilities, that is sprawl

Environmental pollution Traffic congestion,etc

Urbanization Process in Various

Countries

Characteristics of Urbanization in Developing

Countries

Urbanization Speed

Concentration of functions and population in the metropolis, especially in national capitals

Urban Planning Systemin Japan

History of Urban Planning Law

1968 • Detailed Zoning System

End of 19c.

1919

PrimitiveUrban Planning

Old Urban Planning Law

New Urban Planning

Law

• Capital Development

• Covering the urban area in the whole Country• Urban Infrastructure Development

The objectives of the 1968 Law

Enactment of land use plans with legal power Supply of building lots in new urban areas Regulation and guidance of land use through

Land Development Permission System Devolving the regulating powers of Urban

Planning to local governments The introduction of a democratic process of

urban planning

Difference between “Spatial Planning in RI ”and “Urban Planning in Japan”

“Spatial Planning in RI ”deals with all of lands.

“Urban Planning in Japan”deals with only urban and/or its suburb area

Urban Planning Area

Area (thousands-

km2)

Population

(mil.)

Numbers of

City/Town

Total Nation(A) 377 123 3236Urban Planning

Area(B) 95 113 1960

B/A 25.2% 92.2% 60.6%

Group C

Urban Planning Lawand Related Legislation

Urban Facilities Related

Urban Planning Law

・ Comprehensive National Land Development Law・ National Land Utilization Planning Law・ National Capital Region Development Law・ Act for construction of Arterial Motorways 　 for National Land Development

・ Act concerning the development Farming Promotion Areas・ Forest Law・ Land Expropriation Law

・ Building Standard Law・ Act Concerning Harbors Law・ Act Concerning Agricultural 　 Land etc. Reserved in the 　　 Urbanization Promotion Area

・ Land Readjustment Law・ New Residential Built-up Area 　 Development Law・ Urban Renewal Law

Land Use Zoning Related

Urban Development Projects Related ・ Road Law

・ Tramways Law・ River Law・ City Parks Law・ Sewerage Law・ Parking Place Law

Group A Group B

Main Components of

Urban Planning Law

Urban Planning Law

Zoning System

Land Development Permission System

Urban Planning Project

The City Planning Law and Construction Standard law which Components Each Other above 4m width Road Public Facilities Development Added Review System of Development Project Conditions to Develop Projects Project Oriented Planning

Procedure of Urban Planning Approval

Draft Plan Public Review

Urban Planning Council of the Prefectural Gover

nment

Urban PlanningApproval

Public Hearing&

Explanation Meeting

Submission ofConcerned Resident’s

Opinion

Validation of the Minister of

Construction

Coordination with Related

Agencies

Opinions ofthe

Municipality

Urban Planning Council of the Municipality,etc.

Summaries

A scenery ofexplanation meeting

Project Oriented Planning

General In Japan

Project implement Security in a Period of High Urban Development Demands

Planning Organization

Engineering Organization

Project

Planning Section

Engineering

Section

Urban Planning Project

Procedure of Plan Implementation for Urban

Planning Projects

Individual development activities become limited In this phase, neither land purchase nor actual construction takes place.

vested right is given to a developer to purchase land Landowner within a project area shall have the right to inverse possession

Demolition of existing structure for the purpose of implementation becomes possible. Compulsory transfer of real estates rights becomes possible.

Plan Approval (Public Facility Development and/or Urban Development Projects)

Administrative Action to Implement Project

Validation of Project

Suggestion forSpecial Planning System

in Indonesia

We have to separate Urban Planning from Spatial Planning!

Establishment of the concept “Urban Planning”

Spatial Planning

Urban Planning

A chain ofimplementing

flow! (democratic

process)

Plan Approval

Draft PlanCommunity Participation

Project

<Residents> <administration>

Cooperation

(Right)(Duty)

Information(Duty)

Promotion of Projects

(Right)

This system should be stipulated in details by laws.

Project Oriented Planning!

Urban Development Projects should be authorized with legal power.

Urban Development Projects should be included in Spatial Plan.

⇒ Land Consolidation and/or KASIBA would be more and more important.

A democratic and effective method

on Urban Development- Land Consolidation -

Roles of Stakeholders onCollaborative Urban

Development

Residents, Businessperso

ns

Specialists(NGO,

Consultants)

Administration

Support

cooperation

Advise Activities of Collaborative

Urban Development

CommunityParticipation

A scenery of workshop

Future Themes for explanation

Role of Central and Local Government

Urban Development Projects Zoning System District Plan etc.

Thank you for your attention

See you again!