Japan’s Gas Market Security

Gas Market Office,Electricity and Gas Industry Department,Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry

The Japan Gas Association

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'70 '75 '80 '85 '90 '95 '00 '05 '10 '15

[billion m3] [million]

Sales Volume:37.7 billion m³ (FY2016)Customers：30.24 million (FY2016) (right axis)

Residential

Commercial

Industrial

■Breakdown of city gas salesvolume by utilities (FY2016)

37.7Billion ㎥

Tokyo Gas37.7%

Osaka Gas23.3%

Toho Gas10.4%

Saibu Gas2.3%

Source: The Japan Gas Association、“Gas business handbook” (2016) / “Result of city gas sales volume” (2016)

City Gas Sales Volume and Number of Customers

19%

25%

56%

2

Graph1

Tokyo Gas

Osaka Gas

Toho Gas

Saibu Gas

Others

14226597

8786270

3940376

850120

9897648

Sheet1

Tokyo GasOsaka GasToho GasSaibu GasOthers

14,226,5978,786,2703,940,376850,1209,897,648

Graph1

'70'70'70'70

'71'71'71'71

'72'72'72'72

'73'73'73'73

'74'74'74'74

'75'75'75'75

'76'76'76'76

'77'77'77'77

'78'78'78'78

'79'79'79'79

'80'80'80'80

'81'81'81'81

'82'82'82'82

'83'83'83'83

'84'84'84'84

'85'85'85'85

'86'86'86'86

'87'87'87'87

'88'88'88'88

'89'89'89'89

'90'90'90'90

'91'91'91'91

'92'92'92'92

'93'93'93'93

'94'94'94'94

'95'95'95'95

'96'96'96'96

'97'97'97'97

'98'98'98'98

'99'99'99'99

'00'00'00'00

'01'01'01'01

'02'02'02'02

'03'03'03'03

'04'04'04'04

'05'05'05'05

'06'06'06'06

'07'07'07'07

'08'08'08'08

'09'09'09'09

'10'10'10'10

'11'11'11'11

'12'12'12'12

'13'13'13'13

'14'14'14'14

'15'15'15'15

9406733820957'16

家庭用

商業用

工業用

需要家数

2849.9785955734

1115.5533020389

481.0125058229

10371

3167.3733949666

1180.1566870916

499.3689994147

11121

3472.2235042582

1252.4119874345

533.3351011096

11892

3836.0908971465

1370.6981044183

632.4312896406

12687

4232.6589027843

1502.2036764969

808.9189092342

13414

4478.1406098828

1639.1743051325

868.6440916855

13932

4836.7772004634

1771.1565795917

966.8783937125

14505

4963.3811110713

1851.2838833745

964.7410088269

15045

5170.6691988868

1984.3047980793

908.2081914932

15649

5267.2506061801

2022.9392864395

957.3285077818

16250

5600.7744054658

2138.7552943706

1401.7204046774

16766

5817.8407090216

2300.21860704

1584.9397881057

17149

5820.0451977401

2318.2523142342

1634.3520980399

17541

6074.7536938164

2487.8123051564

1725.8004084997

17943

6606.5262956725

2774.240489244

2002.8061059949

18362

6570.684296652

2783.231112863

2280.0919960344

18794

7012.6643972241

2962.2352814706

2385.9141911826

19268

6979.8794089894

3033.3813977377

2599.4297965863

19781

7555.7834951804

3244.7701054694

2885.9140000717

20390

7633.8338529162

3288.6829827642

3317.7132619056

20952

7644.8845570407

3529.264843946

3838.7850360125

21508

8073.8156257092

3750.499587917

4610.7143966269

22003

8457.9906116745

3839.3097789085

5143.8042068298

22437

8806.1043465797

4019.4914059794

5755.0575124521

22889

8474.9763619641

4490.3617252541

6295.2654411677

23311

8781.0206519272

4662.7529771503

6792.8856081509

23767

9226.5636817525

5014.202028165

7358.9093297978

24294

8991.8590317841

5133.7262813392

7945.7001469165

24816

9004.492301812

5458.5570645358

8159.7574563132

25239

9174.1527693171

5688.4407257438

8633.9077172991

25614

9378.3055625231

6071.7786696289

9276.1434765471

25996

9473.2380167461

6343.3210544547

9603.8440534633

26369

9448.1360709977

6506.8953786983

10560.6722805509

26738

9772.8159482089

6863.9459394895

11775.6983074736

27108

9362.2653097789

7287.7577190908

12992.2858303174

27444

9750.2836564303

7606.6320516955

14296.0679877211

27762

10067.8045890517

7730.3755569093

16135.3844077352

28082

9611.6442230743

7870

17736.8439459634

28377

9646

7612

17246

28599

9629

7502

16707

28774

9788

7862

17625

28902

9794

7446

18671

29041

9798

7497

19026

29230

9553

7509

19630

29458

9581

7263

20253

29732

9241

7106

20113

29980

30245

Sheet1

都市ガス販売量･需要家件数 トシハンバイリョウジュヨウカケンスウ

百万m3 ヒャクマン百万m3 ヒャクマン

ガス販売量m3換算値－百万m3/41.8605MJ カンサンチヒャクマンm3換算値－百万m3/41.8605MJ カンサンチヒャクマン

年家庭用商業用工業用その他用計家庭用商業用工業用その他用計家庭用商業用工業用計

大正 タイショウ元 ゲン年度 ネンド191249,37937,03424,69012,345123,4481912181394441813944

2年度 ネンド191357,27542,95628,63714,319143,187191321151055221151052

3年度 ネンド191460,38145,28630,19115,095150,953191422161155422161154

4年度 ネンド191561,56046,17030,78015,390153,901191522171165522171155

5年度 ネンド191679,92359,94239,96119,981199,807191629221477229221472

6年度 ネンド191791,79868,84845,89922,949229,494191733251788333251783

7年度 ネンド1918104,54578,40952,27226,136261,362191838281999438281994

8年度 ネンド1919110,08182,56155,04127,520275,2031919403020109940302099

9年度 ネンド1920117,81488,36058,90729,453294,534家庭用商業用工業用その他用計家庭用商業用工業用計需要家数 ジュヨウカスウ

10年度 ネンド1921122,58491,93861,29230,646306,4591920423221111061920424221106

11年度 ネンド1922138,900104,17569,45034,725347,2491921443322111101921444422110

12年度 ネンド1923130,60297,95265,30132,651326,5061922503825131251922505025125

13年度 ネンド1924141,176105,88270,58835,294352,9401923473524121181923474724118

14年度 ネンド1925163,368122,52681,68440,842408,4191924513825131271924515125127

昭和 ショウワ元 ゲン年度 ネンド1926610,463457,847305,231152,6161,526,1571925594429151471925595929147

2年度 ネンド1927700,720525,540350,360175,1801,751,8001926220165110555491926220220110549

3年度 ネンド1928833,031624,773416,516208,2582,082,5781927252189126636311927252252126631

4年度 ネンド1929943,526707,645471,763235,8822,358,8151928300225150757501928300300150750

5年度 ネンド1930996,590747,442498,295249,1472,491,4741929340255170858491929340340170849

6年度 ネンド19311,051,454788,590525,727262,8632,628,6341930359269179908971930359359179897

7年度 ネンド19321,120,432840,324560,216280,1082,801,0801931379284189959461931379379189946

8年度 ネンド19331,142,079856,559571,040285,5202,855,19819324033032021011,00819324034032021,008

9年度 ネンド19341,273,932955,449636,966318,4833,184,83019334113082061031,02819334114112061,028

10年度 ネンド19351,309,190981,893654,595327,2983,272,97619344593442291151,14719344594592291,147

11年度 ネンド19361,344,2691,008,202672,134336,0673,360,67219354713532361181,17819354714712361,178

12年度 ネンド19371,410,7761,058,082705,388352,6943,526,94119364843632421211,21019364844842421,210

13年度 ネンド19381,634,1701,225,627817,085408,5424,085,42419375083812541271,27019375085082541,270

14年度 ネンド19391,851,0911,388,318925,546462,7734,627,72819385884412941471,47119385885882941,471

15年度 ネンド19401,917,0141,437,761958,507479,2544,792,53619396665003331671,66619396666663331,666

16年度 ネンド19412,229,8981,672,4231,114,949557,4745,574,74419406905183451731,72519406906903451,725

17年度 ネンド19422,219,7171,664,7881,109,858554,9295,549,29219418036024012012,00719418038034012,007

18年度 ネンド19432,117,6871,588,2651,058,844529,4225,294,21819427995994002001,99819427997994001,998

19年度 ネンド19441,789,8251,342,369894,912447,4564,474,56219437625723811911,90619437627623811,906

20年度 ネンド1945369,840277,380184,92092,460924,59919446444833221611,61119446446443221,611

21年度 ネンド1946321,726241,295160,86380,432804,31619451331006733333194513313367333

22年 トシ1947515,192386,394257,596128,7981,287,9811946116875829290194611611658290

23年 トシ1948792,737594,553396,368198,1841,981,8421947523926131291947525226129

24年 トシ19491,059,564794,673529,782264,8912,648,9091948795940201981948797940198

25年 トシ19501,386,8411,040,131693,421346,7103,467,1031949106795326265194910610653265

26年 トシ19511,800,2761,350,207900,138450,0694,500,69019501391046935347195013913969347

27年 トシ19522,191,6341,643,7251,095,817547,9085,479,08419511801359045450195118018090450

28年 トシ19532,553,5041,915,1281,276,752638,3766,383,7591952219164110555481952219219110548

29年 トシ19542,953,4592,215,0941,476,730738,3657,383,6481953255192128646381953255255128638

30年 トシ19553,278,8042,459,1031,639,402819,7018,197,0091954295222148747381954295295148738

31年 トシ19563,755,0902,816,3171,877,545938,7729,387,7241955328246164828201955328328164820

32年 トシ19574,362,8203,272,1152,181,4101,090,70510,907,0501956376282188949391956376376188939

33年 トシ19584,730,6383,547,9782,365,3191,182,65911,826,59419574363272181091,09119574364362181,091

34年 トシ19595,227,6043,920,7032,613,8021,306,90113,069,01119584733552371181,18319584734732371,183

35年 トシ19605,945,0324,458,7742,972,5161,486,25814,862,58119595233922611311,30719595235232611,307

昭和36年 トシ196137,721,61015,779,35311,913,6534,418,33869,832,95419605954462971491,48619605955952971,486

37年 トシ196242,739,65417,442,45012,581,0814,970,73377,733,91919619013772851061,66819619014822851,668

38年 トシ196349,253,38219,342,80813,020,6255,472,95987,089,77419621,0214173011191,85719621,0215353011,857

39年 トシ196454,071,73120,951,44413,510,5355,897,82294,431,53219631,1774623111312,08019631,1775933112,080

40年 トシ196563,553,93823,138,53814,032,1546,768,571107,493,20119641,2925013231412,25619641,2926413232,256

41年 トシ196670,915,72225,004,99314,825,9437,342,344118,089,00219651,5185533351622,56819651,5187143352,568

42年 トシ196780,755,67827,060,18916,236,9728,083,225132,136,06319661,6945973541752,82119661,6947733542,821

43年 トシ196892,326,76929,431,79517,965,1288,875,510148,599,20319671,9296463881933,15719671,9298403883,157

44年 トシ1969102,311,03931,933,01018,507,6999,470,226162,221,97519682,2067034292123,55019682,2069154293,550

45年 トシ1970119,301,52935,873,21820,135,42410,824,401186,134,57219692,4447634422263,87519692,4449894423,875

46年 トシ1971132,587,83438,210,46520,903,83611,191,484202,893,62019702,8508574812594,447'702,8501,1164814,44710,371

47年 トシ1972145,349,01240,783,33322,325,67411,643,259220,101,27819713,1679134992674,847'713,1671,1804994,84711,121

48年 トシ1973160,580,68344,633,25626,473,89012,744,852244,432,68119723,4729745332785,258'723,4721,2525335,25811,892

49年 トシ1974177,181,21848,364,78433,861,75014,518,213273,925,96519733,8361,0666323045,839'733,8361,3716325,83912,687

50年 トシ1975187,457,20552,171,48636,361,87616,445,170292,435,73719744,2331,1558093476,544'744,2331,5028096,54413,414

51年 トシ1976202,469,91256,043,55740,474,01318,097,943317,085,42619754,4781,2468693936,986'754,4781,6398696,98613,932

52年 トシ1977207,769,61558,440,10040,384,54119,055,569325,649,82519764,8371,3399674327,575'764,8371,7719677,57514,505

53年 トシ1978216,446,79861,953,25138,018,04921,110,740337,528,83819774,9631,3969654557,779'774,9631,8519657,77915,045

54年 トシ1979220,489,74463,590,27740,074,25021,090,973345,245,24419785,1711,4809085048,063'785,1711,9849088,06315,649

55年 トシ1980234,451,21766,709,57558,676,71722,819,791382,657,30019795,2671,5199575048,248'795,2672,0239578,24816,250

56年 トシ1981243,537,72170,582,78166,346,37225,705,520406,172,39419805,6011,5941,4025459,141'805,6012,1391,4029,14116,766

57年 トシ1982243,630,00271,156,07368,414,79625,887,128409,087,99919815,8181,6861,5856149,703'815,8182,3001,5859,70317,149

58年 トシ1983254,292,22775,787,08372,242,86828,353,984430,676,16219825,8201,7001,6346189,773'825,8202,3181,6349,77317,541

59年 トシ1984276,552,49483,695,29383,838,46532,435,801476,522,05319836,0751,8101,72667710,288'836,0752,4881,72610,28817,943

60年 トシ1985275,052,13084,069,08795,445,79132,438,359487,005,36719846,6071,9992,00377511,384'846,6072,7742,00311,38418,362

61年 トシ1986293,553,63889,426,77099,875,56134,573,880517,429,85019856,5712,0082,28077511,634'856,5712,7832,28011,63418,794

62年 トシ1987292,181,24291,880,976108,813,43135,097,886527,973,53519867,0132,1362,38682612,361'867,0132,9622,38612,36119,268

63年 トシ1988316,288,87597,679,832120,805,80338,147,867572,922,37719876,9802,1952,59983812,613'876,9803,0332,59912,61319,781

平成元年 トシ1989319,556,10299,248,405138,881,13638,417,509596,103,15219887,5562,3332,88691113,686'887,5563,2452,88613,68620,390

2年 トシ1990320,018,690105,733,121160,693,46142,003,670628,448,94219897,6342,3713,31891814,240'897,6343,2893,31814,24020,952

3年 トシ1991337,973,959112,337,481193,006,81044,660,307687,978,55719907,6452,5263,8391,00315,013'907,6453,5293,83915,01321,508

4年 トシ1992354,055,716115,090,620215,322,21645,624,807730,093,35919918,0742,6844,6111,06716,435'918,0743,7504,61116,43522,003

5年 トシ1993368,627,931120,362,582240,909,58547,895,338777,795,43819928,4582,7495,1441,09017,441'928,4583,8395,14417,44122,437

6年 トシ1994354,766,748132,398,966263,522,95955,569,821806,258,49519938,8062,8755,7551,14418,581'938,8064,0195,75518,58122,889

7年 トシ1995367,577,915136,916,263284,353,58858,268,908847,116,67419948,4753,1636,2951,32819,261'948,4754,4906,29519,26123,311

8年 トシ1996386,228,569145,718,991308,047,62464,178,013904,173,19619958,7813,2716,7931,39220,237'958,7814,6636,79320,23723,767

9年 トシ1997376,403,715148,755,783332,610,98166,144,566923,915,04519969,2273,4817,3591,53321,600'969,2275,0147,35921,60024,294

10年 トシ1998376,932,550156,119,821341,571,52772,378,107947,002,00519978,9923,5547,9461,58022,071'978,9925,1347,94622,07124,816

11年 トシ1999384,034,622159,650,203361,419,69478,470,770983,575,28919989,0043,7308,1601,72922,623'989,0045,4598,16022,62325,239

12年 トシ2000392,580,560167,504,889388,304,00486,662,8021,035,052,25519999,1743,8148,6341,87523,497'999,1745,6888,63423,49725,614

13年 トシ2001396,554,480173,554,766402,021,71491,979,8251,064,110,78520009,3784,0029,2762,07024,726'009,3786,0729,27624,72625,996

14年 トシ2002395,503,700176,593,058442,075,02295,788,8361,109,960,61620019,4734,1469,6042,19725,420'019,4736,3439,60425,42026,369

15年 トシ2003409,094,962185,233,041492,936,619102,095,1681,189,359,79020029,4484,21910,5612,28826,516'029,4486,50710,56126,51626,738

16年 トシ2004391,909,107194,947,167543,863,581110,122,0151,240,841,87020039,7734,42511,7762,43928,412'039,7736,86411,77628,41227,108

17年 トシ2005408,151,749201,767,089598,440,554116,650,3321,325,009,72420049,3624,65712,9922,63129,642'049,3627,28812,99229,64227,444

18年 トシ2006421,443,334204,384,000675,435,259119,213,3861,420,475,97920059,7504,82014,2962,78731,653'059,7507,60714,29631,65327,762

19年 トシ2007402,348,233202,832,224742,473,156118,322,3441,465,975,957200610,0684,88316,1352,84833,934'0610,0687,73016,13533,93428,082

20079,6124,84517,7372,82735,021'079,6127,87017,73735,02128,377

'089,6467,61217,24634,50528,599

'099,6297,50216,70733,83728,774

16年までの値は、年報値 ネンアタイネンポウアタイ'109,7887,86217,62535,27528902

17年・19年の値は、月報値／年間補正済み ネンネンアタイゲツホウアタイネンカンホセイス'119,7947,44618,67135,91129,041

18年はガス事業便覧データ（補正前） ネンジギョウビンランホセイマエ'129,7987,49719,02636,32329230

'139,5537,50919,63036,69329458

1970'149,5817,26320,25337,09929732

1970'159,2417,10620,11336,46129980

1970'169,4067,33820,95737,70130245

1970

1970

1970

1970

1970

1970

1970

1970

1970

1970

1970

1970

1970

1970

1970

1970

1970

1970

1970

1970

1970

1970

1970

1970

1970

1970

Sheet2

Sheet3

3

Retail salesＬＮＧ Terminal Pipeline Transport

owner Terminal Tank

Gas 13 48

Electric 9 49

Gas/ElectricCommon

6 67

Others 7 28

計 35 191

Gas field / TankerLiquefaction

Import Company

① Tokyo Electric 28％

② Tokyo Gas 16％

③ Chubu Electric 15％

④ Kansai Electric 10％

⑤ Osaka Gas 9％

⑥ Kyusyu Electric 6％

⑦ Tohoku Electric 5％

Import

70% for power generation

Some are transportedby lorries

unloading/ storage

Length(thousand

km)General Gas Pipeline Service

Providers (203)Sales ratio

137 (53%) Tokyo, Osaka, Toho （3 companies） 65％

29 (11%)Semi-major (Hokkaido, Sendai-shi, Shizuoka, Hiroshima, Saibu, Nihon)（6 companies）

8％

76 (30%) Wholesale by gas pipelines (117 companies) 18％

12 (5%) Wholesale by tanker truck(80 companies) 1％

3 (1%) Others (Electric power company etc.) 8％258(100%) Total 100%

Small sectors36％ Large sectors

64%

35 LNG terminals are under operation.

50% of the pipeline network is held by three major companies.

Full liberalization of retail market started in 2017.

The biggest importers are power companies.

Business Structure of Japanese Gas Utilities

As of Oct .2016As of FY2014

3

http://wrs.search.yahoo.co.jp/_ylt=A3JvRXLs8Q9U_G0AO86DTwx.;_ylu=X3oDMTFvMm10N2ZmBHBhdHQDcmljaARwb3MDMQRwcm9wA2lzZWFyY2gEcXADcWh2BHNjA0RSBHNlYwNzYwRzbGsDaW1n/SIG=17ql9qv83/EXP=1410431916/**http:/image.search.yahoo.co.jp/search?rkf=2&ei=UTF-8&p=%E3%82%BF%E3%83%B3%E3%82%AF%E3%83%AD%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AA%E3%83%BC+%E3%82%A4%E3%83%A9%E3%82%B9%E3%83%88

Natural Gas - Infrastructure 4 Japan has no cross-border gas pipelines. Japanese gas markets are local,

without a major national gas pipeline network. As most of the domestic gas pipelines are built primarily to connect LNG

receiving terminals on the coast with high-demand areas.

4

【2mill.m3】

【1mill.m3】

【0.5mill.m3】

User Types

Large Factories

largeHotels

Small Factoriesand Buildings

Small Shopsand Household

1995～ 1999～ 2007～ 2017～

49%53%

64%

51%47%

36%

Gradual Expansion of Gas Retail Market Liberalization

Full Market Liberalization

Around 65% of the gas retail market had been liberalized since 1995. The share of new entrants in large-volume sector is around 13%.

Partial Market Liberalization

2004～

57%

43%

Mid-sizedFactories

【0.1mill.m3】

5

Full Liberalization of Retail Market including households started in April 2017.

TPA system to LNG terminals was also established at the same time.

Manufacturing(LNG Terminal)

Retail

Distribution (Gas Pipeline Service)

- Gas Retailer (Registration)- Full competition - Transitional Measures

- General Gas Pipeline Service Provider (License)- Regional monopoly , regulated rates and- obligation to provide Last Resort Service

- Gas Manufacturer (Notification)- Third-party access (TPA) system to LNG

terminals

Since April 2017

Full Retail Competition and Third Party Access (TPA) to LNG terminals

6

METI Disaster Management Headquarters

Request for sending rescue parties

Sending JGA Rescue Parties*Result：22 utilities & 2,676 staff

Support measures:Gas pipe repair, Valve opening & closing, Emergency city gas supply, answering phones etc.

Report & Coopera-tion

JGA Emergency Headquarters

・Request use of mobile gas generator・Request for increasing the numbers for JGA Rescue Party・Order for identifying the essential facilities such as hospitals and deciding supply priorities

Request for cooperation in sending rescue parties

Disaster Management Headquarters of City Gas Utility in Affected Area (Saibu Gas)

Cross-industry measures Power industry ・Increase the number of emergency power generator vehicles

Oil industry・ Priority refueling for emergency

power generator vehicles

Demand for rescue

Emergency Headquarters in Affected Area

Orders for Power & Oil Industry

Orders for City Gas Industry

City Gas Utilities under Each Branches

JGA Branch Offices

City gas supply interruption affecting 100,000 customers was restored in 15 days

Emergency city gas supply

Gas pipe repair Valve opening& closing

Cabinet Office Major Disaster Management Headquarters

Emergency response to Disasters of Earthquake & Flood by METI & City Gas Industry 【Case in Kumamoto Earthquake（April 2016, Maximum Magnitude 7.3）】

7

Emergency Management Scheme forNatural Gas Supply Disruption

Sufferer

METI : Ministry of Trade, Economy and Industry

Support Party

Support requestfor Natural Gas

(LNG)

Natural Gas (LNG) Trade between victim and support party based on negotiation

＜Collecting Information＞○Investigation of damage and inventory

of victim ○Surplus trade capability of support parties○Support plan

＜Supporting Activity＞○Support among city gas industries ○Supporting between other industries(Power)

JGA: The Japan Gas Association

Report and Cooperation

【Emergency Headquarters 】

＜Public Relations＞○Sharing Information and Cooperation with

Government○Publicity activities (Mass Media)

Support requestfor Natural Gas

(LNG)

8

Japan’s Gas Market Securityスライド番号 2スライド番号 3スライド番号 4スライド番号 5スライド番号 6Emergency response to Disasters of Earthquake & Flood by METI & City Gas Industry � 【Case in Kumamoto Earthquake（April 2016, Maximum Magnitude 7.3）】Emergency Management Scheme for�Natural Gas Supply Disruption　スライド番号 9