jan 12, 2005g.w.foster - proton driver general meeting proton driver general meeting kick-off...

Jan 12, 2005 G.W.Foster - Proton Driver General Meeting

Proton DriverGeneral Meeting

Kick-off Presentation

G. W. FosterPD General Weekly Meeting

Jan 12, 2005


OUTLINE• Purpose of Weekly General Meeting

• Elevator Speech on Proton Driver

• What we’ve been up to the last year– Technical progress since 2003

• Getting Plugged into Working Groups

• How to Educate Yourself Efficiently about the Proton Driver

• What’s Next


Weekly General Meeting

• Inform FNAL Staff about what is going on

~ 40% Physics

~ 60% Technology

• Communication between working groups

http://ProtonDriver.FNAL.GOV

http://protondriver.fnal.gov/



Working Groups


8 GeV Superconducting Linac• “New” idea incorporating concepts from both the Spallation

Neutron Source, RIA, and TESLA.– Copy SNS & RIA Linac designs up to 1.3 GeV– Use “TESLA” Cryomodules from 1.3 - 8 GeV– H- Injection at 8 GeV in Main Injector

==> “Super-Beams” in Fermilab Main Injector: – 2 MW Beam power at BOTH 8 GeV and 120 GeV

– Small emittances ==> Small losses in Main Injector

– Minimum (1.5 sec) cycle time

– MI Beam Power Independent of Beam Energy

==> (flexible neutrino program)


8 GeV Superconducting LinacWith X-Ray FEL, 8 GeV Neutrino & Spallation Sources, LC and Neutrino Factory

~ 700m Active Length8 GeV Linac

X-RAY FEL LAB8 GeVneutrino

MainInjector@2 MW

Anti-Proton

SY-120Fixed-Target

Neutrino“Super- Beams”

NUMI

Off- Axis

& Long-Pulse Spallation Source

Neutrino Target

Neutrinosto “Homestake”

Short Baseline Detector Array

Target and Muon Cooling Channel

Bunching Ring

RecirculatingLinac for Neutrino Factory

VLHC at Fermilab

Damping Ringsfor TESLA @ FNALWith 8 GeV e+ Preacc.

1% LC Systems Test


8 GeV SC Linac Proton Driver

• A Bridge Program to the Linear Collider

• Near Term Physics Program (neutrinos+)

• Multiple HEP Destinations & Off-Ramps

• A seed project for Industrial Participation

50 cryomodules, 12 RF stations, ~1.5% of LC


Proton Driver Linac Parts1. MAIN “TESLA” LINAC (1-8 GeV)

~ Exact copy of TESLA, 1.5% of LC

2. Beta<1 “Squeezed TESLA” Linac– “SNS” SCRF linac at f = 1300 MHz

3. “Pulsed RIA” Front End Linac– spoke SCRF cavities at 325 MHz

4. H- Source & RF Quad~ Copy of JPARC 325 MHz front end


0.5 MW with TESLA Frequencies & SCRF F.E.

R F QR F Q

Modulator

H -

B=0.47 B=0.47 B=0.61 B=0.61 B=0.61 B=0.81 B=0.81 B=0.81 B=0.81 B=0.81 B=0.81 B=0.81

Modulator

"Pulsed RIA" SCRF Linac 325 MHz 0 - 120 MeV

B e t a = 1B e t a = 1B e t a = 1B e t a = 1B e t a = 1B e t a = 1B e t a = 1B e t a = 1B e t a = 1

Modulator Modulator

12 Klystrons (2 types) 11 Modulators 20 MW ea. 1 Warm Linac Load 54 Cryomodules~550 Superconducting Cavities

8 GeV 0.5 MW LINAC

8 Klystrons288 cavites in 36 Cryomodules



Modulator Modulator


Modulator Modulator


Modulator Modulator

Modulator

48 cavites/ Klystron


TESLA Klystrons1300 MHz 10 MW

"Squeezed TESLA" Superconducting Linac1300 MHz 0.087 - 1.2 GeV

"TESLA" LINAC 1300 MHz Beta=1

S S RS S RS S RD S RD S RD S R

Multi-Cavity Fanout at 10-20kW/cavityPhase & Amplitude Adjust via Fast Ferrite Tuners


325 MHz Klystrons1.5 MW


Linac Technical Strategy• TESLA compatible frequency chosen

– Prototypes & vendors exist for 7/8 of linac

– Complete overlap with LC test facility

• Staging Stand-Alone Linac Beam Power

– Cut Klystron count from 42 12

– Preserve 2 MW beam power in MI

• Adopt “Pulsed RIA” SCRF front end


Upgrade Strategy: Add Klystrons


Cost Driver: Klystrons per GeV

96

20

8.13

5

1.5

1.1

0 20 40 60 80 100

Spallation Neutron Source

FNAL Linac Upgrade

X-Band (warm) NLC

8 GeV Linac (2 MW)

8 GeV Linac (0.5 MW)

TESLA

Klystrons Per GeV Beam Energy

Proton Driver Beams

INITIAL ULTIMATE TESLA

Beam Power 0.5 MW 2.0 MW 23 MW

Beam Current 8.3 mA 25 mA 9.5 mA

Beam Pulse 3 msec 1 msec 1 msec

Rep Rate 2.5 Hz 10 Hz 5-10 Hz

Klystrons 12 36 584

Cavities / Klystron 36:1 12 : 1 36 : 1


120 GeV Main Injector Cycle with 8 GeV Linac, e- and P

Main Injector: 120 GeV, 0.67 Hz Cycle, 2.0 MW Beam PowerLinac Protons: 8 GeV, 4.67 Hz Cycle, 0.93 MW Beam Power Linac Electrons: 8 GeV, 4.67 Hz Cycle, 0.93 MW Beam Power

8 GeV Linac Cycles 1.5E14 per Pulse at 10Hz

Main Injector Energy

H-Injection

8 GeVProtons

8 GeVElectrons

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3

Time (sec)

MI Energy

H- Injection

8 GeV Protons

Electrons


120 GeV Main Injector Cycle with 8 GeV Synchrotron

SYNCHROTRON INJECTIONMain Injector: 120 GeV, 0.56 Hz Cycle, 1.67 MW Beam Power

Surplus Protons: 8 GeV, 11.7 Hz Avg Rate, 0.39 MW Beam Power 8 GeV Synchrotron Cycles 2.5E13 per Pulse at 15Hz


6 InjectionCycles

21 Extra8 GeV

Proton Cycles

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3

Time (sec)

MI Energy

Injection Cycles

8 GeV Proton Cycles


Linac Allows Reduced MI Beam Energy without Compromising Beam Power

MI cycles to 40 GeV at 2Hz, Retains 2 MW MI beam power

Main Injector: 40 GeV, 2.0 Hz Cycle, 2.0 MW Beam PowerLinac Protons: 8 GeV, 4.0 Hz Cycle, 0.8 MW Beam Power Linac Electrons: 8 GeV, 4.0 Hz Cycle, 0.8 MW Beam Power

8 GeV Linac Cycles 1.5E14 per Pulse at 10Hz


H-Injection

8 GeVProtons

8 GeVElectrons

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3

Time (sec)

MI Energy

H- Injection

8 GeV Protons

Electrons

• # neutrino evts. ~ same vs. E

• Reduces tail at higher neutrino energies.

• Permits Flexible Neutrino Program

2MW @40 GeV

NOT SPECIFIED

FOR SYNCHROTRON


Baseline Design

• Only bare H- Linac or Synchrotron

0.5 MW Stand-Alone Power (& 2 MW upgrade path)

• Main Injector Intensity Upgrades for 2MW

• Reference Experimental Program -TBD


Main Injector Intensity Upgrade RF: Major upgrade. Need a second power amplifier for each

cavity (and 4 more cavities for synchrotoron option). Power supply: moderate upgrade (for synchrotron option) Magnet: OK. Shielding & Beam Dump: OK. Cooling capacity: OK for magnet, needs to be doubled for

RF. Gamma-t jump system: New. Large aperture quad: New. (In Progress for Run II / NUMI) Collimation system: New. (In Progress for Run II / NUMI?) Passive damper and active feedback: (New..?) Stop band correction: New. NuMI and other 120 GeV Beamlines: Under study.

http://www-bd.fnal.gov/pdriver/


Some Developments• 1st Round of PD Design Studies Completed 2003

• PD Recommendation by FLRPC early 2004

• New Design Iteration Started

– Goal: CD-0 Documentation by “End of ’04”

– Both Synchrotron and SCRF Linac (emphasized)

• ITRP Decision Adds Momentum to SCRF

• US SCRF Collaboration enthusiasm for PD

• Workshop on H- Transport & Injection gives clean bill of

health to 8 GeV linac parameters

• Successful tests of prototype fast-Phase shifters


New Proton Driver Charge Letter Development and elucidation of an overall strategy for implementing a Proton

Driver that is in concert with the shorter term plan of the existing Proton Source and Main Injector improvements being developed under the leadership of Eric Prebys.

As with any such responsibility you may be asked from time to time to report on Proton Driver progress to various review committees, help with the lab’s long range financial planning for such a project, and help inform the Fermilab User Community about the exciting physics prospects of such a facility.

In organizing and undertaking this assignment I would like to collaborate closely with interested parties in all our divisions and sections. I would further ask you to involve institutions outside of Fermilab who might have potential interests in either collaboration on development, construction, and operations of the Proton Driver itself or in the scientific research programs enabled by the facility. I would suggest that a workshop or workshops exploring the accelerator physics and technologies, along with the scientific opportunities would be an important component in proceeding in this direction. The lab will be happy to support you in the arrangements of such workshop(s) It is my intention that once this information is available the Fermilab directorate will carry out a review that will compare the two prospective Proton Driver technologies with the goal of identifying the option that is best for Fermilab. This will allow the laboratory to proceed expeditiously with a complete Conceptual Design Report for the selected option, along with cost estimates, resource loaded schedules and other required CD-1 documentation, following the establishment of mission need via a formal CD-0 from the Department of Energy. Action to implement the vision for the future outlined by the Fermilab Long Range Planning Committee is important to securing a healthy and productive future for both Fermilab and for the U.S. The steps described here are an important component of identifying how to best structure Fermilab’s future program in areas that address many of the most important questions in science over the coming decade. Steve Holmes will serve as the Directorate point of contact on this activity, and both Steve and I look forward to working closely with you, and the participating divisions, sections, and outside institutions on this. Thank you. Cc

Div/section heads Associate Directors W. Chou S. Mishra E. Prebys J. Jackson

To: Bill Foster and Steve Geer From: Michael Witherell Subject: Next Steps on the Proton Driver I would like you to assemble and lead a team to achieve the goals recommended by the Fermilab Long Range Planning Committee relative to the Proton Driver, with an emphasis on the superconducting linac as suggested by that committee. For the purpose of this assignment I will define the Proton Driver project as a complete replacement of our current 400 MeV linac and 8 GeV Booster, accompanied by Main Injector upgrades, sufficient to enable the delivery of at least 0.5 MW of average beam power at 8 GeV, and 2.0 MW of beam power at 120 GeV. I am hopeful that the assignment described above can be completed by the end of 2004.

In particular I would like you to initiate and coordinate efforts in the following areas:

Preparation of documentation sufficient to establish mission need for the Proton Driver as defined by the Department of Energy CD-0 process.

Development and documentation of the physics case. I would like this to include both support for a forefront neutrino program at Fermilab in the decade of 2010 and beyond, and identification of other opportunities that could potentially be enabled with a Proton Driver facility.

Completion of comparably scoped cost estimates for the linac and synchrotron options based, to the extent practical, on a common basis of estimate and on common implementation strategies.

The cost estimates should specifically include modifications to the Main Injector required to meet the established 2 MW @ 120 GeV criterion.

The cost estimates should assume a complete replacement of the existing linac.

The implementation strategy should be based upon minimal disruption to the ongoing collider (Run II and BTev) and neutrino programs.

The goal is to understand the cost differential between the linac and synchrotron and what benefits are realized for the (presumably) higher cost.

Documentation and external review of accelerator physics and technology issues for both options, specifically including anticipated beam loss and beam handling issues for both machines. The goal is to put the accelerator physics basis of the superconducting linac at the same level as the (more traditional) synchrotron-based solution.

Examination and documentation of the siting issues associated with both machines, for both the baseline mission of providing Neutrino Super-Beams and for future development of facilities on the Fermilab site.


Proton Driver Charge (machine)

• Goal: CD-0 Documentation by End of ’04

– Target is now March ’05 Director’s Review

• Both Synchrotron and SCRF Linac (emphasized)

– Common Performance Specs and Cost Basis

• External Review of Accelerator Physics

• Investigation of Outside Collaboration


PD Work in Progress …

• Weekly meetings in specific technical

areas (four) (six)

– See http://ProtonDriver.FNAL.GOV

• Visits from experts, workshops

• Prototypes of key components

• Developing Collaborations



Proton Driver Linac - Technology Flow

R

F

Q

“PULSED RIA”

SCRF Spoke

Cavity Linac

“SNS / RIA”Beta < 1 Elliptical

Cavity Linac

“TESLA”

Elliptical Cavity SCRF Linac

Beta = 1 1300 MHz

JHF

(KEK)

RIA (ANL)

APT (LANL)

SNS (JLAB)

RIA (MSU)

FNAL

ANL / SNS

New FNAL Proton Source Linear Collider Test Facility

TESLACOLLABORATION

BNL / SNS

FNAL Proton PlanUpgrades

NUMI Beamline &

Infrastructure

H

_

325 MHzRFQ andKlystron

SCRFSpoke

Cavities

LinacAccel.

Physics

SNSProductionExperience

< 1Cavity

Design

FastFerrite

Shifters

PulsedModu-lators

Cavitie

s

Cryo

ge

nics

Klystro

ns

RF

D

istribu

tion

Beam Transportand CollimationDesign

MainInjector@2 MW 8 GeV beams:

P, n, , , e…Technological& HEP Applications

Neutrino Super-beams

Other Labs & Universities

PROTON DRIVER

8 GeV1.3 GeV


JHF 325 MHz3 MW Klystron

JHF 325 MHz RF Quad

JHF 325 MHz RFQ and Klystrons for TESLA-Compatible* Front End

* TESLA frequency = 1300 MHz= 4*325 MHz


LANL (APT) ANL (RIA)


End-to-End Beam Physicsof TESLA-Compatible Linac

(P. Ostroumov, ANL)

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 8000.8

1.0

1.2

1.4

1.6

1.8

2.0

RM

S E

mitt

ance

Gro

wth

Fac

tor

Distance (m)

Horizontal Vertical Longitudinal

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800-1.00

-0.75

-0.50

-0.25

0.00

0.25

0.50

0.75

1.00

Y

B

eam

siz

e (c

m)

X

Distance (m)

x_rms y_rms Xmax Ymax


8 GeV Superconducting LinacTECHNICAL SUBSYSTEM DESIGNS EXIST AND WORK

SNS Cavites (JLAB) FNAL/TTFModulators

“TTF Style” Cryomodules

CivilCons

t.Based on

FMI

TESLA RFDistribution * w/ phase shifters


Advanced RF Distribution(Coaxial Phase Shifter Option)

DIRECTIONAL

COUPLER

(POWER SPLIT)

MAGIC TEE

AND CAVITY RF

POWER COUPLER

CIRCULATOR

AND LOADCOAXIAL

FERRITE STUB

TUNER AND

WAVEGUIDE

TRANSITION

RF FROM

KLYSTRON

E/

YET!


Fast-Ferrite Phase Shifter R&DYIG Ferrite Phase Shifter Prototypes

(1300 MHz Waveguide Style)

Iouri Terechkine, Timergali Khabiboulline, Ivan Gonin (TD)

Water-CooledWaveguideStub

BiasCoils

BiasYoke

Simulation

F=1266 MHz. Parallel Bias.

F=1292 MHz. Parallel Bias.

F=1266 MHz. Anti-parallel Bias.

1300 MHz Waveguide YIG Ferrite Phase Shifter

Low Power Measurements

• High Power measurements coming soon

-160

-140

-120

-100

-80

-60

-40

-20

0

20

40

60

80

100

1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 2200 2400 2600 2800 3000 3200

Bias, Gs

Ph

as

e,

de

g.

G550, 1300 MHz.

-1.0

-0.9

-0.8

-0.7

-0.6

-0.5

-0.4

-0.3

-0.2

-0.1

0.0

1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 2200 2400 2600 2800 3000 3200

Bias, Gs

|S11

|, d

B

G550, 1300 MHz.

About 200 degree phase shift for bias range 1350-3000 G.

Absorption <0.1dBwith phase shift ~160 degrees

Ferrite Tuner (coax)• Coax design

is preferredat 325MHz

• In-house design tested to 660kW at 1300 MHz

• To be tested with Argonne / APS352MHz Klystron

• Fast coil and flux return shouldrespond in ~50us

Dave Wildman (AD), Vladimir Kashikhin, Emanuela Barzi (TD)

Development Contract Placed with AFT for full-spec 1300 MHz I/Q tuner assembly

Al Moretti (AD)AFT 352 MHz Single tuner built for CERN SPL

Complete I/Q Tuner Including:

• Two Phase Shifters

• Hybrid

• Control Electronics

• FNAL-ProvidedPower Supply


THE NEXT STEP• There is a 100% overlap in the

plans for the next step of the SCRF Proton Driver and the SCRF Linear Collider:

Set up 1 GeV of TESLA linac– At Fermilab– With as many US-built

components as possible


Proton Driver - 0.5 MW with TESLA Frequencies & SCRF F.E.

R F QR F Q

Modulator

H -

B=0.47 B=0.47 B=0.61 B=0.61 B=0.61 B=0.81 B=0.81 B=0.81 B=0.81 B=0.81 B=0.81 B=0.81

Modulator

"Pulsed RIA" SCRF Linac 325 MHz 0 - 120 MeV


Modulator Modulator

12 Klystrons (2 types) 11 Modulators 20 MW ea. 1 Warm Linac Load 54 Cryomodules~550 Superconducting Cavities

8 GeV 0.5 MW LINAC




Modulator Modulator


Modulator Modulator


Modulator Modulator

Modulator




"Squeezed TESLA" Superconducting Linac1300 MHz 0.087 - 1.2 GeV

"TESLA" LINAC 1300 MHz Beta=1

S S RS S RS S RD S RD S RD S R

Multi-Cavity Fanout at 10-20kW/cavityPhase & Amplitude Adjust via Fast Ferrite Tuners


325 MHz Klystrons1.5 MW

325 MHztest area

1300 MHztest area

I LC


FNAL Meson Area SMTF Layout Example

325 MHzTESLA-CompatibleBeta <1 Linac Test

Four CryomoduleSystem Test

A0 Photoinjector& Beam Tests

Connection to Meson AreaCryo Plant


THE NEXT NEXT STEPDemonstrate a 325 MHz

TESLA-Compatibile SCRF linac

For Protons and Ions– At Fermilab

– With as many components from new collaborators and vendors as possible


325 MHzFront-EndLinac

325 MHz Klystron – Toshiba E3740A (JPARC)

115kV Pulse Transformer

ModulatorCapacitor / Switch / Bouncer

ChargingSupply

RFQ

MEBT

SCRF SpokeResonatorCryomodules

RFDistributionWaveguide

FerriteTuners

Single KlystronFeeds SCRF Linacto E > 100 MeV


M

325 MHz RF System

Pulse Transformer& Oil Tank

IGBT Switch & Bouncer

CAP

BANK

10 kV110 kVCharging

Supply

300kW

MODULATOR: FNAL/TTF Reconfigurable for 1,2 or 3 msec beam pulse

SingleJPARC Klystron325MHz

3 MW

WR2300 Distribution Waveguide

TO

SH

IBA

E37

40A

I

Q

M

E

I

Q

M

B

I

Q

M

T

I

Q

M

R F Q

I

Q

M

Cables toTunnel

Fast Ferrite Isolated I/Q Modulators

RF Couplers

S

I

Q

M

S

I

Q

M

R

I

Q

M

S

I

Q

M

S

I

Q

M

R

I

Q

M

400kW 20 kW

D

I

Q

M

S

I

Q

M

R

I

Q

M

I

Q

MD

I

Q

M

S

I

Q

M

R

I

Q

M

120 kW

10kV

H-

Medium EnergyBeam TransportCopper Cavities

Radio FrequencyQuadrupole

Cryomodule #1 Single-SpokeResonators

Cryomodule #2 Double-Spoke

Resonators

20 kW


Single Module Including:

1. Circulator / Isolator

2. Hybrid(s) & loads

3. Two Fast-Ferrite Tuners

Complete resonance control for One Cavity

Low power versions may fit on Single Circuit Board

Fast Ferrite I/Q Modulator Concept


How to Educate Yourself Efficiently about the Proton Driver

• Read Hassan Padamsee’s Book on SCRF Technology– His FNAL lectures should be online soon

• Read the 2003 PD Linac Design Report• Read the 1999 SNS SCRF Design Report • Read the TESLA TDR• Browse the links on

http://ProtonDriver.FNAL.GOV including the big pile of relevant papers linked from there



2003 Design Study• 125 Page Design

Study

• Cost Estimate Spread Sheet w/ BoE

http://tdserver1.fnal.gov/project/8GeVlinac

FNAL-TM-2169 (Part II)

An 8 GeV Superconducting

Injector Linac Design Study

1 INTRODUCTION................................................................................................................... 5 2 MOTIVATION FOR THE 8 GeV LINAC........................................................................... 7

2.1 Multi-Mission Linac ....................................................................................................... 7 2.2 Main Injector Operations with the 8 GeV Linac ............................................................ 8 2.3 Relevance to Future Accelerator Projects .................................................................... 10 2.4 Superconducting RF Technology................................................................................. 11

3 DESIGN OVERVIEW.......................................................................................................... 14 3.1 Front-End Warm Linac (0-87 MeV) Overview............................................................ 14 3.2 Superconducting RF (SCRF) Linac (87 MeV – 8 GeV) Overview ............................ 15 3.3 RF Power Systems - Overview..................................................................................... 16 3.4 Civil Construction Overview........................................................................................ 16 3.5 Site Selection ................................................................................................................ 19 3.6 One-Tunnel vs. Two-Tunnel Machine Layout. ............................................................ 20 3.7 Underground Klystron Gallery..................................................................................... 21 3.8 Tunnel Depth and Shielding ......................................................................................... 21

4 CHOICE OF PRIMARY PARAMETERS ........................................................................ 22 4.1 Beam Energy ................................................................................................................ 22 4.2 Beam Charge per Pulse ................................................................................................ 22 4.3 Beam Current and Pulse Width .................................................................................... 22 4.4 Linac Pulse Repetition Rate (Average Beam Power)................................................... 23 4.5 Different Particle Types in the 8 GeV Linac ................................................................ 24

5 ACCELERATOR PHYSICS ............................................................................................... 25 5.1 Baseline Lattice and Cavity Layout ............................................................................. 25 5.2 Transverse Focusing ..................................................................................................... 26 5.3 Longitudinal Focusing and Frequency Jumps. ............................................................. 27 5.4 Linac Aperture .............................................................................................................. 27 5.5 H- Stripping from Magnetic Fields and Energy Upgrades ........................................... 29 5.6 Energy Stability and Cavity Resonance Control .......................................................... 30 5.7 Multiple Cavities per Klystron ..................................................................................... 30 5.8 Debuncher Cavity......................................................................................................... 31

6 RUNNING ELECTRONS AND PROTONS IN THE SAME LINAC ............................ 32


What’s Next(a personal view of where the Proton Driver could & should be going)

• Technical hurdles have been cleared: (H- stripping & fast phase shifters)

• Teams have been assembled in (most) key areas

• SMTF (Meson Area SCRF) Collabortion is functioning

• Ready for a positive decision

jan 12, 2005g.w.foster - proton driver general meeting proton driver general meeting kick-off...

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