jaa atpl 050 meteoroloji -19 windshear and turbulence

7/31/2019 JAA ATPL 050 Meteoroloji -19 Windshear and Turbulence

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GBB BPZC Fmpmdm(DFPFA^ACAG-

Hbw~cb}bk7n~bhmd BDBCBKDfpfa~acagm Dhfk`msm

>:2>


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\MK@_HFB^ BK@ PV^NVCFKOF

\MK@_HFB^ 7^wlb~ efsdfsm~wlb~ }k yf hwk`b nfcm~cm nm~

dfsbif`f df}`bkb lfcfk bkm`fmmecme acb~be pbkdcbkbnmcm~+ ^wlb~ _hfb~m pfdfc acb~be mem

`v~vd`b mkofcfkm~+

]bpb} wlb~_hfb~m+ @f} wlb~_hfb~m+

Lf~fe `f}# lf~fesf }bpb}dfsbif`f df}`bkb lfcfk^wlb~ _hfb~m bpdasif~`fhf~hbklm nm~ }f~`fem ~wlb~bcbkkk `fybdcce fpemsmkm bkmnm~ femc`f sakcbk`~~ yf nbebnm~ ~wlb~ bcbkkb lfmm sbcb~em nv fpem efsdf fpemsm (shfb~mklfiifop- acb~be pbkdcbk~+ Nv`v~vd `f} dfsbif`f acvbk^wlb~ _hfb~m nbedk`bkkfdcm`m~ yf hbyboce mmkkfdcm nm~ pfhcmef eb}kb`~+

]kf Nbc

_hfb~

Hwb Nbc_hfb~

]k yf Hwb Nbc_hfb~


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\MK@_HFB^

^wlb~ _hfb~mkmk acvdbsk`b zfe ae dfpfa~acagmeibep~ ~ac a}kb~+ Nv ibep~cf~mk `b}bk` pfdfc

bpdasif~`fem pf~dbc `fklf}cf mclmcm`m~+ Bb`bemdfpfa~acagme ibep~cf~ |mk`shfb~ mk acvdbskb sfnfzacv~cb~

_obece pf~sfcdfsm (mkyf~smak-

@b `bclbcb~ yf ~apa~ fpemsm (Dbvkpbmk |byfs bk`~apa~s

Ebpbnbpme ~wlb~cb~ (ibcc |mk`s- @fkmw dfcpfdm ofzhfsm (_fb n~ffwf i~akps-

Ofzhfcf~ (bm~ dbss i~akps- ON nvcvpv Bcbe sfym}f gfpm (Ca| cfyfc gfp- Gfp bedcb~ (gfp sp~fbds-


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CA\ BCPMPV@F \MK@_HFB^

Bpdasif~`f ^wlb~ _hfb~mkf hf~ sfym}f`f ~bspcbkcbnmcm~+Bkobe ^wlb~ _hfb~mkmk }f~`fk mpmnb~fk 6:: d (29:: iffp-

nm~ pbnbeb`b ~bspcbkdbs vbe mkmm yf ebce nbedk`bkac`veb pfhcmefcm yf wb~b~ yf~mom`m~+ ]f~`fk mpmnb~fk acbksw eakvsv pbnbeb`bem ^wlb~ _hfb~mkfBcbe _fym}f^wlb~ _hfb~m (Ca|$Cfyfc \mk` _hfb~- b` yf~mcm~+

@f} |mk`shfb~7]bpb} `a~vcpv`b# `f} mem kaepbb~bsk`bem ~wlb~k yfep~fc acb~be ib~ecb~ bckb~benvcvkv~+ Hbyb bcbkcb~k`b `fmme }esfecmf sbhmz memyf}b `bhb ibwcb kaepb`bk b}k bk`b }bzcbk ~wlb~cdcf~mkmk sakvovk`b pfszmpm ddek acbnbcm~+

Fk ae a~bg nvcvpcb~kk aclvkcbdb yf `bcdbsbihbcb~k`b# bb }kc ecf~ sakvov df}`bkb lfcm~+Vbecb~`b m~pmib eb}nkb kf`fk acv~+


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]bpb} |mk`shfb~7 ]bpb} à~vcpv`bem mem kaepb b~bsk`bem

~wlb~k yfep~fc acb~be ib~ecb~ bckb~be nvcvkv~+ Zmspna}vkob b}k }esfecmf sbhmz mem yf}b `bhb ibwcbkaepb`bk b}k bk`b }bzcbk ~wlb~ cdcf~mkmksakvovk`b pfszmpm ddek acbnmcm~+ ]f~`fk 2::$26:d}esfecmepf l~c~+

A~bg nvcvpcb~k`bk }f~f à~v ecf~`fk sak~b l~c~#Vbk fpemcfk`mm ebkbp bcp yf nb ~wlb~k`bem`wfksmwcme vv lyfkcmmkm kflbpmi }k`f fpemcf~+ kmcf~`fm~pmib eb}nkb# ebcepb wa~cbkdb}b kf`fk acv~+ ]f~f }bek

|mk` shfb~f }bebcbkbk vbk ebwb }bzdb acbsc aeibwcb`~+

Vz`~bvlhp!à|k`~bvlhp shfb~ ]bpb} à~vcpv`b ~wlb~k`f} nmcffkmk`fem `fmmecmepm~+


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^wlb~ _hfb~m eavccb~k`b vbecb~k mkmmk`f yfebcek`b# ebib ~wlb~ (hfb`|mk`- yf ev}~ve ~wlb~(pbmc|mk`- ae esb dfsbif`f kfdcm `fmmecmecf~lspf~fofepm~+

Vbe mkmf lfpmm s~b`b ebib ~wlb~k`b bkm yf hwcnm~ ` yb~sb yf}b ev}~ve ~wlb~k`b bkm nm~ b~pdbsw eakvsv msf nv `v~vd`b vbk hw ebib~wlb~kk hw}cb b}k a~bk`b ` lspf~m~+

B}~ob sw eakvsv `v~vd`b vbk hwk`bem `ev}~ve ~wlb~kk }b~bpd ac`vv mydf}cf `fa~bkpc`~+ mkmf lfdm nm~ vbk hwk`b bkm `ac`vvk`b vbk mkm fmdm bkm`fk b~pb~+


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Vbk mkm bsk`bem bkm `fmmecme `fklfsmwevyyfpcf~mk fpemsmk`f yf ~bslfcf acbobep~+]f~f `a~v evyyfpcm ^wlb~ _hfb~m eavccb~`fybdcce lspf~m}a~sb vbk `fklfsmnawvcbobe yf zmcapvk vb eakp~ac

f`fdf}fofepm~+

]veb~`bem `v~vdvk pf~smkf# vbe mkmflfpmm s~b`b ebib ~wlb~k`b bkm yf hwc nm~

}esfcm yb~sb yf}b ev}~ve ~wlb~k`b bkm nm~` yb~sb n}cf `v~vd`b vbe bkm`fkhwcbk~+ _akvpb vbk mkm bs bkm`fkb~pb~ yf vbk ebibs }veb~ `a~v `memcfnmcm~+


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A^BG BKMK@B \MK@_HFB^Bpdasif~`f sobeck }esfecmecf hwc nm~ femc`f bwbc`

`v~vdcb~`b evyyfpcm eb~b~swcecb~ df}`bkb lfcm~+ N}cf`v~vdcb~`b lfkfc hbyb hb~fefpm }f~`fk }veb~ à~v`v~(eakyf~gbks-+

Bkobe eb~b~swck mcf~m bbdbcb~k`b a~bg nvcvpcb~ acvv~+A~bg nvcvpcb~kk pfzf }esfecmm eb~b~swck m``fpmkfnbc acb~be p~azazaw sfym}fsmkmk wf~mkf eb`b~ ebnmcm~+

N}cf `v~vdcb~`b dmo~anv~sp# à|knv~sp lmnm hb`msfcf~a~pb}b ebnmcm~+

^wlb~ shfb~m nbedk`bk dmo~anv~sp yf à|knv~sp kfeb~ yf hf~ memsmk`f `f a~bg nvcvpvk`bk }f~f à~v nm~bed (à|k`~bip- dfyovppv~+ Npk nv acb}cb~k df}`bkblfc`mm `v~vdcb~`b }esfecmecf ~wlb~ kfdcm c`f`fmmecme lspf~m~+

Lf~fe nvcvp mm lf~fesf `f nvcvp `k`b evyyfpcm eb~b~swceyf a~bg `v~vdcb~k`b p~ncbksc bed yf nvkvk sakvov

acb~be evyyfpcm ^wlb~ _hfb~cb~m df}`bkb lfcm~+


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A^BG BKMK@B \MK@_HFB^

Vbe dapa~ lokk fpemsmk`f}efk yf hbyb`b swcdf

fskbsk`b ebkbp fesfkm}cf# ebkb`b lfcfk ~wlb~}k b~bsk`b nm~ b acvv~+ Nv b}b klmcmwof`fBklcf ai Bppboe bs b` yf~mcm~ +

Nv b}b ~wlb~k `f} nmcffkm fpem f`f~ yf nv

nmcffk# ofzhf yf eakyfepmi lfcmdfcf~mk ac`vveb~b~sw hbyb eavccb~ `v~vdvk`b ae kfdcm`m~+

wfccmecf }f~f `a~v evyyfpcm hbyb bedcb~kk ac`vv`a|knv~sp `v~vdvk`b acvbk evyyfpcm ^wlb~ _hfb~m

Bklcf ai Bppboe bs wf~mk`f ac`veb fpemcm`m~+

Zfe ae hbybbcbkk`b eb~bswcepbk eb}kbecbkbk^wlb~ _hfb~cb~mkmk sfnfz ac`vv vbe ebwbcb~lf~fecfdmpm~+


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MKYF^_MAK @V^VDVK@B \MK@_HFB^ Mkyf~smak b nbc ca| cfyfc |mk` shfb~ avkcvecb

ebzbc lfofcf~`f yf ofzhfsfc fkyf~wm}aknclfcf~mk`f l~c~+

_~pkdf pbnbebskk bcpk`bem (}f~ ~wlb~- mcf spsfym}fcf~ b~bsk`bem ib~e shfb~f kf`fk acv~+

]f~ sfym}fsmk`f v~lvk yf}b }byb hb~fefpdfyovpefk }veb~ sfym}fcf~`fem hbybkk hwc hb~fefpfpdfsm# mem }wf} b~bsk`b shfb~f kf`fk acv~+

P~ncbks sk~ pbnbebs

Hbdcfcm yf b~bcecb~cb `v~bk# evyyfpcm }f~ ~wlb~shfb~f kf`fk acv~+

_obe nclfcf~`f }f~`fem b~ skdb`bk acvbkpf~dbc p~ncbks# bb!}veb~ evyyfpcm hb~fefpcf~f

kf`fk acv~


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Pazal~bi}b }b nbc \mk`shfb~

Pfe nm~ `a~vcpv`b yf vwvk s~fcm nm~ hbyb hb~fefpm

~wlb~ nbedk`bk ib~ec }bz`b b~bwmcf~`f `fmmesakvcb~k `adbskb kf`fk acbnmcdfepf`m~+ Nv~b`bb~bwmkmk }bzs yf `fkmw yf}b lc lmnm sv epcfcf~mkf}bekc k zbcbkb edbepb`~+

@bce nclfcf~`fem b~bwmcf~`f `b yf yb`m dfcpfdcf~m(davkpbmk# ybccf} n~ffwf- df}`bkb lfcfnmcm~+ @b yfyb`m dfcpfdcf~mkmk fpemsmkmk evyyfpcm acdbsk`b yb`mpbnbkkk `f~mkcmm yf `b smcsmcfsmkmk }esfecmmkfdcm ~ac a}kbdbepb`~+


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Hf~ mem dfcpfd `v~vdvk`b `b }esfcmom yf edfepf

acbk hbyb epcfcf~mk`fk sw f`mcfnmcdfepf`m~+ Pf~dme}bzkk ib~ecce lspf~`mm `v~vdcb~`b `b yf yb`mdfcpfdcf~mkmk fpemsm `bhb `b b~pbobe yf evyyfpcm~wlb~cb~k acdbskb sfnfz acbobep~+

Npk nvkcb~k sakvovk`b s~pkdfkmk `f fpemsm}cf}f~`fk }veb~ `a~v ~wlb~ kfdcm `fmmecmecf~lspf~fofepm~+ Nv `v~vd`b wfccmecf }f~f }beksfym}fcf~`f evyyfpcm ^wlb~_hfb~cb~m nfecfkmcfnmcm~+


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@fkmw sfym}fsmk`fk ac`veb }esfe# `fkmw fpemsmk`fk

vwbe `w aybcb~`b# zcbpacb~`b lfof yf lk`wb~bsk`bem sobece ib~eccecb~ n}ep~+ Hbppb lkmf~msmk`f nmcf lkfcfkdf`fk `acb} ib~ec sobece`ff~cf~m acvbnmcm~+

Nvkvk sakvovk`b hbyb }avkcvvk`b bkm yf ib~ec`fmdfcf~ df}`bkb lfcm~+ N}cfof dme~a cfecmnbsk smspfdcf~m acvv~yf nvkvk sakvovk`b evyyfpcm~wlb~cb~df}`bkb lfcm~+

]f~ sfym}fsmk`f df}`bkb lfcfk evyyfpcm ~wlb~cb~s~pkdf pbnbebskb `a~v bwbcbnmcm~ yf nv fpemevyyfpcm ^wlb~ _hfb~cb~kk acvdbskb sfnfzacbnmcm~+


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\mk`shfb~ mk vv hbcmk`fem nm~ vbb fpemcf~mBcbe _fym}f wlb~ _hfb~mkmk vbecb~k zf~ia~dbkskb acbk fpemsmkm bkcb}bnmcdfemmk `fklfcm nm~ vv s~bsk`b# vbk wf~mkf fpem f`fk npk evyyfpcf~mk nmcmkdfsmlf~fedfepf`m~+ Nv evyyfpcf~ vvvk pfdfc z~fksmzcf~mkm pfemc f`f~+ _w eakvsvevyyfpcf~# dapa~ fpemsmk`f df}`bkb lfcfk Dapa~ pdf Evyyfpm (Ph~vsp-# VbkB~c (\fmlhp-# _~pkdf Evyyfpm (@~bl- yf Hbybkk Ebc`~db Evyyfpm`m~ (Cmip-Vv sw eakvsv nv `~p evyyfpmk `fklfsmk`f df}`bkb lfcm~+ Lyfkcm yf `fklfcm nm~

vv mmk nv `~p evyyfpmk nm~ nm~m b~bsk`bem `fklfkmk pbd acdbs wa~vkcv`v~


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\mk`shfb~ mk vv hbcmk`fem nm~ vbb fpemcf~mZmcap fmpmdmk`f mce acb~be ~wlb~k sb`fof vbk }f~f l~f acbkhwkb (L~avk` _zff`# L_- yf swcdf}f (`~mip- acbk fpemsm

~fpmcdfepf`m~+Bkobe ^wlb~k vbe wf~mk`fem npk fpemsm sw eakvsv mem `v~vdcbsk~c `fmc`m~+

Nv `b ^wlb~ _hfb~mkmk vbe wf~mkf acbk fpemsmkmk bkcbcdbsk`bn}e wa~cvecb~k }bbkdbskb kf`fk acdbepb`~+

^wlb~k L_ yf `~mipf acbk fpemsmkmk ^wlb~ _hfb~m `v~vdvk`b `bhbm}m bkcbcbnmcdfsm mmk# ~wlb~`bem bkm yf kfdcm `fmmecmmk hfsbnbebpcdbs ^wlb~ _hfb~mkmk vbecb~b acbk fpemsmkm `bhb m}mbkcbcbnmcm~ ecbobep~+

@wfkcm bek ac`vv `v~vdcb~`b yf ~wlb~k pf`~mom acb~be `fmpmm`v~vdcb~`b ~wlb~k vbe hwkb fpem fpdf`mm bb`bem fmpcme mcf`a~vcbk~+

L_ (L~avk` _zff`- 4 Vbk Lspf~lf Hw (k`mobpf` bm~ szff`- Vbb Fpem F`fk ^wlb~ Hw (\mk`-


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\mk`shfb~ mk vv hbcmk`fem nm~ vbb fpemcf~mL_ (L~avk` _zff`- 4 Vbk Lspf~lf Hw (k`mobpf` Bm~ _zff`- Vbb FpemF`fk ^wlb~ Hw (\mk`-

^wlb~ _hfb~mkf db~vw ebcbk nm~ vbepb# ebib yf ev}~ve ~wlb~ hwcb `fmmecme lspf~`mm

mmk f}cfdsmwcme hb~fefpm df}`bkb lfcfofepm~+Nv v~vd`b vbe kf hwcbkbnmcfofe kf f }bybcb}bnmcfofepm~+ B}k wbdbk`b vbe efk`ma~mgmkbc hwk `b ea~v}bdb}bobe yf sb`fof ~wlb~ hwkb l~f hb~fefpmkm s~`~fofepm~+ Nv m~`v~vd`b vbb fpem f`fk evyyfpcf~mk `fklfsm kfdcm c`f nawvcbobep~+

MB_42::ep%?:ep 2?:ep MB_42::ep%2:ep 22:ep


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\mk`shfb~ mk vv hbcmk`fem nm~ vbb fpemcf~m

MB_242::ep%?:ep 2?:ep MB_

>42::ep%2:ep 22:ep

MB_2

$ MB_>4>:ep

Vbe `wlk nm~ femc`f bcbcdb}b `fybd f`f~efk vbbfpem}fk ~wlb~ hwk`bem nv bkm `fmmecme vbe wf~mkffpem}fk evyyfpcf~mk nmcfef yfep~k `fmpm~fofepm~+ Vbe

}acvk`bk ~wlb~ fpemsm}cf df}`bkb nv nmcfef yfep~ eb`b~sbzdb lspf~fofepm~+

Vbe mkmf lfpmm s~b`b ebib ~wlb~k`b bkm yf hwc nm~

` yb~sb yf}b ev}~ve ~wlb~k`b bkm nm~ b~pdb sweakvsv msf nv `v~vd`b vbk hw ebib ~wlb~kk hw}cbb}k a~bk`b ` lspf~m~+ Nv `v~vd mkmf lfdm nm~vbk hwk`b bkm ` }b~bpbobk`bk vbk mkm fmdm

bkm`fk b~pb~+


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\mk`shfb~ mk vv hbcmk`fem nm~ vbb fpemcf~m

kofem `v~vdvk pf~smkf# vbe mkmf lfpmm s~b`b ebib~wlb~k`b bkm yf hwc nm~ }esfcm yb~sb yf}b ev}~ve

~wlb~k`b bkm nm~ ` yb~sb n}cf `v~vd`b vbe bkm`fkhwcbk~+

_akvpb vbk mkm bs bkm`fk b~pb~ yf vbk ebibs

}veb~ `a~v `memcfnmcm~+kofem `v~vdvk pf~smkf# vbe mkmf lfpmm s~b`b ebib~wlb~k`b bkm yf hwc nm~ }esfcm yb~sb yf}b ev}~ve

~wlb~k`b bkm nm~ ` yb~sb n}cf `v~vd`b vbe bkm`fkhwcbk~+

_akvpb vbk mkm bs bkm`fk b~pb~ yf vbk ebibs}veb~ `a~v `memcfnmcm~+


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\mk`shfb~ mk vv hbcmk`fem nm~ vbb fpemcf~mMB_4 L_ \

MB_2422:ep%2:ep 2>:ep MB_

>422:ep%?:ep 20:ep MB_

2$ MB_

>4>:ep


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Bb }kc bedcb~k nm~ vbb fpemcf~mBklcf ai Bppboe bs cmpf~bp~`f mcf lspf~mcm~+ bskb ~wlb~k`f} nmcffkm fpem f`f~ yf nv nmcffk# ofzhf yf eakyfepmilfcmdfcf~mk ac`vv eb~b~sw hbyb eavccb~ `v~vdvk`b ae

kfdcm`m~+ wfccmecf }f~f à~v evyyfpcm hbyb bedcb~kk ac`vvà|k`~bip `v~vdvk`b acvbk evyyfpcm ^wlb~ _hfb~m bswf~mk`f ac`veb fpemcm`m~+ Bb}b à~v acbk hbyb hb~fefpmk`f(à|k`~bip- bsk`bem bwbcdb ae `bhb kfdcm`m~+ Evyyfpcm nm~

à|k`~bip `v~vdvk`b hf~hbklm nm~ vbk sbhmz acbnmcfofm nmcfefyfep~k }k sb`bem femc`f lspf~mcdmpm~+


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Bb }kc bedcb~k nm~ vbb fpemcf~m

B$ Evyyfpcm nb ~wlb~# fkf~gm ebwbkd# MB_ b~pN$ Nb ~wlb~k`b # Fkf~gm eb}n# bb}b a~v dfO$ ev}~ve ~wlb~kk b~p# Fkf~gm eb}n# }becbdbkk eb~cdbs

@a|k`~bip Fiifop


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Bb }kc bedcb~k nm~ vbb fpemcf~m


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\mk` shfb~ mk pfszmpmL~f~fe Lwcfd\mk` _hfb~mk pfe nbkb lm`mbp# mcf~cf}mm l~cfdfw+ Bkobe avkcvecb fpemcf~m l~cfnmcm~+

Acvvd sfnfzcf~m }b `b }f~}wk`f df}`bkb lfpm~`mm fpemcf~f nbecb~be# b}kwbdbk`b nbeb dfpfa~acagme nmclmcf~mk }b~`d}cb \mk` _hfb~ pfszmpm }bzcbnmcm~+

V}lvk Dfpfa~acagme Bcfpcf~cf Lwcfd

Bkfdadfp~fcf~cf7

]bpb} zcbk`b zmsp na}vkob# }bpb} \mk` _hfb~m cdfe mmk bkfdadfp~fcf~ evccbkcbnmcm~+Pfef~ bcdb yf pfef~ ea}db lmnm vv mmk kfd b~w f`fk kaepbcb~b bkfdadfp~fcf~ev~vcb~be ~wlb~ nmclmcf~m ccfnmcm~

_ak`bg Nbcak7

Nbcak }esfcm~efk sfym}fcf~ b~bs ~wlb~cb~`bem ib~eccecb~ cc~+ @mef} \mk` _hfb~mkz~aimcmkm l~df bsk`bk ae }b~b~c`~+ Hbybbcbkcb~k`b wfccmecf `mef} \mk` _hfb~pfszmpmk`f seb evccbkcbk dfpappv~+

]f~ Dfpfa~acagm ^b`b~7Wb}i yf ib~ec feacb~ bclcbdb`b lfkfccmecf srvbc hbppk`bk `abk hbdcf ofzhfsm

pfszmpmk`f evccbkcbk ee bzc dfpfa~acagme ~b`b~cb~ dfyovppv~+ Nv ofzhfcf~`fkdf}`bkb lfcfk \mk` _hfb~m cdf`f nv ~b`b~cb~ evccbkcbnmcm~cf~+

Dfpfa~acagme V}`vcb~ mcf Lwcfd7\mk` _hfb~ mcf mclmcm acbk hbdcf ofzhfcf~m v}`vcb~ mcf lwcfkfnmcm~+ Ofzhfcf~mk bkbcmwcf~m mcf

_hfb~ pfszmpm }bzcbnmcm~+


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\mk` shfb~ mebwcb~kk pfdmkmDfpfa~acagme mhnb~cb~`bk#

Hbyb P~bime _f~ymsm mebwcb~k`bk#

Zmcapcb~k }bzd ac`vv mebw yf ~bza~cb~`bk (ZM^FZ- #

Vbe wf~mkf dakpfcm bcfp yf smspfdcf~`fk #

_pbk`b~p Vv Lyf~pfsm Femzdbkcb~kk Evccbkcdbs ( bcpmdfp~f yf `mef}hw mk`mebp~-

Da`mim}f F`mcdm @mef} Hw k`mebp~

Hbyb`b @azzcf~ ^b`b~

Nb$]veb~ Lspf~lfsm

Da`mim}f F`mcdm `v~lvk _fif~ _mspfdcf~m


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\mk` shfb~ mk skicbk`~cdbs (MOBAPbkdcbdbcb~-

Mkpfksmp} ai

|mk`shfb~

Yf~pmobc |mk`

shfb~!2:: ip

Ha~mwakpbc

|mk`

_hfb~!>::: ip

Vz a~ @a|k

`~bavlhp

Fiifop ak

icmlhp bcpmpv`f

Cmlhp : $0 ep : $0 ep : $0 ep _dbcc

Da`f~bpf 0$ 8 ep 0$ 8 ep 0$ 8 ep _mlkmimobkp

_p~akl 8$2> ep 8$2> ep 8$2> ep Hbwb~`avs

_fyf~f ; 2> ep ; 2> ep ; 2> ep Hmlhc}

`bklf~avs


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P^NCBK_Bb`bem `v~vdcb~`b P~ncbks df}`bkb lfpm~fk ee cfecm lm~`bzcb~

acvv~+$@wfkcm nm~ hbyb be hf~hbklm nm~ }wf} fklfcm kf`fkm mcf nvwvcv}a~sb+

$Ib~ec }k`fem yf}b hw`bem mem hbyb bed eb~cbpecb~k`b

$B}k bed mf~msmk`fem hbybkk hw bkm femc`f fmmecmf v~b` wbdbk

P~ncbksc hbyb`b ~wlb~ hwk`b esb s~fcm b~pcb~ yf}b bwbccb~ l~c~+

^wlb~ hwk`bem esb s~fcm bkm b~pcb~b Lvsp

^wlb~ hwk`bem esb s~fcm bkm bwbcdbcb~b `b Cvcc `fkm~+


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P^NCBK_MK ACVVDV yf FPCF^

P~ncbksk acvvdvk`b nbcob 0 kf`fk yb~`~+

b$ Eakyfepmi hb~fefpcf~ sakvov (Pf~dbc p~ncbks-

n$ ]f~}w femccf~m kf`fkm}cf (dfebkme p~ncbks-

o$ \mk` shfb~m kf`fkm}cf

`$ Vbk acvpv~`vv ( ev}~ve p~ncbks-

Cmlhp (Hbimi- $ ? mcb >:ip!sfo b~bs msf hbimi# Da`f~bpf (A~pb- $ >: mcf ?6ip!sfo msf A~pb m``fppf#

_fyf~f (Om``m- $ ?6 mcf 6:ip!sfo msf m``fpcm#

Fxp~fdf (B~- $ 6:ip!sfo `bk `bhb ibwcb msf ae m``fpcm acb~beb`cbk`~c~+


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Eakyfepmi hb~fefpcf~ sakvov acvbk (Pf~dbc - p~ncbks]fpf~m eb`b~ kfdf sbhmz acbk nm~ hbyb zb~sfcmk`f skdb l~cdfsm yf zb~sfc`f

eakyfepmi ibbcm}fpcf~mk nbcbdbs}cb acvbk p~ncbksp~+Nv pmz p~ncbksk m``fpm}f~}wkk kfdcmcmmkf#oa~bime }bzskb yf skdb `f~fofsmkf l~f `fmmecmelspf~m~+ Eakyfepmi bedcb~k m``fpm esdfk bcppbem }wf}mk kf eb`b~ sk`kbnbc`~+

_v }wf}cf~m `bhb }byb sk`k`bk }bw lkcf~mk`f e}cb~`bem p~ncbksk sfnfnmskdb ib~e`~


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]f~}w femccf~m kf`fkm}cf acvbk (dfebkme - p~ncbks_~pkdfkmk fpemsm}cf acvbk p~ncbksp~+Nvkvk acvdbsk`b }f~}wk`fem nmkbcb~#fklfnfcf~

~ac a}kb~+

Nv p~ p~ncbks nbwfk }bpb} acb~be lfkm nm~ sbhb`b fpemcm acbnmcm~+Nv pmz p~ncbksk m``fpm}f~}wk`fem fklfnfcf~mk }esfecmmkf }f~ ~wlb~kk hwkb yf sobece `fmmdmkfnbc`~+

@E ^WLB^ HMWM >: DZHKK BCPMK@B ]E_FE ^WLB^ HMWM >: DZH@FK ]E_FE


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Dfebkme P~ncbksk skicbk`~cdbs

_v~ibof \mk`326 ep 26 $ ?: ep ;?: ep

_fb Cmlhp Da`f~bpf Da`! _fyf~f

Zcbmk Akc} Cmlhp Da`f~bpf _fyf~f

N~aefk pf~~bmk Cmlhp$da`f~bpf _fyf~f Fxp~fdf

@b @bclbcb~


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@b @bclbcb~Evyyfpcm ~wlb~ bekk }esfe `b nb~m}f~mkf `a~v s~fecm be# `b

`bclbsk df}`bkb lfpm~m~+ Nv `bclbc be bcpk`b p~ncbksc nm~ bcbkacvv~ (davkpbmk |byf pv~nvcfkof-# b}fp kfd eavccb~ v}lvksb nv`bclbc be bcbkk`b `b `bclb nvcvpcb~ (davkpbmk |byf ocav`s-

acvv~

^apa~ P~ncbks

@bclb E~cdbs

@b @bclbs

\m ` _h m _ n nm c Ac P nc


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\mk` _hfb~m _fnfnm}cf Acvbk P~ncbks

Nfcm~cm nm~ `a~vcpv`b yf}b }k`f (}bpb} yf}b

`mef}- hb~fefp f`fk ~wlb~k s~bpmk`fem`fmmdmk }ac bp eb~p~db hb~fefpcf~m`fp~ncbksb kf`fk acv~+^wlb~k nfcm~cm}k`fem s~bp yf!yf}b mspmebdfpm kf eb`b~ ae

`fmm~sf p~ncbks a c`f m``fpcmacv~+P~ncbksb }bpb} yf `mef} lfkm bzc~wlb~ `fmmecmecf~mkmk }f~ bc` gfp ~wlb~cb~omyb~k`b ~bspcbk~+Nv pmz p~ncbks hmnm~ nvcvp

fdb~fsm l~cdf`fk be hbyb`b`blfcfnmc`mm mmk Be Hbyb P~ncbks OBP`fkm~+OBP nm~ `b `bclbs mmk`f`f l~cfnmcm~+

jaa atpl 050 meteoroloji -19 windshear and turbulence

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