of the progressive movement. Irving Howe and Lewis Coser, The American Communist Party: a critical history (Boston, 1957, $6.75) is useful and well-written. Kenneth S. Davis, The Hero: Charles A. Lindbergh and the American Dream (Garden City, N.Y., 1959, $4.95) has wide significance for a student of American character. Ernest R. May, The World War and American Isolation, 1914-17 (Cambridge, Mass., 1959, $7.50) is an impressive re-examination of the factors which brought America into the War in 1917 and reinforces the interpretation of Wilson's policy given by A. S. Link and C. S. Seymour. Harris G. Warren, Herbert Hoover and the Great Depression (New York, 1959, $7) is frankly apologetic and will not convince everyone; but it is an indication that it is no longer necessary, even amongst academic historians, to believe that all was darkness until 4 March, 1933. Mario Einaudi, The Roosevelt Revolution (New York, 1959, $5.95) is closer to the accepted canon but it also has some of the virtues of detachment.

W. R. BROCK

(4 LATIN AMERICA The Handbook of Latin American Sfudies, vol. ZI (University of Florida

Press, As) includes publications of the years 1955-57, The Indice Histdrico Espanol (Barcelona : Editorial Teide, 1958) continues its coverage of all aspects of Spanish American history and provides a particularly good service on the colonial period. A highly informative and practical guide to Italian archives and their contents is given by Ernest J. Burrus, S. J., " Research opportunities in Italian archives for students of Hispanic American history ", Hispanic American Historical Review, e, pp. 428-63 ; including bibliographical as well as archival information, it is a model of its kind. Joseph R. Barager, " The historiography of the Rio de la Plata area since 1830"~ Hispanic American Historical R r n k ! ~ , xxxix, pp. 588-642, inaugurates a new historiographical series presenting general trends in the writings on the history of the various areas since about 1830 with emphasis on publications that have appeared since 1920. The Incas of Pedro de Cieza de Ledn, ed. Victor Wolfgang von Hagen, trans. Harriet de Onis (University of Oklahoma Press, $5.95) is the first really complete edition in English of one of the few comprehensive and trustworthy accounts of the Inca empire by a man who was an eye-witness to its destruction. There are two ,documentary collections to be recorded. In Collecci'dn de docummtos para la historia de la formacidn social de Hispanoamknca, 14931810, vol. I1 (Madrid : Consejo Superior de Investi- gaciones Cientfficas, 1959 R. Konetske continues his source collection on Spanish American social history into the period 1593-1690; the documents are well chosen and edited, and are representative of the whole of the empire; this volume does a great deal to compensate for the comparative neglect of the seventeenth century by historians and points the way to further research. Jaime Cortesb, Antecedentes do Tratado de Madri. Jesuftas e bandeirantes no Paraguai (17031751) (Rio de Janeiro: Biblioteca Nacional; Manuscritos da Cole$io de Angelis, VI), continues the selection

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of documents from the Angelis Collection-mainly the reports of Jesuits and Spanish officials in the area-bearing on Spanish Portuguese rivalry and the antagonism between Jesuits and Paulistas.

Among monographs on the colonial period there are few worth record- i.ng. In Aristotle and the American Indians: a study of race prejudice in the modern world (London: Hollis & Carter, 18s.) Lewis Hanke gives an excellent account of the great debate of 1550 between Las Casas and Sep6lveda on the justice of Spanish methods of colonization. John Leddy Phelan, The Hispanization of the Philippines. Spanish aims and Fil@ino responses, 1565-1700 (University of Washington Press, $4) throws new light on the Spanish colonization of the Philippines, particu- larly on missionary methods, social and economic conditions and colonial administration. A. Dominguez Ortiz, ‘I La concesi6n de naturaleza para comerciar en Indias durante el siglo XVII ”, Revista de Indias, xix, pp. zz7-39, examines the records in the Archive of the Indies, Seville, relating to foreigners who were granted Spanish nationality in order to trade with the Indies in the seventeenth century and concludes that this constituted yet another serious loophole in the official policy of colonial monopoly. The article by P. Voltes Bou, “ Repercusiones de la guerra de Independencia de 10s Estados Unidos en el comercio espafiol de Indias ”, Revista de Indias, xix, pp. 213-21, fulfils less than is promised by the title but it contains some useful information from Barcelona archives on the reaction of Barcelona to its freedom to trade with the Indies after 1765. F. Chevalier, I‘ Survivances seigneuriales et presages de la RCvolution agraire dans le Nord du Mexique (fin du XVIII” et XIX’ sikcle) ”, Revue Historique, ccxxii, pp. 1-18, traces the agrarian revolution in Mexico to its roots in eighteenth-century criticism of the seignorial system.

For the independence period pride of place goes to John Street, Art%as and the Emancipation of Uruguay (C.U.P., 52s. 6d.) which is not simply a biography of JosC Artigas who fought for the creation of an independent state on the banks of the River Plate in the years 1811-20, but is also a history of the whole basin of the Plate in the period. Mark J. Van Aken, Pan Hispanism: Its Origin and, Development to 1866 (University of Cali- fornia Press, $3.50) illustrates one aspect of Spanish reaction to the disintegration of the empire-the campaign in Spain to create closer economic and cultural relations with Spanish America. The main outlines of Catholic social and political thought in Argentina from 1810 to the end of the Per6n rdgime are well traced against a background of political events by John J. Kennedy in Catholicism, Nationalism and Democracy in Argentina (University of Notre Dame Press, 1958, $4.75). There is an important contribution to economic history by D. M. Pletcher, Rails, Mines and Progress: Seven American Promoters in Mexico, 1867- 1911 (O.U.P., 45s.) an excellent account of American investments and economic activities in Mexico through a study of the careers of the selected cases in railways and mining. Finally, Ronald M. Schneider, Communism in Guatemala, Ig#-5,# (University of Pennsylvania Press, $6) elucidates the aims and methods of the Communist Party in Guatemala, but his interpretation of its role in the country’s politics is less satisfactory.

JOHN LYNCH

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