itto forest department, myanmar...utilization and conservation of timber-producing forests and their...

INTERNATIONAL TROPICAL TIMBER ORGANIZATION

TITLE

SERIAL NUMBER

COl\1MITTEE

SUBMITTED BY

ORIGINAL LANGUAGE

SUl\1MARY

ITTO PROJECT DOCUMENT

TEAK-BASED MULTISTORIED AGROFORESTRY SYSTEM: AN INTEGRATED APPROACH TOWARDS SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF FORESTS

PD 3/98 Rev.l (F)

REFORESTATION AND FOREST MANAGEMENT

GOVERNMENT OF MY ANMAR

ENGLISH

The proposed project site is Myayabinkyaw Reserve Forest in Bago Yoma, which is renowned as the legendary home of some of the best natural teak stands in Myanmar. The Reserve Forest is degraded due to a number of social and economic reasons. The proposed project will establish teak-based multistoried agroforestry system with the objectives of rehabilitating degraded forests, evaluating the best approach for maximum possible economic returns from planted forests, cash crops and fruit trees, improving soil status and promoting people participation and partnership.

EXECUTING AGENCY

COOPERATING GOVERNMENTS

DURATION

APPROXIMATE STARTING DATE

BUDGET AND PROPOSED SOURCES OF FINANCE

FOREST DEPARTMENT, MYANMAR

2 YEARS

TO BE DETERMINED

Contribution Local Currency Source inUS$ Equivalent

ITTO 229,315 Gov't of Myanmar 301,600 Kyats 1,809,600

TOTAL 53(),915

INTERNATIONAL TROPICAL TIMBER ORGANIZATION

TITLE

SERIAL NUMBER

COl\1MITTEE

SUBMITTED BY

ORIGINAL LANGUAGE

SUl\1MARY

ITTO PROJECT DOCUMENT

TEAK-BASED MULTISTORIED AGROFORESTRY SYSTEM: AN INTEGRATED APPROACH TOWARDS SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF FORESTS

PD 3/98 Rev.l (F)

REFORESTATION AND FOREST MANAGEMENT

GOVERNMENT OF MY ANMAR

ENGLISH

The proposed project site is Myayabinkyaw Reserve Forest in Bago Yoma, which is renowned as the legendary home of some of the best natural teak stands in Myanmar. The Reserve Forest is degraded due to a number of social and economic reasons. The proposed project will establish teak-based multistoried agroforestry system with the objectives of rehabilitating degraded forests, evaluating the best approach for maximum possible economic returns from planted forests, cash crops and fruit trees, improving soil status and promoting people participation and partnership.

EXECUTING AGENCY

COOPERATING GOVERNMENTS

DURATION

APPROXIMATE STARTING DATE

BUDGET AND PROPOSED SOURCES OF FINANCE

FOREST DEPARTMENT, MYANMAR

2 YEARS

TO BE DETERMINED

Contribution Local Currency Source inUS$ Equivalent

ITTO 229,315 Gov't of Myanmar 301,600 Kyats 1,809,600

TOTAL 53(),915

- 1 -

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PART 1 : CONTEXT 1

A.

1

2

3

B.

1

2

3

Relevance to ITTO

Compliance with ITTO Objectives

Compliance with ITTO Criteria

Relationship to ITTO Action Plan and Priorities

Relevance to National Policies

Relationship to Sectoral Policies affecting Tropical Timber

Relationship to Subsectoral Aims and Programmes

Institutional and Legal Framework

1

1

1

2

3

3

4

4

PARTII: THE PROJECT 5

5

5

5

5

5

1

2

3

Origin

Project Objectives

2.1 Development objective

2.2 Specific objectives 1


Project Justification 6

3.1 Problems to be addressed 6

3.2 Characteristics of the rgion or the area where the pre-project will be located 6

3.3 Other relevant aspects of''pre-project situation" 7

3.4 Intended situation after the project completion 7

3.5 Target beneficiaries 7

3.6 Project Strategy 7

3.6.1 Reasons for selection

3.6.2 Lessons drawn from past evaluation

3.6.3 Technical and scientific aspects

3.6.4 Economic aspects

3.6.5 Environmental aspects

3.6.6 Social aspects

3.6.7 Managerial aspects

7

7

8

11

11

11

12

- 1 -

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PART 1 : CONTEXT 1

A.

1

2

3

B.

1

2

3

Relevance to ITTO

Compliance with ITTO Objectives

Compliance with ITTO Criteria

Relationship to ITTO Action Plan and Priorities

Relevance to National Policies

Relationship to Sectoral Policies affecting Tropical Timber

Relationship to Subsectoral Aims and Programmes

Institutional and Legal Framework

1

1

1

2

3

3

4

4

PARTII: THE PROJECT 5

5

5

5

5

5

1

2

3

Origin

Project Objectives




Project Justification 6

3.1 Problems to be addressed 6

3.2 Characteristics of the rgion or the area where the pre-project will be located 6

3.3 Other relevant aspects of''pre-project situation" 7

3.4 Intended situation after the project completion 7

3.5 Target beneficiaries 7

3.6 Project Strategy 7




3.6.4 Economic aspects




7

7

8

11

11

11

12

4

5

6

7

8

9

3.7

3.8

Reasons for ITTO support

Risks

Outputs

Activities and Inputs

Logical Framework Worksheets

Work Plan

- 11 -

Institutional Arrangements for Execution and Operation

8.1

8.2

8.3

Management structure

Future operation and maintenance

Key staff

Possible Future Actions

PART Ill: MONITORING, REPORTING AND EVALUATION

1

2

3

Arrangement for reporting

Arrangement for ITTO monitoring and review

Evaluation

PART IV: PROJECT BUDGET

Myanmar Contribution 1.

2. ITTO Contribution

A.

B.

C.

Cost estimate breakdown

Project Budget by Activities

Consolidated Project Budget by Source Component (US $)

FIGURE AND ANNEXES

Figure(1) Description of Proposed Project Area

Figure (2) Location Map of Project Site

Annex 1 Logical Framework Worksheets

Annex 2 Work Plan

Annex 3 Project Organizational Structure

Annex 4 Terms of Reference

12

13

14

14

16

16

17

17

17

17

17

19

19

19

19

20

20

22

22

24

27

28

29

30

34

38

39

4

5

6

7

8

9

3.7

3.8

Reasons for ITTO support

Risks

Outputs

Activities and Inputs

Logical Framework Worksheets

Work Plan

- 11 -

Institutional Arrangements for Execution and Operation

8.1

8.2

8.3

Management structure

Future operation and maintenance

Key staff

Possible Future Actions

PART Ill: MONITORING, REPORTING AND EVALUATION

1

2

3

Arrangement for reporting

Arrangement for ITTO monitoring and review

Evaluation


Myanmar Contribution 1.


A.

B.

C.

Cost estimate breakdown

Project Budget by Activities

Consolidated Project Budget by Source Component (US $)

FIGURE AND ANNEXES

Figure(1) Description of Proposed Project Area

Figure (2) Location Map of Project Site

Annex 1 Logical Framework Worksheets

Annex 2 Work Plan

Annex 3 Project Organizational Structure

Annex 4 Terms of Reference

12

13

14

14

16

16

17

17

17

17

17

19

19

19

19

20

20

22

22

24

27

28

29

30

34

38

39

PART I: CONTEXT

A. Relevance to ITTO

1. Compliance with ITTO Objectives

The project meets the following objectives of the International Tropical Timber Agreement, 1994:

( c) To contribute to the process of sustainable development;

(d) To enhance the capacity of members to implement a strategy for achieving exports of tropical timber and timber products from sustainably managed sources by the Year 2000;

(f) To promote and support research and development with a view to improving forest management and efficiency of wood utilization as well as increasing the capacity to conserve and enhance other forest values in timber-producing tropical forests;

(j) To encourage members to support and develop industrial tropical timber reforestation and forest management activities as well as rehabilitation of degraded forest land, with due regard for the interests of local communities dependent on forest resources;

(1) To encourage members to develop national policies aimed at sustainable utilization and conservation of timber-producing forests and their genetic resources and at maintaining the ecological balance in the regions concerned, in the context of tropical timber trade; and

(m) To promote the access to, and transfer of, technologies and technical cooperation to implement the objectives of this Agreement, including on confessional and preferential terms and conditions, as mutually agreed.

2. Compliance with ITTO Criteria

It strongly relates to environmental restoration of degraded forest lands, establishment of mixed plantations of teak and other industrial timber species and community-own firewood plantations and trainings on community participatory agroforestry: all of which will support the exercise of sustainable forest management (SFM). And, it is also in conformity with all of the 5 criteria as follows:

Criterion (a): they must be related to the production and use of industrial tropical timber.

The project will establish teak-based multistoried agroforestry system, including nitrogen-fixing fuelwood tree species on degraded lands to supply sawn timber, fuelwood, the basic needs of local people and to restore the environmental services. It will serve as buffer zone to the interior and near-by natural tropical production forests of the Bago Yoma.

Criterion (b): they must yield benefits to the tropical timber economy as a whole and be relevant to both producing and consuming countries.

The project will reduce the dependence on natural production forests by local communities, to meet their basic needs and also will be in support of sustainable production of commercially valuable timbers for both domestic and international

PART I: CONTEXT

A. Relevance to ITTO

1. Compliance with ITTO Objectives

The project meets the following objectives of the International Tropical Timber Agreement, 1994:

( c) To contribute to the process of sustainable development;

(d) To enhance the capacity of members to implement a strategy for achieving exports of tropical timber and timber products from sustainably managed sources by the Year 2000;

(f) To promote and support research and development with a view to improving forest management and efficiency of wood utilization as well as increasing the capacity to conserve and enhance other forest values in timber-producing tropical forests;

(j) To encourage members to support and develop industrial tropical timber reforestation and forest management activities as well as rehabilitation of degraded forest land, with due regard for the interests of local communities dependent on forest resources;

(1) To encourage members to develop national policies aimed at sustainable utilization and conservation of timber-producing forests and their genetic resources and at maintaining the ecological balance in the regions concerned, in the context of tropical timber trade; and

(m) To promote the access to, and transfer of, technologies and technical cooperation to implement the objectives of this Agreement, including on confessional and preferential terms and conditions, as mutually agreed.

2. Compliance with ITTO Criteria

It strongly relates to environmental restoration of degraded forest lands, establishment of mixed plantations of teak and other industrial timber species and community-own firewood plantations and trainings on community participatory agroforestry: all of which will support the exercise of sustainable forest management (SFM). And, it is also in conformity with all of the 5 criteria as follows:

Criterion (a): they must be related to the production and use of industrial tropical timber.

The project will establish teak-based multistoried agroforestry system, including nitrogen-fixing fuelwood tree species on degraded lands to supply sawn timber, fuelwood, the basic needs of local people and to restore the environmental services. It will serve as buffer zone to the interior and near-by natural tropical production forests of the Bago Yoma.

Criterion (b): they must yield benefits to the tropical timber economy as a whole and be relevant to both producing and consuming countries.

The project will reduce the dependence on natural production forests by local communities, to meet their basic needs and also will be in support of sustainable production of commercially valuable timbers for both domestic and international

2

tropical timber trade. As a consequence, the proposed proj ect will enhance tropical timber economy.

Criterion (c): they must be related to maintaining and expanding the international trade in tropical timber.

The project is designed to provide teak with intermediate yields of latex and timber from rubber trees. Chukrasia tabularis and Gmelina arborea will also be planted together with teak. Silvicultural performance' of teak, rubber Chukrasia tabularis and Gmelina arborea would be monitored and assessed so as to enable recommend the best treatment to enhance sustainable supply of tropical timber in world markets.

Criterion (d): they must offer reasonable prospects for positive economic returns in relation to costs.

This proposal has a major research component which will evaluate the potentials for economic returns from pure teak plantations, mixed plantations of teak, rubber, Chukrasia tabularis ,and Gmelina arborea with different spacings. Trials will provide corresponding economic returns together with the initial income from agroforestry cash crops of the farmers' choice. Cost-benefit analysis will indicate what mix is the best approach. Cultivation of food crops and fruit trees as agroforestry would also provide economic returns to local people. Cassia siamea, the native species to Myanmar will also be planted for soil improvement and for satisfying basic needs of local people.

Criterion ( e): They must make maximum use of existing research institutions and avoid duplication of effort to the maximum extent.

The project will liaise closely with researchers, scientists and professionals from relevant government research institutes, such as Forest Research Institute (FR!) and Agricultural Research Institute (ARI).

3. Relationship to ITTO Action Plan and Priorities

This project proposal is directly related to the following activities identified in the ITTO Action Plan:

I Arrest the decline and degradation of tropical forests and bring all productive forest estates as soon as possible under sustainable management to achieve the ITTO's Year 2000 Objective;

11 Support national strategies or efforts in full conformity with ITTO's principles;

111 Undertake forestry sector policy reviews following the principles of SFM;

IV Support to achieve continued development of tropical forest management practices and regulations for sustainable management of the tropical forests, taking into account the ITTO Guidelines, with adaptations to national and local conditions;

v Help for governments to develop appropriate policy measure and to discourage wasteful and environmentally harmful practices.

Additionally, this project meets paragraphs 2(e), 3(a)(ii) and 4(g), article 27 of ITTO, 1994:

2 (e) Facilitate the transfer of knowledge in the field of reforestation and forest management with the assistance of competent organizations;

2

tropical timber trade. As a consequence, the proposed proj ect will enhance tropical timber economy.

Criterion (c): they must be related to maintaining and expanding the international trade in tropical timber.

The project is designed to provide teak with intermediate yields of latex and timber from rubber trees. Chukrasia tabularis and Gmelina arborea will also be planted together with teak. Silvicultural performance' of teak, rubber Chukrasia tabularis and Gmelina arborea would be monitored and assessed so as to enable recommend the best treatment to enhance sustainable supply of tropical timber in world markets.

Criterion (d): they must offer reasonable prospects for positive economic returns in relation to costs.

This proposal has a major research component which will evaluate the potentials for economic returns from pure teak plantations, mixed plantations of teak, rubber, Chukrasia tabularis ,and Gmelina arborea with different spacings. Trials will provide corresponding economic returns together with the initial income from agroforestry cash crops of the farmers' choice. Cost-benefit analysis will indicate what mix is the best approach. Cultivation of food crops and fruit trees as agroforestry would also provide economic returns to local people. Cassia siamea, the native species to Myanmar will also be planted for soil improvement and for satisfying basic needs of local people.

Criterion ( e): They must make maximum use of existing research institutions and avoid duplication of effort to the maximum extent.

The project will liaise closely with researchers, scientists and professionals from relevant government research institutes, such as Forest Research Institute (FR!) and Agricultural Research Institute (ARI).

3. Relationship to ITTO Action Plan and Priorities

This project proposal is directly related to the following activities identified in the ITTO Action Plan:

I Arrest the decline and degradation of tropical forests and bring all productive forest estates as soon as possible under sustainable management to achieve the ITTO's Year 2000 Objective;

11 Support national strategies or efforts in full conformity with ITTO's principles;

111 Undertake forestry sector policy reviews following the principles of SFM;

IV Support to achieve continued development of tropical forest management practices and regulations for sustainable management of the tropical forests, taking into account the ITTO Guidelines, with adaptations to national and local conditions;

v Help for governments to develop appropriate policy measure and to discourage wasteful and environmentally harmful practices.

Additionally, this project meets paragraphs 2(e), 3(a)(ii) and 4(g), article 27 of ITTO, 1994:

2 (e) Facilitate the transfer of knowledge in the field of reforestation and forest management with the assistance of competent organizations;

3

3 (a)(ii) Promote human resources development and training; and

4 (g) Take account of the need to strengthen capacity building and human resources development in member countries.

B. Relevance to National Policies

1. Relationship to sectoralpolicies affecting tropical timber

The 1995 Myanmar Forest Policy is in line with both the UNCED agreement, particularly the Principles of Forests and Agenda 21 (Combating Desertification).

The Policy Document includes the following strategic objectives, among others:

To elaborate multi-sectoral land-use plan in order to ensure land use and management practices are environmentally friendly, socially acceptable and economically viable;

To protect, up-keep and extend the existing areas of permanent forest estate (PFE) and protected areas system (PAS) to secure forest resource base;

To accelerate regeneration and afforestation, and rehabilitate the degraded forest lands;

To promote efficient harvesting and sustainable utilization of all forms of forest produce;

To initiate development planning for the forestry sector to ensure SFM;

To strengthen forestry institutions both quantitatively and qualitatively; and

To raise people's participation and public awareness for people-based forestry development.

The proposed project takes full cognizance ofthe above objectives.

In addition, Sections 14 and 15 of Forest Law, 1992 has stated as follows:

14. Ifpermission is obtained from the Government:

(a) the Government and any person or any organization have the right to carry out in joint-venture;

(b) any person or any organization has the right to carry out in accordance with the stipulation, cultivation and maintenance of forest plantations with the exception of village-owned firewood plantations cultivated by the villagers for their use.

15. The Director-General may grant permission to establish with stipulation the following village-owned firewood plantations in a reserved forest or protected public forest or on land at the disposal of the Government in the vicinity of the village:

(a) firewood plantation established by the Forest Department for a certain period and then transferred to be maintained and used as village-owned;

(b) village-owned firewood plantation established, maintained and used by the villages by collective labour.

The proposed project is fully supported by the above Sections of the Forest Law,1992.

3

3 (a)(ii) Promote human resources development and training; and

4 (g) Take account of the need to strengthen capacity building and human resources development in member countries.

B. Relevance to National Policies

1. Relationship to sectoralpolicies affecting tropical timber

The 1995 Myanmar Forest Policy is in line with both the UNCED agreement, particularly the Principles of Forests and Agenda 21 (Combating Desertification).

The Policy Document includes the following strategic objectives, among others:

To elaborate multi-sectoral land-use plan in order to ensure land use and management practices are environmentally friendly, socially acceptable and economically viable;

To protect, up-keep and extend the existing areas of permanent forest estate (PFE) and protected areas system (PAS) to secure forest resource base;

To accelerate regeneration and afforestation, and rehabilitate the degraded forest lands;

To promote efficient harvesting and sustainable utilization of all forms of forest produce;

To initiate development planning for the forestry sector to ensure SFM;

To strengthen forestry institutions both quantitatively and qualitatively; and

To raise people's participation and public awareness for people-based forestry development.

The proposed project takes full cognizance ofthe above objectives.

In addition, Sections 14 and 15 of Forest Law, 1992 has stated as follows:

14. Ifpermission is obtained from the Government:

(a) the Government and any person or any organization have the right to carry out in joint-venture;

(b) any person or any organization has the right to carry out in accordance with the stipulation, cultivation and maintenance of forest plantations with the exception of village-owned firewood plantations cultivated by the villagers for their use.

15. The Director-General may grant permission to establish with stipulation the following village-owned firewood plantations in a reserved forest or protected public forest or on land at the disposal of the Government in the vicinity of the village:

(a) firewood plantation established by the Forest Department for a certain period and then transferred to be maintained and used as village-owned;

(b) village-owned firewood plantation established, maintained and used by the villages by collective labour.

The proposed project is fully supported by the above Sections of the Forest Law,1992.

4

2. Relationship to subsectoral aims and programmes

One of the most significant developments in Forest Sector is the recent issuance of "Community Forestry Instructions, 1995" by the Forest Department (FD). The instructions, 1995 aim at satisfying the rural communities' basic needs, particularly firewood, post and poles, to rehabilitate degraded forest lands and to support income generation and increased food security in rural areas. The draft of "Community Forestry Rules" has also been finalized and will be enacted soon.

The Community Forestry Instructions, 1995 is a comprehensive and liberal legal framework to promote community participation in forestry.

As plantation forestry is an important activity area of community forestry, FD is placing more emphasis on community-use plantations, upon which targets have increased over time: from 24% of the total area planted during 1973-1992 period to 50% of the total targeted for the 1994-1998 period.

3. Institutional and legal framework

FD, the executing agency of the project, is responsible for the management of forest resources, including protection, production and conservation within the context of sustainable development. The facilities of the FD will be made available for the development and execution ofthe project.

4

2. Relationship to subsectoral aims and programmes

One of the most significant developments in Forest Sector is the recent issuance of "Community Forestry Instructions, 1995" by the Forest Department (FD). The instructions, 1995 aim at satisfying the rural communities' basic needs, particularly firewood, post and poles, to rehabilitate degraded forest lands and to support income generation and increased food security in rural areas. The draft of "Community Forestry Rules" has also been finalized and will be enacted soon.

The Community Forestry Instructions, 1995 is a comprehensive and liberal legal framework to promote community participation in forestry.

As plantation forestry is an important activity area of community forestry, FD is placing more emphasis on community-use plantations, upon which targets have increased over time: from 24% of the total area planted during 1973-1992 period to 50% of the total targeted for the 1994-1998 period.

3. Institutional and legal framework

FD, the executing agency of the project, is responsible for the management of forest resources, including protection, production and conservation within the context of sustainable development. The facilities of the FD will be made available for the development and execution ofthe project.

5

PART II: THE PROJECT

1. Origin

Bago Y oma, in which the proposed site is located, is the legendary home of some of the best of natural teak stands. But these forests are now being degraded due to a number of social and economic reasons. The Forest Department is the sole agency responsible to restore the production as well as servicing functions of these degraded teak forests. However, to-day's public preference is changing. Demands on forests are diverse and varied. Rehabilitation efforts by sectoral tree planting alone is simply far from adequate. It needs to take account of the environmental stability, land productivity, timber supply and well-being of local people in addition to sustainable development of economically viable forest industry and international tropical timber trade. It is perceived by the Forest Department that degraded natural forests of Bago Yoma should be better restocked with planted teak, the original inhabitant, while stipulating early and higher economic returns from agroforestry products and from wood and non-wood yields of other shortrotation industrial timber species. In this context, the Forest Department is also convinced that establishment of partnership with other related agencies, private sector, local communities and non-governmental organizations is the key to the success. The present proposal has thus originated from this perception.

2. Project Objectives


To restore productivity and ecological balance of the degraded natural teak forests of Bago Y oma to achieve progress towards sustainable forest management by forming mixed plantations of teak and other species of high economic potential, based on partnership between Forest Department, related agencies, public sector and local communities.

The present proposed agroforestry project will stand out as a demonstration farm for other similar areas within the country. The upper story of the plantation will provide timber, while other lower stories are primarily intended to meet the basic needs of local community. With increasing biomass, the fertility and structure of the soil at the project site will gradually be improved. It is also expected that micro-environment would become more stabilized and balanced. At the same time, the project will be in support of increased timber production, particularly teak and rubber so that internationally trade of tropical timber would be sustained and enhanced for the benefits of both producer and consumer member countries of ITTO.

2.2 Specific objectives

Specific objective 1

Establish teak-based multistoried plantations integrated with other industrial timber species and agroforestry to enhance site value and generate early economic returns.

5

PART II: THE PROJECT

1. Origin

Bago Y oma, in which the proposed site is located, is the legendary home of some of the best of natural teak stands. But these forests are now being degraded due to a number of social and economic reasons. The Forest Department is the sole agency responsible to restore the production as well as servicing functions of these degraded teak forests. However, to-day's public preference is changing. Demands on forests are diverse and varied. Rehabilitation efforts by sectoral tree planting alone is simply far from adequate. It needs to take account of the environmental stability, land productivity, timber supply and well-being of local people in addition to sustainable development of economically viable forest industry and international tropical timber trade. It is perceived by the Forest Department that degraded natural forests of Bago Yoma should be better restocked with planted teak, the original inhabitant, while stipulating early and higher economic returns from agroforestry products and from wood and non-wood yields of other shortrotation industrial timber species. In this context, the Forest Department is also convinced that establishment of partnership with other related agencies, private sector, local communities and non-governmental organizations is the key to the success. The present proposal has thus originated from this perception.

2. Project Objectives


To restore productivity and ecological balance of the degraded natural teak forests of Bago Y oma to achieve progress towards sustainable forest management by forming mixed plantations of teak and other species of high economic potential, based on partnership between Forest Department, related agencies, public sector and local communities.

The present proposed agroforestry project will stand out as a demonstration farm for other similar areas within the country. The upper story of the plantation will provide timber, while other lower stories are primarily intended to meet the basic needs of local community. With increasing biomass, the fertility and structure of the soil at the project site will gradually be improved. It is also expected that micro-environment would become more stabilized and balanced. At the same time, the project will be in support of increased timber production, particularly teak and rubber so that internationally trade of tropical timber would be sustained and enhanced for the benefits of both producer and consumer member countries of ITTO.

2.2 Specific objectives



6


Identify research and development (R & D) activities to monitor and evaluate economic potentials and environmental effects of teak-based plantations with different species associations and different spacings.

3. Project Justification

3.1 Problems to be addressed

Some of the major problems encountered are as follows:

(i) Encroachment into forests for agriculture, infrastructure development and settlement as the popUlation expands;

(ii) Illicit cutting and logging of trees for commercial purposes;

(iii) Practice of shifting cultivation at the subsistence level;

(iv) Excessive cutting of trees for firewood and charcoal making;

(v) Inadequate awareness oflocal people on sustainable forest management for long-term productivity and environmental functions of forest resources;

(vi) Absence of partnership and management responsibility sharing between local communities, forestry and other related sectors; and

(vii) Lack of experience and precedence to encourage private sector investment for sustainable development of forest resources in Myanmar in the past.

Unless appropriate actions are undertaken in a timely manner, the remaining teak stands of the Bago Y oma could be depleted in the very near future, adversely affecting the tropical timber trade and economy.

3.2 Characteristics ofthe region or the area where the project will be located

The proposed project area is Myayabinkyaw Reserve Forest in the Bago Yoma Region. It is located in Phyu and Oktwin Townships of Toungoo Forest District, Bago Forest Division. It is about 250 km by road to the north of Yangon. The topography is more or less undulating and the elevation does not exceed 250 m above sea level. Annual rainfall ranges between 1500 mm and 2000 mm with an average of about 125 raining days per annum, starting from mid-May. Dominant forest type in the area is Lower Mixed Deciduous Forest, with patches of Deciduous Dipterocarp Forest, depending on edaphic factor. Surface soils are generally sandy. The Myayabinkyaw Reserve Forest has been notified as reserve since 15 October 1907.

Total area of the Myayabinkyaw Reserve Forest is 10,419 ha (7,787 ha in Phyu and 2,632 ha in Oktwin). Location map of the project area is given as Figure 1.

Due to good access and close proximity to settlements, serious encroachment has taken place in the proposed area. Excessive cutting of trees for firewood, combined with shifting cultivation, has been attributable to the occurrence of denuded and degraded forest lands in the area.

Twenty-six villages, comprising of 4604 households with an approximate 20,590 villagers are located in the close proximity ofthe project area.

The villagers usually grow paddy, sunflower, beans and peas, water melons and sugarcane and other vegatables. Cattle raising is also one of the important activities practised by the villagers.

6


Identify research and development (R & D) activities to monitor and evaluate economic potentials and environmental effects of teak-based plantations with different species associations and different spacings.

3. Project Justification

3.1 Problems to be addressed

Some of the major problems encountered are as follows:

(i) Encroachment into forests for agriculture, infrastructure development and settlement as the popUlation expands;

(ii) Illicit cutting and logging of trees for commercial purposes;

(iii) Practice of shifting cultivation at the subsistence level;

(iv) Excessive cutting of trees for firewood and charcoal making;

(v) Inadequate awareness oflocal people on sustainable forest management for long-term productivity and environmental functions of forest resources;

(vi) Absence of partnership and management responsibility sharing between local communities, forestry and other related sectors; and

(vii) Lack of experience and precedence to encourage private sector investment for sustainable development of forest resources in Myanmar in the past.

Unless appropriate actions are undertaken in a timely manner, the remaining teak stands of the Bago Y oma could be depleted in the very near future, adversely affecting the tropical timber trade and economy.

3.2 Characteristics ofthe region or the area where the project will be located

The proposed project area is Myayabinkyaw Reserve Forest in the Bago Yoma Region. It is located in Phyu and Oktwin Townships of Toungoo Forest District, Bago Forest Division. It is about 250 km by road to the north of Yangon. The topography is more or less undulating and the elevation does not exceed 250 m above sea level. Annual rainfall ranges between 1500 mm and 2000 mm with an average of about 125 raining days per annum, starting from mid-May. Dominant forest type in the area is Lower Mixed Deciduous Forest, with patches of Deciduous Dipterocarp Forest, depending on edaphic factor. Surface soils are generally sandy. The Myayabinkyaw Reserve Forest has been notified as reserve since 15 October 1907.

Total area of the Myayabinkyaw Reserve Forest is 10,419 ha (7,787 ha in Phyu and 2,632 ha in Oktwin). Location map of the project area is given as Figure 1.

Due to good access and close proximity to settlements, serious encroachment has taken place in the proposed area. Excessive cutting of trees for firewood, combined with shifting cultivation, has been attributable to the occurrence of denuded and degraded forest lands in the area.

Twenty-six villages, comprising of 4604 households with an approximate 20,590 villagers are located in the close proximity ofthe project area.

The villagers usually grow paddy, sunflower, beans and peas, water melons and sugarcane and other vegatables. Cattle raising is also one of the important activities practised by the villagers.

7

3.3 Other relevant aspects of "pre-project situation"

Widespread occurrence of degraded forest lands due to excessive cutting of trees and abandoned shifting cultivation areas is common in the Myayabinkyaw Reserve Forest and can be seen even from the highway. One promising approach to reverse this trend is to raise community awareness on forest values, and to provide opportunities to the villagers to participate in the forest management. So far, private sector involvement in forest management has not been significantly developed, particularly in the establishment of commercial plantations.

3.4 Intended situation after the project completion

By the end of the project, teak plantations integrated with other industrial timber species and agroforestry would have been established for demonstration purpose. The established teak plantations will have also been serving as a buffer for the natural teak-bearing forests on the Bago-Yoma. The established teak plantations will have also been serving as a buffer zone for the natural teak-bearing forests on the Bago Y oma. Public awareness on community forestry in the form of agroforestry through demonstration, participation, training and extension would have increased. The project could have attracted the interest of private sector to invest in industrial tree planting on the commercial scale. Research and development activities would have been in place to evaluate the economic potentials and environmental impacts of mixed plantations by regularly monitoring the research plots of different treatments.

3.5 Target beneficiaries

Target beneficiaries will include local people and the Forest Department itself. If the project could have motivated private sector to invest in forestry as intended particularly in the long run, the target beneficiaries will also include the private sector.

3.6 Project strategy


Excessive firewood cutting, charcoal making, shifting cultivation and other forms of encroachment into forests such as sugarcane planting, permanent farming are becoming more pronounced even in reserved forests. Local communities still remain away from forest management as ever before. Law enforcement activities and sectoral approach in isolation from other sectors cannot effectively control illegal activities and unwise use of forest lands. It is imperative to work out operational approaches towards harmonizing land use competition and responsibility sharing in forest management through community awareness and participation, and on partnership basis with other related sectors. Private sector involvement would also be encouraged and initiated by demonstrating the high economic potentials of .mixed plantations of teak and other industrial timber speCIes.


In the past, forest management was mainly derived from central planning, with major emphasis on timber production for the state. Public education and extension services had been given low priority in forestry, and as a result, local communities

7

3.3 Other relevant aspects of "pre-project situation"

Widespread occurrence of degraded forest lands due to excessive cutting of trees and abandoned shifting cultivation areas is common in the Myayabinkyaw Reserve Forest and can be seen even from the highway. One promising approach to reverse this trend is to raise community awareness on forest values, and to provide opportunities to the villagers to participate in the forest management. So far, private sector involvement in forest management has not been significantly developed, particularly in the establishment of commercial plantations.

3.4 Intended situation after the project completion

By the end of the project, teak plantations integrated with other industrial timber species and agroforestry would have been established for demonstration purpose. The established teak plantations will have also been serving as a buffer for the natural teak-bearing forests on the Bago-Yoma. The established teak plantations will have also been serving as a buffer zone for the natural teak-bearing forests on the Bago Y oma. Public awareness on community forestry in the form of agroforestry through demonstration, participation, training and extension would have increased. The project could have attracted the interest of private sector to invest in industrial tree planting on the commercial scale. Research and development activities would have been in place to evaluate the economic potentials and environmental impacts of mixed plantations by regularly monitoring the research plots of different treatments.

3.5 Target beneficiaries

Target beneficiaries will include local people and the Forest Department itself. If the project could have motivated private sector to invest in forestry as intended particularly in the long run, the target beneficiaries will also include the private sector.

3.6 Project strategy


Excessive firewood cutting, charcoal making, shifting cultivation and other forms of encroachment into forests such as sugarcane planting, permanent farming are becoming more pronounced even in reserved forests. Local communities still remain away from forest management as ever before. Law enforcement activities and sectoral approach in isolation from other sectors cannot effectively control illegal activities and unwise use of forest lands. It is imperative to work out operational approaches towards harmonizing land use competition and responsibility sharing in forest management through community awareness and participation, and on partnership basis with other related sectors. Private sector involvement would also be encouraged and initiated by demonstrating the high economic potentials of .mixed plantations of teak and other industrial timber speCIes.


In the past, forest management was mainly derived from central planning, with major emphasis on timber production for the state. Public education and extension services had been given low priority in forestry, and as a result, local communities

8

had never before been involved in managing the forests. Since late 1980s, FD has given increasing attention to the participatory approach in forest management. It realizes very well that the Government alone cannot cope with all issues that need to be resolved for sustainable development of forests. Accordingly, private investment and people participation in the forestry sector development activities have been being encouraged and promoted.


Structure and components of the system

The teak-based multistoried agroforestry system is characterized by an intensive integration of teak and other commercial trees together with multipurpose trees(MPTs) species and food crops simultaneously on the same unit of land. Therefore, it is a multistoried system with teak (Tectona grandis) in the uppermost storey with rubber (Hevea brasilliensis) or Yemane (Gmelina arborea) or Yinma (Chukrasia tabularis) in the second storey. According to the available information regarding agroforestry from Thailand, rubber trees can reach to the height of approximately 20 m which is evidently lower than the common height of teak trees (40-50 m). Although teak and rubber are not intimate associates in nature, ecological characteristics of the current project site are favourable to the co-existence of teak and rubber. Additionally, the rotations of teak and rubber are not the same; the former is between 60-80 years in plantations while the latter is 30 years. The third storey consists of some MPTs - most of them are nitrogenfixing tree species- such as Mezali (Cassia siamea) mainly for the provision of pole, timber and fuelwood and for soil improvement. Just below the third layer is a shadebearer - coffee (Coffee arabica) as village cash crop and some fruit trees such as banana and papaya (Carica papaya) . This storey will be introduced when food crops and vegetables can no longer be grown. During the initial two or three years of the planting trials, food crops such as rice (Oriza sativa), maize (Zea mays), groundnut (Arachis hypogaea), sesame (Sesamum indicum) and pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan) and vegetables such as sweet potato and cabbage (Brassica oleracea) will be grown depending upon the availability of space and light and at the farmers' choice. The system can, therefore, be expected to represent a profitable production system enhancing teak production and significant economic returns, particularly in the early stages. To date, teak is the sole property of the State. The project will fully take the advantage of the participation of the people in undertaking all forest operations to establish and maintain the system successfully. Although the rent capture of teak harvest will be directed towards the Government, its major portion of the system will be contributed to the benefit of the local populace. The system could also improve the fertility of soil through the enhancement of the soil N pool due to N2-fixation by MPTs and protect soil erosion by providing a continuous ground cover.

Research needs

The research needs for this system are numerous. Optimal spatial arrangement of the various components and optimal species associations that would induce maximum possible economic returns deserve an immediate study as advised by this proposed project.

8

had never before been involved in managing the forests. Since late 1980s, FD has given increasing attention to the participatory approach in forest management. It realizes very well that the Government alone cannot cope with all issues that need to be resolved for sustainable development of forests. Accordingly, private investment and people participation in the forestry sector development activities have been being encouraged and promoted.


Structure and components of the system

The teak-based multistoried agroforestry system is characterized by an intensive integration of teak and other commercial trees together with multipurpose trees(MPTs) species and food crops simultaneously on the same unit of land. Therefore, it is a multistoried system with teak (Tectona grandis) in the uppermost storey with rubber (Hevea brasilliensis) or Yemane (Gmelina arborea) or Yinma (Chukrasia tabularis) in the second storey. According to the available information regarding agroforestry from Thailand, rubber trees can reach to the height of approximately 20 m which is evidently lower than the common height of teak trees (40-50 m). Although teak and rubber are not intimate associates in nature, ecological characteristics of the current project site are favourable to the co-existence of teak and rubber. Additionally, the rotations of teak and rubber are not the same; the former is between 60-80 years in plantations while the latter is 30 years. The third storey consists of some MPTs - most of them are nitrogenfixing tree species- such as Mezali (Cassia siamea) mainly for the provision of pole, timber and fuelwood and for soil improvement. Just below the third layer is a shadebearer - coffee (Coffee arabica) as village cash crop and some fruit trees such as banana and papaya (Carica papaya) . This storey will be introduced when food crops and vegetables can no longer be grown. During the initial two or three years of the planting trials, food crops such as rice (Oriza sativa), maize (Zea mays), groundnut (Arachis hypogaea), sesame (Sesamum indicum) and pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan) and vegetables such as sweet potato and cabbage (Brassica oleracea) will be grown depending upon the availability of space and light and at the farmers' choice. The system can, therefore, be expected to represent a profitable production system enhancing teak production and significant economic returns, particularly in the early stages. To date, teak is the sole property of the State. The project will fully take the advantage of the participation of the people in undertaking all forest operations to establish and maintain the system successfully. Although the rent capture of teak harvest will be directed towards the Government, its major portion of the system will be contributed to the benefit of the local populace. The system could also improve the fertility of soil through the enhancement of the soil N pool due to N2-fixation by MPTs and protect soil erosion by providing a continuous ground cover.

Research needs

The research needs for this system are numerous. Optimal spatial arrangement of the various components and optimal species associations that would induce maximum possible economic returns deserve an immediate study as advised by this proposed project.

9

(i)The Randomized Block Desi~n (RBD) to be applied for the study

The model for the RBD

Yij

Yij

J.! u I

Pj

Bij

= = = = =

=

J.! + u I + Pj + Bijk

the response on treatment i in block j. an overall mean, which is unknown constant an effect due to treatment i, u, is an unknown constant an effect due to block j, Pj is an unknown constant

a random error

(ii)Assumptions

1. Bij s - N (0, 0-2£)

2. The BijS are independent random variables. The layout of RBD to be used is shown in Figure 1.

(iii) Description of the Desi~n

Ramdomized Block Design (RBD) will be used to compare t=6 different treatment means (species combinations including control) when there are b= 3 different blocks (topographic features). We would run each of the t treatments to filter out the block-to-block variability due to slopes. The main rationale of choosing the RBD is that the design is easy to construct and the statistical analysis is simple. The design can generate necessary data for biological and economic analyses. Within each block, the optimal spacing trials would be conducted using simple Completely Randomized Design (CRD). Therefore, there will be 7 replicates for each treatment and for each spacing trial within a block.

9

(i)The Randomized Block Desi~n (RBD) to be applied for the study

The model for the RBD

Yij

Yij

J.! u I

Pj

Bij

= = = = =

=

J.! + u I + Pj + Bijk

the response on treatment i in block j. an overall mean, which is unknown constant an effect due to treatment i, u, is an unknown constant an effect due to block j, Pj is an unknown constant

a random error

(ii)Assumptions

1. Bij s - N (0, 0-2£)

2. The BijS are independent random variables. The layout of RBD to be used is shown in Figure 1.

(iii) Description of the Desi~n

Ramdomized Block Design (RBD) will be used to compare t=6 different treatment means (species combinations including control) when there are b= 3 different blocks (topographic features). We would run each of the t treatments to filter out the block-to-block variability due to slopes. The main rationale of choosing the RBD is that the design is easy to construct and the statistical analysis is simple. The design can generate necessary data for biological and economic analyses. Within each block, the optimal spacing trials would be conducted using simple Completely Randomized Design (CRD). Therefore, there will be 7 replicates for each treatment and for each spacing trial within a block.

Ridge i and upslope E

c c

'"

1

Mid-slope

Lower slope and

down hill

IProject214/2/98-5:21 PM

10

Randomized Block Design for Teak - Based Multistoried Agroforestry System (Integrated Approach)

2.5x2.5 m 3.5x3.5m 4.0 x 4.0 m 5.0 x 5.0 m

Pure

Teak

Teak + 5tm H. brasilliensis ..

Teak + G. arborea

Teak + . . . C. tabuiansis

Teak + C.siamea

Control ,~ x

Subplot Block I

• 2800 m •

Block 11

Block III

Ridge i and upslope E

c c

'"

1

Mid-slope

Lower slope and

down hill

IProject214/2/98-5:21 PM

10

Randomized Block Design for Teak - Based Multistoried Agroforestry System (Integrated Approach)

2.5x2.5 m 3.5x3.5m 4.0 x 4.0 m 5.0 x 5.0 m

Pure

Teak

Teak + 5tm H. brasilliensis ..

Teak + G. arborea

Teak + . . . C. tabuiansis

Teak + C.siamea

Control ,~ x ...-100 m ---.. \

Subplot Block I

2800 m

Block 11

Block III

11

3.6.4 Economic aspects.

This project will provide direct economic benefits to the local communities from foodcrops such as paddy, groundnut and vegatables. Planted trees will, in the long run, provide other important products: fast growing species of the third layer, ie., Cassia siamea will supply fuelwood, and small timbers; rubber trees, at the age of about 6 years will start providing latex up to 25 to 30 years' age; when latex tapping is finished, rubberwood could be extracted for furniture making; finally teak timber would be harvested at the age of between 40 - 60 years depending on end use requirements. It has been mentioned in part 1, B.l, that teak is the state's property and the end product of teak will primarily benefit the Forest Department. Among the components of the system, only teak is for the Forest Department, but the rest are reserved for the interest of the local community. Furthermore, the project's major conponents include research and development, which will evaluate the economic potentials of different treatments. It is expected that Gmelina arborea and Chukrasia tabularis would also show good economic returns before the harvest of teak. Planting of coffee, mango and other fruit trees after the food crop cultivation could provide regular and significant incomes to the local people.


At present, much of the forest lands in the project area, i.e., the Myayabinkyaw Reserve Forest are degraded and denuded. Because of coppicing power of planted under-storey trees, vegetative cover will be always present to prevent the deterioration of soil structure and nutrient status. And, because of mixed species and indigenous nitrogen fixation species, environmental values will be restored particularly in the long term. Greening effects of multistoried teak-based plantations will certainly improve the overall environmental values.


The Community Forestry Instructions (1995) clearly demonstrate the sharing of forest management responsibilities towards the rural communities through User Groups' activities and efforts with in-kind and technical assistance from the FD. It also focuses on the flow of benefits to the communities, participating in forest management activities. The duration of lease of land for the establishment of Community Forests is initially set for 30 years and it is extendable depending on the performance and desire of the user's group. The benefits derived from the Community Forests will equitably be shared among the members of the Users' Group and no royalty will be levied on the forest products extracted from the Community Forests by the User's Group for domestic use. This situation vividly reflect the approach towards the involvement of the local communities in forestry activities and their rights to the land and the trees. The surplus of the forest products, e.g. firewood could be sold to other areas, but at the prescribed royalty rates.

Moreover, during socio-economic survey undertaken by the Project at the very beginning, local communities of the Project area would have opportunities to expose their real basic needs, which will serve the basis for the introduction of agroforestry through participatory forest management. In this respect, selection of cash crops, fruit trees and firewood species and research design to be conducted would essentially reflect and comply not only with teak production but also the real basic needs of the local communities concerned. To this end, collaboration with any non-governmental

11

3.6.4 Economic aspects.

This project will provide direct economic benefits to the local communities from foodcrops such as paddy, groundnut and vegatables. Planted trees will, in the long run, provide other important products: fast growing species of the third layer, ie., Cassia siamea will supply fuelwood, and small timbers; rubber trees, at the age of about 6 years will start providing latex up to 25 to 30 years' age; when latex tapping is finished, rubberwood could be extracted for furniture making; finally teak timber would be harvested at the age of between 40 - 60 years depending on end use requirements. It has been mentioned in part 1, B.l, that teak is the state's property and the end product of teak will primarily benefit the Forest Department. Among the components of the system, only teak is for the Forest Department, but the rest are reserved for the interest of the local community. Furthermore, the project's major conponents include research and development, which will evaluate the economic potentials of different treatments. It is expected that Gmelina arborea and Chukrasia tabularis would also show good economic returns before the harvest of teak. Planting of coffee, mango and other fruit trees after the food crop cultivation could provide regular and significant incomes to the local people.


At present, much of the forest lands in the project area, i.e., the Myayabinkyaw Reserve Forest are degraded and denuded. Because of coppicing power of planted under-storey trees, vegetative cover will be always present to prevent the deterioration of soil structure and nutrient status. And, because of mixed species and indigenous nitrogen fixation species, environmental values will be restored particularly in the long term. Greening effects of multistoried teak-based plantations will certainly improve the overall environmental values.


The Community Forestry Instructions (1995) clearly demonstrate the sharing of forest management responsibilities towards the rural communities through User Groups' activities and efforts with in-kind and technical assistance from the FD. It also focuses on the flow of benefits to the communities, participating in forest management activities. The duration of lease of land for the establishment of Community Forests is initially set for 30 years and it is extendable depending on the performance and desire of the user's group. The benefits derived from the Community Forests will equitably be shared among the members of the Users' Group and no royalty will be levied on the forest products extracted from the Community Forests by the User's Group for domestic use. This situation vividly reflect the approach towards the involvement of the local communities in forestry activities and their rights to the land and the trees. The surplus of the forest products, e.g. firewood could be sold to other areas, but at the prescribed royalty rates.

Moreover, during socio-economic survey undertaken by the Project at the very beginning, local communities of the Project area would have opportunities to expose their real basic needs, which will serve the basis for the introduction of agroforestry through participatory forest management. In this respect, selection of cash crops, fruit trees and firewood species and research design to be conducted would essentially reflect and comply not only with teak production but also the real basic needs of the local communities concerned. To this end, collaboration with any non-governmental

12

organizations regardless of local and or abroad would be sought for, while the recommendations of international recruited sociologist is to be highly regarded.

Immediate benefits

(i)Direct economic benefits from food crops in initial two to three years; and

(ii)Employment generated.

Lon2-term benefits

. (i)Provision of fuelwood and small timbers from the inter-planting of fast growing species.

(ii)Regular incomes from fruit trees of agroforestry which are of great assistance to improve the social life of villagers; and

(iii)Significant income from latex tapping after 6 years and rubberwood for furniture at the rotation age.


FD, the executing agency for this project, will take the management responsibility. Establishing forest plantations is standard to FD. Extension Division of FD could provide education and training services to the local communities for better management of forests. FD will assign territorial staff, plantation experts, extension officials and researchers of FRI to implement the project including R&D activities. FD will try its best to facilitate the establishment of partnership among related government agencies, local communities and the private sector. The essence of managing this project will be responsibility sharing with local people, particularly in the practice of agroforestry.

3. 7 Reasons for ITTO support

In Decision 3 (X) of June 1991, ITTC adopted the Year 2000 Objective. This decision committed ITTC members to trade in tropical timber from sustainably managed forests by the year 2000.

The reason this project is submitted to the ITTO is the consistency of the project objectives with the ITTO Priorities and Action Plan and the ITTO's Guidelines and Criteria for SFM. Moreover, Myanmar, being a member country of ITTO turns to the Organization for assistance in the implementation of this project.

Training (US$ 23,800>

This provision covers two modes of training as follows:

Oversea study tour (US$ 12,000)

To strengthen grassroots capability in planning, implementing and managing community-owned multipurpose woodlots, project staff and village opinion leaders will visit community participatory initiatives and conservational farming practices successfully undertaken in other countries in the region.

Possible Host Country

Duration of tour :

Thailand

10 days.

12

organizations regardless of local and or abroad would be sought for, while the recommendations of international recruited sociologist is to be highly regarded.

Immediate benefits

(i)Direct economic benefits from food crops in initial two to three years; and

(ii)Employment generated.

Lon2-term benefits

. (i)Provision of fuelwood and small timbers from the inter-planting of fast growing species.

(ii)Regular incomes from fruit trees of agroforestry which are of great assistance to improve the social life of villagers; and

(iii)Significant income from latex tapping after 6 years and rubberwood for furniture at the rotation age.


FD, the executing agency for this project, will take the management responsibility. Establishing forest plantations is standard to FD. Extension Division of FD could provide education and training services to the local communities for better management of forests. FD will assign territorial staff, plantation experts, extension officials and researchers of FRI to implement the project including R&D activities. FD will try its best to facilitate the establishment of partnership among related government agencies, local communities and the private sector. The essence of managing this project will be responsibility sharing with local people, particularly in the practice of agroforestry.

3. 7 Reasons for ITTO support

In Decision 3 (X) of June 1991, ITTC adopted the Year 2000 Objective. This decision committed ITTC members to trade in tropical timber from sustainably managed forests by the year 2000.

The reason this project is submitted to the ITTO is the consistency of the project objectives with the ITTO Priorities and Action Plan and the ITTO's Guidelines and Criteria for SFM. Moreover, Myanmar, being a member country of ITTO turns to the Organization for assistance in the implementation of this project.

Training (US$ 23,800>

This provision covers two modes of training as follows:

Oversea study tour (US$ 12,000)

To strengthen grassroots capability in planning, implementing and managing community-owned multipurpose woodlots, project staff and village opinion leaders will visit community participatory initiatives and conservational farming practices successfully undertaken in other countries in the region.

Possible Host Country

Duration of tour :

Thailand

10 days.

13

Local eroup trainines (US$ 3,800)

About 60 participants in the selected villages will be provided with two local trainings conducted by local subject matter specialist in subject matters related to the management of income generating activities, home economics, environmental regeneration, and practical asp acts of community-based multipurpose fuelwood woodlots. International specialist in Sociology will assist in design of training programmes together with local counterparts/project experts.

Duration of training: 7 days (each).

3.8 Risks

This project will have no risks in technical aspect. However, it is a delicate issue, dealing with local villagers who have no significant experience of working together with FD until now and they are more interested in the immediate financial gains. Another possible risk is that extension staff of FD has still little communication skills with local people in the field of community participatory development. It is very important to assign the national project team (FD staff) as the role of facilitator for the project rather than as an actor.

It is intended to recruit an international expert in Sociology during the early stage of the project for a period of 3 months. Possible risk is that it may not be too easy to be able to recruit the required expert at the appropriate time.

The project will also recruit an international consultant on Forest Economics to provide guidelines and procedures to investigate economic potentials of plantations of different treatments. The project may also face the difficulty of getting the consultant at the right time. Monitoring the research plots will need regular observations over many years. The possible major risk is the discontinuation of R&D activities during such a long period. However, FD will place special emphasis on this matter with good, well maintained records.

13

Local eroup trainines (US$ 3,800)

About 60 participants in the selected villages will be provided with two local trainings conducted by local subject matter specialist in subject matters related to the management of income generating activities, home economics, environmental regeneration, and practical asp acts of community-based multipurpose fuelwood woodlots. International specialist in Sociology will assist in design of training programmes together with local counterparts/project experts.

Duration of training: 7 days (each).

3.8 Risks

This project will have no risks in technical aspect. However, it is a delicate issue, dealing with local villagers who have no significant experience of working together with FD until now and they are more interested in the immediate financial gains. Another possible risk is that extension staff of FD has still little communication skills with local people in the field of community participatory development. It is very important to assign the national project team (FD staff) as the role of facilitator for the project rather than as an actor.

It is intended to recruit an international expert in Sociology during the early stage of the project for a period of 3 months. Possible risk is that it may not be too easy to be able to recruit the required expert at the appropriate time.

The project will also recruit an international consultant on Forest Economics to provide guidelines and procedures to investigate economic potentials of plantations of different treatments. The project may also face the difficulty of getting the consultant at the right time. Monitoring the research plots will need regular observations over many years. The possible major risk is the discontinuation of R&D activities during such a long period. However, FD will place special emphasis on this matter with good, well maintained records.

14

4. Outputs

Outputs for the specific objective

Specific objective 1.


Output 1.1

270 ha of teak plantations in pure stands and in mixture with rubber or Chukrasia tabulm'is or Gmelina arborea established for industrial supply.

Output 1.2

Agroforestry with food crops of farmers' choice and with nitrogen-fixing Cassia siam ea introduced.


Identify research and development (R&D) activities to monitor and evaluate economic potentials and environmental effects of teak-based with different treatments.

Output 2.1

R&D activities and parameters and operational guidelines to evaluate econorriic potentials and environmental impacts of forest plantations and agroforestry developed and identified.

Output 2.2

R&D activities initiated and demonstrated.

5. Activities and Inputs

Output 1.1

270 ha of teak plantations in pure stands and in mixture with rubber or Chukrasia tabularis or Gmelina arborea established for industrial supply.

Activities Inputs

1.1.1: Site selection, survey and Project staff, Survey preparation. for 270 ha equipment, Hired labour plantation

1.1.2: Demarcation of plantation Project staff, Hired labour, blocks with different spacings Survey equipment, and Local and staking. materials for small posts and

stakes. 1.1.3: Set-up of forest nursery to Project staff, Nursery building

produce 110,000 teak and equipment, Polyethylene

14

4. Outputs

Outputs for the specific objective

Specific objective 1.


Output 1.1

270 ha of teak plantations in pure stands and in mixture with rubber or Chukrasia tabulm'is or Gmelina arborea established for industrial supply.

Output 1.2

Agroforestry with food crops of farmers' choice and with nitrogen-fixing Cassia siam ea introduced.


Identify research and development (R&D) activities to monitor and evaluate economic potentials and environmental effects of teak-based with different treatments.

Output 2.1

R&D activities and parameters and operational guidelines to evaluate econorriic potentials and environmental impacts of forest plantations and agroforestry developed and identified.

Output 2.2


5. Activities and Inputs

Output 1.1

270 ha of teak plantations in pure stands and in mixture with rubber or Chukrasia tabularis or Gmelina arborea established for industrial supply.

Activities Inputs

1.1.1: Site selection, survey and Project staff, Survey preparation. for 270 ha equipment, Hired labour plantation

1.1.2: Demarcation of plantation Project staff, Hired labour, blocks with different spacings Survey equipment, and Local and staking. materials for small posts and

stakes. 1.1.3: Set-up of forest nursery to Project staff, Nursery building

produce 110,000 teak and equipment, Polyethylene

15

seedlings, 22,000 Gmelina seeds, and Hired labour. arborea seedlings, 22,000 Chukrasia tabularis seedlings, and 90,000 Cassia Siamea seedlings.

1.1.4: Purchase of 33,000 rubber Project staff, Rubber seedling seedlings. sale centre, Transport.

1.1.5: Planting, patching, tending and Project staff, Hired labour. fire protection.

Output 1.2

Agroforestry with food crops of farmers' choice and with nitrogen-fixing Cassia siamea introduced.

Activities Inputs

1.2.1: Conduct socio-economic International consultant on survey around the project area Sociology (3 m/m), Project for need assessment and forest- staff, Local communities. user group formation.

1.2.2: Planting of seasonal Forest-user groups, Project agricultural food crops and staff, seeds for food crops, Cassia siamea. seedlings of Cassia siamea. Conduct of two trainings and

1.2.3: one workshop on agroforestry International consultant on

1.2.4:

Conduct of two trainings and Sociology, Project staff, one workshop on agroforestry. Forest-user groups, and

Overseas· study tour on agroforestry (50) man / day.

Training aids. Project staff and farmers Host country (Thailand).

Output 2.1

R&D activities and parameters and operational guidelines to evaluate economic potentials and environmental impacts of forest plantations and agroforestry developed and identified.

Activities Inputs

2.1.1: Identification of silvicultural National consultant on

2.1.2:

treatments such as thinning, Statistics and Experimental coppicing and prunning, and Design, National consultants adoption of tentative rotations on Silviculture, Plantation for different species. Forestry and Soil Science, and

Identification of activities and parameters.

Project staff.

R&D International consultant on Forest Economics, National consultant on Statistics . and

15

seedlings, 22,000 Gmelina seeds, and Hired labour. arborea seedlings, 22,000 Chukrasia tabularis seedlings, and 90,000 Cassia Siamea seedlings.

1.1.4: Purchase of 33,000 rubber Project staff, Rubber seedling seedlings. sale centre, Transport.

1.1.5: Planting, patching, tending and Project staff, Hired labour. fire protection.

Output 1.2

Agroforestry with food crops of farmers' choice and with nitrogen-fixing Cassia siamea introduced.

Activities Inputs

1.2.1: Conduct socio-economic International consultant on survey around the project area Sociology (3 m/m), Project for need assessment and forest- staff, Local communities. user group formation.

1.2.2: Planting of seasonal Forest-user groups, Project agricultural food crops and staff, seeds for food crops, Cassia siamea. seedlings of Cassia siamea. Conduct of two trainings and

1.2.3: one workshop on agroforestry International consultant on

1.2.4:

Conduct of two trainings and Sociology, Project staff, one workshop on agroforestry. Forest-user groups, and

Overseas· study tour on agroforestry (50) man / day.

Training aids. Project staff and farmers Host country (Thailand).

Output 2.1

R&D activities and parameters and operational guidelines to evaluate economic potentials and environmental impacts of forest plantations and agroforestry developed and identified.

Activities Inputs

2.1.1: Identification of silvicultural National consultant on

2.1.2:

treatments such as thinning, Statistics and Experimental coppicing and prunning, and Design, National consultants adoption of tentative rotations on Silviculture, Plantation for different species. Forestry and Soil Science, and

Identification of activities and parameters.

Project staff.

R&D International consultant on Forest Economics, National consultant on Statistics . and

2.1.3

16

Identification and adoption of operational guidelines and procedures to undertake R&D activities applying RBD.

Experimental Design, National consultants on Silviculture, Plantation Forestry and Soil Science, and Proj ect staff. International consultant on Forest Economics, National consultant on Statistics and Experimental Design, National consultants on Silviculture, Plantation Forestry and Soil Science, and Project staff and Hired labour.

Output 2.2


Activities Inputs

2.2.1: Lay-out of experimental plots International consultant on as indicated by RBD. Forest Economics for

3 months, National consultant on Statistics and Experimental Design, National consultants on Silviculture, Plantation Forestry and Soil Science, and Proj ect staff.

2.2.2: Demonstration of taking International consultant on measurements of the set R&D Forest Economics, National parameters and of data consultant on Statistics and analysis using hypothetical Experimental Design, National measurements. consultants on Silviculture,

Plantation Forestry and Soil Science, and Project staff and Hired labour.

2.2.3: Preparation and submission of Project staff and Forestry progress reports and terminal professionals. report.

6. Logical Framework Worksheets

The logical framework matrix is shown in Annex 1.

7. Work Plan

The work plan,is shown in Annex 2.

2.1.3

16

Identification and adoption of operational guidelines and procedures to undertake R&D activities applying RBD.

Experimental Design, National consultants on Silviculture, Plantation Forestry and Soil Science, and Proj ect staff. International consultant on Forest Economics, National consultant on Statistics and Experimental Design, National consultants on Silviculture, Plantation Forestry and Soil Science, and Project staff and Hired labour.

Output 2.2


Activities Inputs

2.2.1: Lay-out of experimental plots International consultant on as indicated by RBD. Forest Economics for

3 months, National consultant on Statistics and Experimental Design, National consultants on Silviculture, Plantation Forestry and Soil Science, and Proj ect staff.

2.2.2: Demonstration of taking International consultant on measurements of the set R&D Forest Economics, National parameters and of data consultant on Statistics and analysis using hypothetical Experimental Design, National measurements. consultants on Silviculture,

Plantation Forestry and Soil Science, and Project staff and Hired labour.

2.2.3: Preparation and submission of Project staff and Forestry progress reports and terminal professionals. report.

6. Logical Framework Worksheets

The logical framework matrix is shown in Annex 1.

7. Work Plan

The work plan,is shown in Annex 2.

17

8. Institutional Arrangements for Execution and Operation

8.1 Management structure

A project steering committee chaired by the Director-General of the FD is to be formed to guide and monitor the implementation of the project. The structure of the steering committee to manage the pre-project for its successful implementation will be as follows:

Director-General, FD -------------------------------------------- Chairman Representative from ITTO ---------------------------------------- Member Director, Planning and Statistics Division ,FD ----------------- Member Director, Bago Forest Division, FD ----------------------------- Member Director, Forest Research Institute, FD ------------------------- Member Director, Extension, FD ------------------------------------------- Member National Project Manager, FD ----------------------------------- Secretary

Whilst the Director-General of the FD has to take overall responsibility of this project, a national project team will be formed to undertake all the implementation works. Two international experts will be recruited for socio-economic survey and forest Economic analysis respectively.

8.2 Future operation and maintenance

FD will take the responsibility of maintaining the plantations in the following years and will keep on developing community participatory forestry using the experience and results gained from this project. It is expected that improved public awareness on forestry will facilitate the sustainable development of forest resources in Myanmar. R&D activities will be kept on running until statistically sound indication is achieved.

8.3 Kev staff.

FD, the executing agency, will provide one Assistant Director as National Project Manager, one Staff Officer as Field Manager, three Forest Rangers and three Deputy Forest Rangers to implement the proj ect.

While the Assistant Director will be the team leader with enough experiences in forest management, other personnel of the project team will have considerable experiences and expertise in extension, nursery techniques, plantation forestry and agroforestry .

9. Possible Future Actions

Possible future actions include:

(i) FD will invite and encourage private sector to invest in the establishment of teak plantations integrated with interplanting of other commerciallyimportant industrial timber species in degraded forest lands with the conditions that teak would be kept as state property and environmental balance be restored and enhanced. Other timber products and by-products

17

8. Institutional Arrangements for Execution and Operation

8.1 Management structure

A project steering committee chaired by the Director-General of the FD is to be formed to guide and monitor the implementation of the project. The structure of the steering committee to manage the pre-project for its successful implementation will be as follows:

Director-General, FD -------------------------------------------- Chairman Representative from ITTO ---------------------------------------- Member Director, Planning and Statistics Division ,FD ----------------- Member Director, Bago Forest Division, FD ----------------------------- Member Director, Forest Research Institute, FD ------------------------- Member Director, Extension, FD ------------------------------------------- Member National Project Manager, FD ----------------------------------- Secretary

Whilst the Director-General of the FD has to take overall responsibility of this project, a national project team will be formed to undertake all the implementation works. Two international experts will be recruited for socio-economic survey and forest Economic analysis respectively.

8.2 Future operation and maintenance

FD will take the responsibility of maintaining the plantations in the following years and will keep on developing community participatory forestry using the experience and results gained from this project. It is expected that improved public awareness on forestry will facilitate the sustainable development of forest resources in Myanmar. R&D activities will be kept on running until statistically sound indication is achieved.

8.3 Kev staff.

FD, the executing agency, will provide one Assistant Director as National Project Manager, one Staff Officer as Field Manager, three Forest Rangers and three Deputy Forest Rangers to implement the proj ect.

While the Assistant Director will be the team leader with enough experiences in forest management, other personnel of the project team will have considerable experiences and expertise in extension, nursery techniques, plantation forestry and agroforestry .

9. Possible Future Actions

Possible future actions include:

(i) FD will invite and encourage private sector to invest in the establishment of teak plantations integrated with interplanting of other commerciallyimportant industrial timber species in degraded forest lands with the conditions that teak would be kept as state property and environmental balance be restored and enhanced. Other timber products and by-products

18

such as latex from rubber trees would be allowed to go to the private developer.

(ii) FD, with the involvement of rural communities, will proceed the exercise of community agroforestry in order to satisfy the basic needs of local people, and to rehabilitate degraded forest lands in the whole of Ba go Yoma.

(iii) FD will encourage local communities to plant coffee or other suitable fruit trees after two to three years food crop cultivation and property ownership and land tenuralship will be granted according to the Community Forestry Instructions, 1995.

(iv) Using the knowledge and the achievements gained from this project, a mechanism for further diffusion and exercise of community forestry to other areas will be developed; and

(v) When the results of the research component of this project could indicate plantation methodology with optimized economic potential, FD would improve the effectiveness of plantation forestry in Myanmar.

18

such as latex from rubber trees would be allowed to go to the private developer.

(ii) FD, with the involvement of rural communities, will proceed the exercise of community agroforestry in order to satisfy the basic needs of local people, and to rehabilitate degraded forest lands in the whole of Ba go Yoma.

(iii) FD will encourage local communities to plant coffee or other suitable fruit trees after two to three years food crop cultivation and property ownership and land tenuralship will be granted according to the Community Forestry Instructions, 1995.

(iv) Using the knowledge and the achievements gained from this project, a mechanism for further diffusion and exercise of community forestry to other areas will be developed; and

(v) When the results of the research component of this project could indicate plantation methodology with optimized economic potential, FD would improve the effectiveness of plantation forestry in Myanmar.

19

PART III : MONITORING, REPORTING, AND EVALUATION

1. Arrangement for reporting

(i) Project Progress Reports

Progress reports in the ITTO format will be prepared and submitted by the project team to the Director-General of the FD, who will then proceed on to keep ITTO informed of the activities completed and the progress achieved.

(ii) Project Completion Report

The completion report will be prepared by the national project team and will be formally presented to the ITTO within two months of project termination through the Director-General of the Forest Department.

2. Arrangement for ITTO monitoring and review

The project will be monitored by the representatives of the ITTO, and the process of monitoring and review is subjected to the ITTO's principles and regulations.

3. Evaluation

The progress of this project will be assessed by the monitoring mission of the ITTO during its visits to Myanmar and/or from progress reports. An evaluation will be made at an appropriate time agreed upon between the ITTO and the FD.

19

PART III : MONITORING, REPORTING, AND EVALUATION

1. Arrangement for reporting

(i) Project Progress Reports

Progress reports in the ITTO format will be prepared and submitted by the project team to the Director-General of the FD, who will then proceed on to keep ITTO informed of the activities completed and the progress achieved.

(ii) Project Completion Report

The completion report will be prepared by the national project team and will be formally presented to the ITTO within two months of project termination through the Director-General of the Forest Department.

2. Arrangement for ITTO monitoring and review

The project will be monitored by the representatives of the ITTO, and the process of monitoring and review is subjected to the ITTO's principles and regulations.

3. Evaluation

The progress of this project will be assessed by the monitoring mission of the ITTO during its visits to Myanmar and/or from progress reports. An evaluation will be made at an appropriate time agreed upon between the ITTO and the FD.

20


1. Myanmar Contribution

The Myanmar contribution to this project will be essentially in kind. The followings are the services and facilities made available for the execution of this project by the FD.

1. Services by the national project team for the whole project period. (one Assistant Director, one staff Officer, three Forest Rangers, three Deputy Forest Rangers and other supportive staff)

2. One truck, one tractor with trailer and the drivers and helpers according to the requirements ofthe project.

3. One four-wheel drive inspection vehicle for the project.

4. Project office with adequate staff at Toungoo.

5. One base camp at the project site (Myayabinkyaw Reserve Forest).

6. Communication facilities, computer facilities, photocopiers and other consumable office items as necessarily at FD Headquarters Office, Yangon and office facilities at the District Forest Office, Toungoo.

7. Other logical support.

Breakdown of Myanmar's in-kind contribution III terms of Myanmar currency (Kyats) and US $ equivalent is given in table 1.

20


1. Myanmar Contribution

The Myanmar contribution to this project will be essentially in kind. The followings are the services and facilities made available for the execution of this project by the FD.

1. Services by the national project team for the whole project period. (one Assistant Director, one staff Officer, three Forest Rangers, three Deputy Forest Rangers and other supportive staff)

2. One truck, one tractor with trailer and the drivers and helpers according to the requirements ofthe project.

3. One four-wheel drive inspection vehicle for the project.

4. Project office with adequate staff at Toungoo.

5. One base camp at the project site (Myayabinkyaw Reserve Forest).

6. Communication facilities, computer facilities, photocopiers and other consumable office items as necessarily at FD Headquarters Office, Yangon and office facilities at the District Forest Office, Toungoo.

7. Other logical support.

Breakdown of Myanmar's in-kind contribution III terms of Myanmar currency (Kyats) and US $ equivalent is given in table 1.

21

Table I. Breakdown of Myanmar's In-Kind Contribution in terms of Myanmar Currency (Kyats ) and US $ Equivalent.

Sr. No Description Total mlm Kyats US $ Equivalent

Project Personnel 1 Salary 552 590400 98400

1.1 Assistant Director (1) 24 43200 7200 1.2 Staff Officer (1) 24 38400 6400 1.3 Range Officer (3) 72 91800 15300 1.4 Deputy Ranger (3) 72 81000 13500 1.5 Forester (6) 144 140400 23400 1.6 Superintendent (1) 24 34800 5800 1.7 Clerical Staff (2) 48 54000 9000 1.8 Driver (2) 48 46800 7800 1.9 Office Helper (2) 48 30000 5000

1.10 Watchmen (2) 48 30000 5000

2 DSA 432 259200 43200 2.1 Assistant Director (1) 24 14400 2400 2.2 Staff Officer (1) 24 14400 2400 2.3 Range Officer (3) 72 43200 7200 2.4 Deputy Ranger (3) 72 43200 7200 2.5 Forester (6) 144 86400 14400 2.6 Superintendent (1) 0 0 0 2.7 Clerical Staff (2) 0 0 0 2.8 Driver (2) 48 28800 4800 2.9 Office Helper (2) 48 28800 4800 3.0 Watchmen (2) 0 0 0

3 Building 840000 140000 3.1 Office (1) 480000 80000 3.2 Camps (3) 36000 6000 3.3 Store (1) 90000 15000 3.4 Quarters (2) 216000 36000 3.5 Garage (1) 18000 3000

4 Machinery 120000 20000 4.1 Inspection Vehicle (1) 120000 20000

Grand Total 1809600 301600

21

Table I. Breakdown of Myanmar's In-Kind Contribution in terms of Myanmar Currency (Kyats ) and US $ Equivalent.

Sr. No Description Total mlm Kyats US $ Equivalent

Project Personnel 1 Salary 552 590400 98400

1.1 Assistant Director (1) 24 43200 7200 1.2 Staff Officer (1) 24 38400 6400 1.3 Range Officer (3) 72 91800 15300 1.4 Deputy Ranger (3) 72 81000 13500 1.5 Forester (6) 144 140400 23400 1.6 Superintendent (1) 24 34800 5800 1.7 Clerical Staff (2) 48 54000 9000 1.8 Driver (2) 48 46800 7800 1.9 Office Helper (2) 48 30000 5000

1.10 Watchmen (2) 48 30000 5000

2 DSA 432 259200 43200 2.1 Assistant Director (1) 24 14400 2400 2.2 Staff Officer (1) 24 14400 2400 2.3 Range Officer (3) 72 43200 7200 2.4 Deputy Ranger (3) 72 43200 7200 2.5 Forester (6) 144 86400 14400 2.6 Superintendent (1) 0 0 0 2.7 Clerical Staff (2) 0 0 0 2.8 Driver (2) 48 28800 4800 2.9 Office Helper (2) 48 28800 4800 3.0 Watchmen (2) 0 0 0

3 Building 840000 140000 3.1 Office (1) 480000 80000 3.2 Camps (3) 36000 6000 3.3 Store (1) 90000 15000 3.4 Quarters (2) 216000 36000 3.5 Garage (1) 18000 3000

4 Machinery 120000 20000 4.1 Inspection Vehicle (1) 120000 20000

Grand Total 1809600 301600

22


A. Cost estimate breakdown

10. Project Personnel

One secretary (24 months) One typist (24 months) 60 participants for 2 trainings Agrbforestry Workshop (30 participants) International consultant (Sociologist) (3 months x $10,000/month) National consultant (Forest Economist) (3 months x $10,0001 month) Four National consultants ($ 750 x 3 month x 4 nos) Overseas study tour (50 man! day) Hired labour Driver-cum-Messager (24 months)

Total for project personnel

30. Duty Travel

Airfare for the study tour to neighbouring countries DSA for two international experts Airfare for two international experts ($ 2,000 per round trip x 2 round trip)

Total for duty travel

40. Capital Items

Two trologies

Two motor cycles Two cameras

Total for capital equipment

50. Consumable Items

Field items

Films and slides

Polyethylene seed (0.7 ton)

signboard and posters

Wooden posts for plot demarcation

Seedling of teak, and other tree species

US$

4,800 2,400 3,800 7,500

3,0000

30,000

8,760

12,000 44,210

2,400

145,870

5,000 4,000 4,000

13,000

3,000

4,000 800

7,800

200

1,000

360

300

13,070

22


A. Cost estimate breakdown

10. Project Personnel

One secretary (24 months) One typist (24 months) 60 participants for 2 trainings Agrbforestry Workshop (30 participants) International consultant (Sociologist) (3 months x $10,000/month) National consultant (Forest Economist) (3 months x $10,0001 month) Four National consultants ($ 750 x 3 month x 4 nos) Overseas study tour (50 man! day) Hired labour Driver-cum-Messager (24 months)

Total for project personnel

30. Duty Travel

Airfare for the study tour to neighbouring countries DSA for two international experts Airfare for two international experts ($ 2,000 per round trip x 2 round trip)

Total for duty travel

40. Capital Items

Two trologies

Two motor cycles Two cameras

Total for capital equipment

50. Consumable Items

Field items

Films and slides

Polyethylene seed (0.7 ton)

signboard and posters

Wooden posts for plot demarcation

Seedling of teak, and other tree species

US$

4,800 2,400 3,800 7,500

3,0000

30,000

8,760

12,000 44,210

2,400

145,870

5,000 4,000 4,000

13,000

3,000

4,000 800

7,800

200

1,000

360

300

13,070

23

Rubber seedlings

Seed of agroforestry food crop

2800 gallons of petrol for 2 motorcycles and

2 trologies

Office items

Stationary for 2 trainings and I workshop

Stationary for progress reports

Phamplets and pictures for extension

Total for consumable items

60. Miscellaneous

Administration and communication Sundry

Total for miscellaneous

11,000

360

5,600

450

300

600

34,590

600 1,500

2,100

.70. Cost for ITTO monitorin~, evaluation and administration

Cost for ITTO monitoring and evaluation (5%) Cost for ITTO administration (5.5%)

Total for ITTO M & E and Administration

90. Grand total

14,000.00 11,955,"-00

25,955.00

229,315.00

23

Rubber seedlings

Seed of agroforestry food crop

2800 gallons of petrol for 2 motorcycles and

2 trologies

Office items

Stationary for 2 trainings and I workshop

Stationary for progress reports

Phamplets and pictures for extension

Total for consumable items

60. Miscellaneous

Administration and communication Sundry

Total for miscellaneous

11,000

360

5,600

450

300

600

34,590

600 1,500

2,100

.70. Cost for ITTO monitorin~, evaluation and administration

Cost for ITTO monitoring and evaluation (5%) Cost for ITTO administration (5.5%)

Total for ITTO M & E and Administration

90. Grand total

14,000.00 11,955,"-00

25,955.00

229,315.00

Output! Activity

Output 1.1: 270 ha of teak Plantation in pure stands and in mixture with rubber or Chukrasia tabularis or Gemelina arbores established for industrial supply.

Activity 1.1.1 : Site selection, survey and preparation for 270 ha plantation.

Activity 1.1.2: Demarcation of plantation blocks with different spacings and staking.

Activity 1.1.3: Set-up of forest nursery to produce 110,000 teak seedlings, 22,000 Gmelina arborea seedlings, 22,000 Chukrasiatabularis seedlings, and 90,000 Cassia Siam ea seedlings.

Activity 1.1.4: Purchase of 33,000 rubber seedlings.

Activity 1.1.5: PaInting, patching, tending and fire protection.

Output 1.2: Agroforestry with food crops farmers' choice and with nitrogen-fixing Cassia Siamea Introduced.

Activity 1.2.1: Conduct socio-economic survey around the project area for need assessment and forest-user group formation.

24

B. ITTO Project Budget By Activities (US $)

Proj ect I Duty Personnel Travel

13,095

6,850

18,340

3,380

32,640

Capital Miscel-Items laneous

Supplies

4,800 500 400

3,000 200 100

14,570 100

11,000

1,000

100 200 200

ITTO Monitor:, Total Evalua: and Admin: M&E I Admin

18,795.00

10,150.00

33,010.00

11,000.00

4,380.00

33,140.00

Output! Activity

Output 1.1: 270 ha of teak Plantation in pure stands and In mixture with rubber or Chukrasia tabularis or Gemelina arbores established for industrial supply.

Activity 1.1.1 : Site selection, survey and preparation for 270 ha plantation.

Activity 1.1.2: Demarcation of plantation blocks with different spacings and staking.

Activity 1.1.3: Set-up of forest nursery to produce 110,000 teak seedlings, 22,000 Gmelina arborea seedlings, 22,000 Chukrasiatabularis seedlings, and 90,000 Cassia Siam ea seedlings.

Activity 1.1.4: Purchase of 33,000 rubber seedlings.

Activity 1.1.5: PaInting, patching, tending and fire protection.

Output 1.2: Agroforestry with food crops farmers' choice and with nitrogen-fixing Cassia Siamea Introduced.

Activity 1.2.1: Conduct socio-economic survey around the project area for need assessment and forest-user group formation.

24

B. ITTO Project Bud~et By Activities (US $) Proj ect Duty Capital Consumable Items Miscel-

Personnel Travel Items Field Office laneous Supplies

13,095 - 4,800 500 400

6,850 - 3,000 200 100

18,340 14,570 100

11,000

3,380 1,000

32,640 100 200 200

ITTO Monitor:, Total Evalua: and Admin: M&E Admin

18,795.00

10,150.00

33,010.00

11,000.00

4,380.00

33,140.00

25

B. ITTO Project Bud2et by Activities (uS $)

Project Duty Capital Consumable Items Miscel- ITTO Monitor:, Output! Activity Personnel Travel Items UttIce laneous Evalua: and Admin: Total

Field Supplies M&E Admin

Activity 1.2.2: Planting of seasonal agricultural food crops and Cassia siamea. 4,100 - 1,720 200 200 - - 6,220.00

Activity 1.2.3: Conduct of two trainings and one workshop on agroforestry. 12,940 - - 2,000 550 - - - 15,490.00

Activity 1.2.4: Oversea study tour (50 man! 12,000 - 200 200 12,400.00

day). - - -

Output 2.1: R&D activities and parameters and operational guidelines to evaluate economic potentials and environmental impacts of forest plantations and agroforestry developed and identified.

Activity 2.1.1: Identification of silvicultural treatments such as thinning, coppicing and

2,740 13,000 440 200 I

prunning, and adoption of tentative rotations - - - - 16,380.00

for different species.

Activity 2.1.2: Identification of R&D 2,665 - - - - - - - 2,665.00 activities and parameters.

25

B. ITTO Project Budget by Activities (uS $)

Project Duty Capital Consumable Items Miscel- ITTO Monitor:, Output! Activity Personnel Travel Items UttIce laneous Evalua: and Admin: Total

Field Supplies M&E Admin

Activity 1.2.2: Planting of seasonal agricultural food crops and Cassia siamea. 4,100 - 1,720 200 200 - - 6,220.00

Activity 1.2.3: Conduct of two trainings and one workshop on agroforestry. 12,940 - - 2,000 550 - - - 15,490.00

Activity 1.2.4: Oversea study tour (50 man! 12,000 - 200 200 12,400.00

day). - - -

Output 2.1: R&D activities and parameters and operational guidelines to evaluate economic potentials and environmental impacts of forest plantations and agroforestry developed and identified.

Activity 2.1.1: Identification of silvicultural treatments such as thinning, coppicing and

2,740 13,000 440 200 16,380.00 - - - -prunning, and adoption of tentative rotations for different species.

Activity 2.1.2: Identification of R&D 2,665 - - - - - - - 2,665.00 activities and parameters.

26

- - -B. ITTO Proiect Budget Bv Activities (uS $)

Output/Activity Project Duty Capital Consumable Items Miscel- ITTO Monitor:, Total Personnel Travel Items Field Office laneous Evalua: and Admin:

Supplies M&E Admin Activity 2.1.3: Identification and adoption of operational guidelines and procedures to undertake R&D activities applying the Split-Plot Design. 4,780 - - - - - - - 4,780.00

Output 2.2: R&D activities initiated and demonstrated.

i

Activity 2.2.1: Lay-out of experimental plots as I

indicated by Split-Plot Design. 12,640 - - 860 200 100 - - 13,800.00

Activity 2.2.2: Demonstration of taking measurements of the set R&D parameters and

12,000 450 100 12,550.00 I of data analysis usmg hypothetical - - - - -

measurements.

Activity 2.2.3: Preparation and submission of 8,600.00 I progress reports and terminal report. 7,700 - - 200 200 500 - -

ITTO Monitoring and Evaluation (5%) - - - - - - 14,000 - 14,000.00

ITTO Administration (5.5%) - - - - - - 11,955 11,955.00

Grand Total 145,870 13,000 7,800 33,240 1,350 2,100 14,000 11,955 229,315.00

26

B ITTO Project Budget By Activities illS $) Output/Activity Project Duty Capital Consumable Items Miscel- ITTO Monitor:, Total

Personnel Travel Items Field Office laneous Evalua: and Admin:

Supplies M&E Admin Activity 2.1.3: Identification and adoption of operational guidelines and procedures to undertake R&D activities applying the Split-Plot Design. 4,780 - - - - - - - 4,780.00

Output 2.2: R&D activities initiated and demonstrated.

Activity 2.2.1: Lay-out of experimental plots as indicated by Split-Plot Design. 12,640 - - 860 200 100 - - 13,800.00

Activity 2.2.2: Demonstration of taking measurements of the set R&D parameters and

12,000 450 100 12,550.00 of data analysis usmg hypothetical - - - - -

measurements.

Activity 2.2.3: Preparation and submission of progress reports and terminal report. 7,700 - - 200 200 500 - - 8,600.00

ITTO Monitoring and Evaluation (5%) - - - - - - 14,000 - 14,000.00

ITTO Administration (5.5%) - - - - - - 11,955 11,955.00

Grand Total 145,870 13,000 7,800 33,240 1,350 2,100 14,000 11,955 229,315.00

27

Consolidated Project Budget by Source and Component (US $)

Budget by Source Budget by MyanmarUS $ ITTOUS $ Total Budget US $ Component

Personnel 98,400.00 145,870.00 244,270.00 Duty Travel 43,200.00 13,000.00 56,200.00 Capital Items 160,000.00 7,800.00 167,800.00 Consumable Items - 34,590.00 34,590,.00 Miscellaneous - 2,100.00 2,100.00 ITTO M & E and - 25,955.00 25,955.00 Administration

Grand Total 301,600.00 229,3J5.00 530,915.00

27

Consolidated Project Budget by Source and Component (US $)

Budget by Source Budget by MyanmarUS $ ITTOUS $ Total Budget US $ Component

Personnel 98,400.00 145,870.00 244,270.00 Duty Travel 43,200.00 13,000.00 56,200.00 Capital Items 160,000.00 7,800.00 167,800.00 Consumable Items - 34,590.00 34,590,.00 Miscellaneous - 2,100.00 2,100.00 ITTO M & E and - 25,955.00 25,955.00 Administration

Grand Total 301,600.00 229,3J5.00 530,915.00

28 Figure(l)

DESCRIPTION· OF PROPOSED PROJECT ~REA I !

BONDtlJJNG R.F ---1----

:<§> ~ ....

1-I •• . . ... .. . -.. . ~ . . . ',. ,0'

f.

PYUCHAUNG R.F

i PHYU TOWNSHIP

8 "17y w ..

"

"0

i,

t N

Scale

6.4 4.8 12 1.6 0 YIri

• Nyaungchidauk

PHYU

_ ..

. .. .. -

• p •••

REFERENCE: !

Project Site.; , Reserved Forest! Bound;u-y

i T ()Nnsh ip Bound;try I

RIver, Chaung i

R;ailways Line

Road

....... .;.

I I ,I,

________ -N-4-----~'--.----~-----, T !

28 Figure(l)

DESCRIPTION· OF PROPOSED PROJECT ~REA I !

BONDtlJJNG R.F ---1----

:<§> ~ ....

1-I •• . . ... .. . -.. . ~ . . . ',. ,0'

f.

PYUCHAUNG R.F

i PHYU TOWNSHIP

8 "17y w ..

"

"0

i,

t N

Scale

6.4 4.8 12 1.6 0 YIri

• Nyaungchidauk

PHYU

_ ..

. .. .. -

• p •••

REFERENCE: !

Project Site.; , Reserved Forest! Bound;u-y

i T ()Nnsh ip Bound;try I

RIver, Chaung i

R;ailways Line

Road

....... .;.

I I ,I,

________ -N-4-----~'--.----~-----, T !

I

LOCA TION MAP OF PROJECT SITE

1t{)1A

N

BAY OF BENGAL

LEGOO

_ Project Site

nternationd 8oi..r1dary

River I Coastal Une

GULF OF MOTT AMA

Scale 1 inch = 120 miles

CHtlA

LAOS

I

LOCA TION MAP OF PROJECT SITE

1t{)1A

N

BAY OF BENGAL

LEGOO

_ Project Site

nternationd 8oi..r1dary

River I Coastal Une

GULF OF MOTT AMA

Scale 1 inch = 120 miles

CHtlA

LAOS

30

Annex 1. Logical Framework Worksheets Pr~ect Title: Promoting of Community participatory forestry in support of progressing towards sustainable forest mana~ement.

PROJECT ELEMENTS I OBJECTIVELY VERIFIABLE INDICATOR I MEANS OF VERIFICATIONS I IMPORTANT ASSUMPTIONS

Development Objective To restore productivity and ecological balance of the degraded natural teak forests of Bago Yoma to achieve progress towards sustainable forest management by fonning mixed plantations of teak and other species of high economic potential, based on partnership between, Forest Department, related agencies, public sector and local communities. Specific Objective 1 Establish teak-based multistoried plantations integrated with other industrial timber species and agroforestry to enhance site value and generate early economic returns. Output 1.1 270 ha of teak plantations in pure stands and in mixture with rubber or Chukrasia tabularis or Gmelina arborea established for industrial supply. Activity 1.1.1:

1. Commercial plantations of high-value species in mixture.

2. Village-owned fuelwood plantations with cash crops and food crops.

3. Increased productivity of forests.

1. 270 ha ofteak-based plantation with agroforestry.

2. Benefits from cash crops and food crops of local people.

1. Teak plantations 2. Forest nursery 3. Planting of rubber and other species.

Site selection, survey and 11. Plantation site preparation for 270 ha 2. Land preparation ~lantation.

Field visits, Reports and Records.

Field inspection

Field documents. ITTO Monitoring Visit

Records Reports Field visits Maps.

Field inspection Reports M<lQs

The proposed proj ect could demonstrate the high economic potential of teak plantations integrated with other industrial timber species. The private sector is involved in planting trees. Local people provides active participation in forest management.

Project is approved and funded.

Annex 1. Logical Framework Worksheets Project Title: Promoting of Community participatory forestry in support of progressing towards sustainable forest management.

PROJECT ELEMENTS OBJECTIVELY VERIFIABLE INDICATOR MEANS OF VERIFICATIONS IMPORTANT ASSUMPTIONS Development Objective To restore productivity and ecological balance of the degraded natural teak forests of Bago Y oma to achieve progress towards sustainable forest management by fonning mixed plantations of teak and other species of high economic potential, based on partnership between, Forest Department, related agencies, public sector and local communities. Specific Objective 1 Establish teak-based multistoried plantations integrated with other industrial timber species and agroforestry to enhance site value and generate early economIC returns. Output 1.1 270 ha of teak plantations in pure stands and in mixture with rubber or Chukrasia tabularis or Gmelina arborea established for industrial supply. Activity 1.1.1:

1. Commercial plantations of high-value species in mixture.

2. Village-owned fuelwood plantations with cash crops and food crops.

3. Increased productivity of forests.

1. 270 ha ofteak-based plantation with agroforestry.

2. Benefits from cash crops and food crops of local people.

1. Teak plantations 2. Forest nursery 3. Planting of rubber and other species.

Site selection, survey and 1. Plantation site preparation for 270 ha 2. Land preparation plantation.

Field visits, Reports and Records.

Field inspection

Field documents. ITTO Monitoring Visit

Records Reports Field visits Maps.

Field inspection Reports Maps

The proposed proj ect could demonstrate the high economIC potential of teak plantations integrated with other industrial timber species. The private sector is involved in planting trees. Local people provides active participation in forest management.

Project is approved and funded.

3\ Annex 1. (Continued)

PROJECT ELEMENTS OBJECTIVELY VERIFIABLE INDICATOR MEANS OF IMPORTANT ASSUMPTIONS . ,

VERIFICATIONS

Activity 1.1.2: Demarcation of plantation 1. Formation of plantation blocks. blocks with different spacings and staking.

Activity 1.1.3: Set-up of nursery to produce 1. Teak and other seedlings. Records 110,000 teak seedlings, 22,000 2. Number of seedlings planted. Rports Gmelina arborea seedlings, 3. Nursery Field visits 22,000 Chukrasia tabularis seedlings, and 90,000 Cassia siamea seedlings.

Activity 1.1.4: Purchase of 33,000 rubber 1. Rubber seedlings. Records seedlings.

Activity 1.1.5: Planting, patching, tending and 1. Seedlings planted Reports fire protection. 2. Firelines Field visits

Output 1.2: 1. Planting of paddy Field visits Agroforestry with food crops of

farmers' choice and with 2. People participation Reports

nitrogen-fixing Cassia siamea 3. Forest-user groups Interviews with villagers

introduced.

Activity 1.2.1: Conduct

. . 1. Forest-user groups Forest-user groups Local people are interested III SOClo-economlC survey around the proj ect area 2. Recruitment of international Reports agroforestry and Forest Department for need assessment and forest- consultant provides assistance. user group formation.

--------

3\ Annex 1. (Continued)

PROJECT ELEMENTS OBJECTIVELY VERIFIABLE INDICATOR MEANS OF IMPORTANT ASSUMPTIONS VERIFICATIONS

Activity 1.1.2: Demarcation of plantation 1. Formation of plantation blocks. blocks with different spacmgs and staking.

Activity 1.1.3: Set-up of nursery to produce 1. Teak and other seedlings. Records 110,000 teak seedlings, 22,000 2. Number of seedlings planted. Rports Gmelina arborea seedlings, 3. Nursery Field visits 22,000 Chukrasia tabularis seedlings, and 90,000 Cassia siamea seedlings.

Activity 1.1.4: Purchase of 33,000 rubber 1. Rubber seedlings. Records seedlings.

Activity 1.1.5: Planting, patching, tending and 1. Seedlings planted Reports fire protection. 2. Firelines Field visits

Output 1.2: Agroforestry with food crops of 1. Planting of paddy Field visits

farmers' choice and with 2. People participation Reports

nitrogen-fixing Cassia siamea 3. Forest-user groups Interviews with villagers

introduced.

Activity 1.2.1: Conduct

. . 1. Forest-user groups Forest-user groups Local people are interested III SOClo-economlC survey around the proj ect area 2. Recruitment of international Reports agroforestry and Forest Department for need assessment and forest- consultant provides assistance. user group formation.

32.

Annex 1. (Continued)

PROJECT ELEMENTS OBJECTIVELY VERIFIABLE INDICATOR MEANS OF VERIFICATIONS IMPORTANT ASSUMPTIONS

Activity 1.2.2: Planting of seasonal agriculture 1. Cultivation of food crops. Records

I food crops and Cassia siamea. 2. Increased income

Activity 1.2.3: Conduct of two trainings and 1. Training syllabus Records Local people are interested in one workshop on agroforestry. 2. No of trainees. Workshop recommendation trainings on agroforestry.

Activity 1.2.4: Overseas study tour (50 1. Fellowships Reports man/day). 2. Host institution and countries.

8,Uecific Objective 2 Identify research and 1. Research plots Field inspection Regular measurements will be development ( R&D) activities 2. Data collected Reports taken. to monitor and evaluate economIC potentials and environmental effects of teak-based plantations of different speCIes associations and different species.

Output 2.1: R&D activities and parameters 1. Research plots Operational guidelines for Regular measurements are and operational guidelines to 2. Operational guidelines R&D activities undertaken over a long period. evaluate economIC potentials Research plots and environmental impacts of Record of measurements forest plantations and agroforestry developed and identified.



Activity 1.2.2: Planting of seasonal agriculture 1. Cultivation of food crops. Records

food crops and Cassia siamea. 2. Increased income

Activity 1.2.3: Conduct of two trainings and 1. Training syllabus Records Local people are interested in one workshop on agroforestry. 2. No of trainees. Workshop recommendation trainings on agroforestry.

Activity 1.2.4: Overseas study tour (50 1. Fellowships Reports man/day). 2. Host institution and countries.

8,Uecific Objective 2 Identify research and 1. Research plots Field inspection Regular measurements will be development ( R&D) activities 2. Data collected Reports taken. to monitor and evaluate economIC potentials and environmental effects of teak-based plantations of different speCIes associations and different species.

Output 2.1: R&D activities and parameters 1. Research plots Operational guidelines for Regular measurements are and operational guidelines to 2. Operational guidelines R&D activities undertaken over a long period. evaluate economIC potentials Research plots and environmental impacts of Record of measurements forest plantations and agroforestry developed and identified.

'? Annex 1. (Continued)


Activity 2.1.1: Identification of silvicultural 1. National consultant on silviculture. Field visit treatments such as thinning, coppicing 2. Silvicultural treatments. Reports and prunmng, and adoption of tentative rotations for different species.

Activity 2.1.2: Identification of R&D activities and l.Intemational and national consultants Records parameters. Field documents.

Activity 2.1.3: Identification and adoption of 1. Operational guidelines to undertake Field document Reports. operational guidelines and procedures R&D. ITTO mission to undertake R&D activities applying the Split-Plot Design.

Output 2.2: R&D activities initiated and 1. Field activities Records demonstrated. Reports

Activity 2.2.1: Lay-out of experimental plots as 1. Research plots Field inspection indicated by Split-Plot Design.

Activity 2.2.2: Demonstration of taking 1. Field activities Field visit measurements of the set R&D 2. Data Collection Records parameters and of data analysis using 3. Demonstration hypothetical measurements.

Activity 2.2.3: Preparation and submission of 1. Reports Reports. progress reports and terminal reports.

---



Activity 2.1.1: Identification of silvicultural 1. National consultant on silviculture. Field visit treatments such as thinning, coppicing 2. Silvicultural treatments. Reports and prunnmg, and adoption of tentative rotations for different species.

Activity 2.1.2: Identification of R&D activities and l.Intemational and national consultants Records parameters. Field documents.

Activity 2.1.3: Identification and adoption of 1. Operational guidelines to undertake Field document Reports. operational guidelines and procedures R&D. ITTO mission to undertake R&D activities applying the Split-Plot Design.

Output 2.2: R&D activities initiated and 1. Field activities Records demonstrated. Reports

Activity 2.2.1: Lay-out of experimental plots as 1. Research plots Field inspection indicated by Split-Plot Design.

Activity 2.2.2: Demonstration of taking 1. Field activities Field visit measurements of the set R&D 2. Data Collection Records parameters and of data analysis using 3. Demonstration hypothetical measurements.

Activity 2.2.3: Preparation and submission of 1. Reports Reports. progress reports and terminal reports.

34 Annex 2

Work Plan RESPONSIBLE YEAR I YEARII

OUTPUTS/ACTIVITIES PARTY

M1 M2 M3 M4 MS M6 M7 M8 M9 MIO Mll M12 M1 M2 M3 M4 MS M6 M7 M8 M9 MIO Mll M12

Output 1.1 270 ha of teak plantations in pure stands and in mixture with rubber or Chukrasia tabularis or Gmelina arborea established for industrial supply.

Activity 1.1.1 Site selection, survey and preparation for FD 270 ha plantation.

Activity 1.1.2 Demarcation of plantation blocks with different FD spacings and staking.

I

Activity 1.1.3 Set-up of forest nursery to produce 110,000 teak

I

seedlings, 22,000 Gmelina arborea seedlings, FD and local

22,000 Chukrasia tabularis seedlings, and 90,000 communities

Cassia Siam ea seedlings.

Activity 1.1.4 Purchase of33,000 rubber seedlings. FD

Activity 1.1.5 Planting, patching, tending and fire protection. FD and local

communities --_.-

34 Annex 2



M1 M2 M3 M4 MS M6 M7 M8 M9 MIO Mll M12 M1 M2 M3 M4 MS M6 M7 M8 M9 MIO Mll M12

Output 1.1 270 ha of teak plantations in pure stands and in mixture with rubber or Chukrasia tabularis or Gmelina arborea established for industrial supply.

Activity 1.1.1 Site selection, survey and preparation for FD 270 ha plantation.

Activity 1.1.2 Demarcation of plantation blocks with different FD spacings and staking.

Activity 1.1.3 Set-up of forest nursery to produce 110,000 teak seedlings, 22,000 Gmelina arborea seedlings, FD and local

22,000 Chukrasia tabularis seedlings, and 90,000 communities

Cassia Siam ea seedlings.

Activity 1.1.4 Purchase of33,000 rubber seedlings. FD

Activity 1.1.5 Planting, patching, tending and fire protection. FD and local

communities

Work Plan

Output 1.2

OUTPUTS/ACTIVITIES

RESPONSIBLE

PARTY

A~of~restry wit~ food cr.ops. of fa.rn:ers' choice andlFD and local wIth mtrogen-fixmg Cassza szamea mtroduced. communities

Activity 1.2.1 Conduct socio-economic survey around the project

l FD and local

area for need assessment and forest-user group . ...; communl .. es formation.

Activity 1.2.2 Planting of seasonal agricultural food crops andlFD and local Cassia siam ea. communities

Activity 1.2.3 Conduct of two trainings and one workshop on

c. d f . . d IFD and local agrolorestryCon uct 0 two trammgs an one .. communIties

workshop on agroforestry

Activity 1.2.4 Overseas study tour (50 man/day)

Output 2.1 R&D activities and parameters and operational guidelines to evaluate economic potentials and environmental impacts of forest plantations and agroforestry developed and identified.

FD

35 Annex 2 (Continued)

YEAR I YEARII

M1 1M2 1M3 IM4 IM5 IM6 IM7 IM8 IM9 IMI0 IMll IM12 IM1 1M2 1M3 IM4 IM5 IM6 IM7 IM8 IM9 IMlO IMll IM12

1- 1- 1-

~

Work Plan

Output 1.2

OUTPUTS/ACTIVITIES

RESPONSIBLE

PARTY

Agroforestry with food crops of farmers' choice and FD and local

with nitrogen-fixing Cassia siamea introduced. communities

Activity 1.2.1 Conduct socio-economic survey around the project

FD and local area for need assessment and forest-user group . ...; communl .. es formation.

Activity 1.2.2 Planting of seasonal agricultural food crops and FD and local Cassia siam ea. communities

Activity 1.2.3 Conduct of two trainings and one workshop on

c. d f . . d FD and local agrolorestryCon uct 0 two trammgs an one .. communIties

workshop on agroforestry

Activity 1.2.4 Overseas study tour (50 man/day)

Output 2.1 R&D activities and parameters and operational guidelines to evaluate economIC potentials and environmental impacts of forest plantations and agroforestry developed and identified.

FD


YEAR I YEARII

M1 M2 M3 M4 M5 M6 M7 M8 M9 MI0 MII MI2 M1 M2 M3 M4 M5 M6 M7 M8 M9 MlO MII MI2

1- 1- -

36 Annex 2 (Continued) Work Plan

RESPONSIBLE YEAR I YEARII


M1 M2 M3 M4 MS M6 M7 M8 M9 MlO Mll M12 M1 M2 M3 M4 MS M6 M7 M8 M9 MIO Mll M12

Activity 2.1.1 Identification of silvicultural treatments such as thinning, coppicing and prunning, and adoption of FD tentative rotations for different species.

Activity 2.1.2 Identification ofR&D activities and parameters. FD and local

communities

Activity 2.1.3 Identification and adoption of operational guidelines FD and local

and procedures to undertake R&D activities communities

Output 2.2 R&D activities initiated and demonstrated.

Activity 2.2.1 Lay-out of experimental plots as indicated by RBd&CRD.

Activity 2.2.2 Demonstration of taking measurements of the set

FD and local R&D parameters and of data analysis using

communities hypothetical measurements .




M1 M2 M3 M4 MS M6 M7 M8 M9 MlO Mll M12 M1 M2 M3 M4 MS M6 M7 M8 M9 MIO Mll M12

Activity 2.1.1 Identification of silvicultural treatments such as thinning, coppicing and prunning, and adoption of FD tentative rotations for different species.

Activity 2.1.2 Identification ofR&D activities and parameters. FD and local

communities

Activity 2.1.3 Identification and adoption of operational guidelines FD and local

and procedures to undertake R&D activities communities

Output 2.2 R&D activities initiated and demonstrated.

Activity 2.2.1 Lay-out of experimental plots as indicated by RBd&CRD.

Activity 2.2.2 Demonstration of taking measurements of the set R&D parameters and of data analysis FD and local usmg

communities hypothetical measurements .




M1 M2 M3 M4 M5 M6 M7 M8 M9 MIO Mll M12 M1 M2 M3 M4 M5 M6 M7 M8 M9 MIO Mll M12 I

Activity 2.2.3 Preparation and submission of progress reports and -- ~ - -terminal report.

---------------




M1 M2 M3 M4 M5 M6 M7 M8 M9 MIO Mll M12 M1 M2 M3 M4 M5 M6 M7 M8 M9 MIO Mll M12

Activity 2.2.3 Preparation and submission of progress reports and -- ~ - -terminal report.

38

Annex. 3

PROJECT ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE

1 ~ Trainings

& Extension

Line of Authority Line of Feedback

Project Steering Committee (DG and 4 Directors from FD and Representative from ITTO NPM)

Forest Department ~~~~~~~~~~~~ (Director - General)

..

National Project Team

(Staff from FD)

':"

~ ~ 1 ': ': . Teak

R&D Agroforestry and Others Activities

......• Line of Consultation _. _ ....

38

Annex. 3

PROJECT ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE

1 ~ Trainings

& Extension

Line of Authority Line of Feedback

Project Steering Committee (DG and 4 Directors from FD and Representative from ITTO NPM)

Forest Department ~~~~~~~~~~~~ (Director - General)

..

National Project Team

(Staff from FD)

':"

~ ~ 1 ': ': . Teak

R&D Agroforestry and Others Activities

......• Line of Consultation _. _ ....

39

Terms of Reference for

International Consultant on Sociology

Annex 4

The international consultant on Sociology has the responsibility:

(i) to conduct social and economic survey of local communities in and around the project area;

(ii) to programme regular meetings and open dialogues with forest-user groups and local people for the assessment of behavioural and attitude change" of the villagers;

(iii) to assist the national project leader in identifying the real needs of the local communities;

(iv) to assist the national project leader and the local communities to select agricultural food crops and fruit trees for agroforestry;

(v) to conduct community forestry training for both local people and the FD personnel; and

(vi) to prepare and submit completion statement or report with recommendations for future action.

Qualification:

Duration

Duty Station :

At least Master degree in agroforestry, 10 years' experience or more in the field of Agroforestry, and acceptable to ITTO

3 man/month

ToungooNangon

39


International Consultant on Sociology

Annex 4

The international consultant on Sociology has the responsibility:

(i) to conduct social and economic survey of local communities in and around the project area;

(ii) to programme regular meetings and open dialogues with forest-user groups and local people for the assessment of behavioural and attitude change" of the villagers;

(iii) to assist the national project leader in identifying the real needs of the local communities;

(iv) to assist the national project leader and the local communities to select agricultural food crops and fruit trees for agroforestry;

(v) to conduct community forestry training for both local people and the FD personnel; and

(vi) to prepare and submit completion statement or report with recommendations for future action.

Qualification:

Duration

Duty Station :

At least Master degree in agroforestry, 10 years' experience or more in the field of Agroforestry, and acceptable to ITTO

3 man/month

ToungooNangon

40


International Consultant on Forest Economics

The international consultant on Forest Economics has the responsibility:

(i) to undertake cost-benefit analysis of agroforestry;

Annex 4 (Continued)

(ii) to develop a model for the evaluation of economic returns from teak plantations mixed with other industrial timber species;

(iii) to introduce resources accounting method in projecting the economic potential of teak plantations integrated with agroforestry;

(iv) to review interactions among policy for sustainable management of forests, strategy for forest plantations and timber marketing practice in Myanmar; and

(v) to prepare and submit completion statement or report at the end ofthe assignment.

Qualification:

Duration

Duty Station:

At least, Master degree in Resource Economics with of 10 years' experience or more in plantation forestry, and acceptable to ITTO.

3 man/month

ToungooNangon

40


International Consultant on Forest Economics

The international consultant on Forest Economics has the responsibility:

(i) to undertake cost-benefit analysis of agroforestry;

Annex 4 (Continued)

(ii) to develop a model for the evaluation of economic returns from teak plantations mixed with other industrial timber species;

(iii) to introduce resources accounting method in projecting the economic potential of teak plantations integrated with agroforestry;

(iv) to review interactions among policy for sustainable management of forests, strategy for forest plantations and timber marketing practice in Myanmar; and


Qualification:

Duration

Duty Station:

At least, Master degree in Resource Economics with of 10 years' experience or more in plantation forestry, and acceptable to ITTO.

3 man/month

ToungooNangon

41


National Consultant on Plantation Forestry

Annex 4 (Continued)

The national consultant on Plantation Forestry has the responsibility:

(i) to develop detail operational plantation work plan for raising seedlings, planting, tending, maintenance and protection;

(ii) to demonstrate nursery techniques for tree species to be planted by the project;

(iii) to assist and work closely with the national project leader and silviculturist III

developing and adopting tending operations for the plantations;

(iv) to assist the national project leader in conducting trainings on community forestry; and


Qualification:

Duration

Duty Station :

At least, Master degree in Plantation Forestry, 10 years' experience or more in reafforestation works, and acceptable to ITTO.

1 man/month

Project Site

41


National Consultant on Plantation Forestry

Annex 4 (Continued)

The national consultant on Plantation Forestry has the responsibility:

(i) to develop detail operational plantation work plan for raising seedlings, planting, tending, maintenance and protection;

(ii) to demonstrate nursery techniques for tree species to be planted by the project;

(iii) to assist and work closely with the national project leader and silviculturist III

developing and adopting tending operations for the plantations;

(iv) to assist the national project leader in conducting trainings on community forestry; and


Qualification:

Duration

Duty Station :

At least, Master degree in Plantation Forestry, 10 years' experience or more in reafforestation works, and acceptable to ITTO.

1 man/month

Project Site

42


Annex 4 (Continued)

National Consultant on Statistics and Experimental Design

The national consultant on Statistics and Experimental Design has the responsibility:

(i) to identify parameters to be measured for R&D activities using Split-Plot Design;

(ii) to layout split plots in the multistoried teak-based plantations;

(iii) to identify guide lines, procedures and models to conduct R&D activities for the long run;

(iv) to demonstrate measuring the parameters and data analysis using hypothetical measurements; and

(v) to prepare and submit completion statement or report at the end of the assignment.

Qualification:

Duration

Duty Station :

At least, Masters degree in Statistics, 10 years' experience or more in R&D activities, and acceptable to ITTO.

1 man/month

Project SiteNangon.

42


Annex 4 (Continued)

National Consultant on Statistics and Experimental Design

The national consultant on Statistics and Experimental Design has the responsibility:

(i) to identify parameters to be measured for R&D activities using Split-Plot Design;

(ii) to layout split plots in the multistoried teak-based plantations;

(iii) to identify guide lines, procedures and models to conduct R&D activities for the long run;

(iv) to demonstrate measuring the parameters and data analysis using hypothetical measurements; and


Qualification:

Duration

Duty Station :

At least, Masters degree in Statistics, 10 years' experience or more in R&D activities, and acceptable to ITTO.

1 man/month

Project SiteNangon.

43


National Consultant on Silviculture

The national consultant on Silviculture has the responsibility:

Annex 4 (Continued)

(i) to prepare guidelines for reafforestation with main emphasis on ecological, economic and growth-performance aspects;

(ii) to identify tending techniques for optimal growth of planted species;

(iii) to design growth and yield modelling on time series data of teak plantations formed in Bago Y oma in the past;

(iv) to review and make recommendations on the existing plantation forestry;

(v) to organize training on Plantation-oriented Tropical Silviculture for project staff; and

(vi) to prepare and submit report at the end of the assignment.

Qualification:

Duration

Duty Station :

At least Masters degree in Tropical Silviculture, 10 years' experience or more in Plantation Management and acceptable to ITTO.

1 man/month

Project SiteNangon.

43


National Consultant on Silviculture

The national consultant on Silviculture has the responsibility:

Annex 4 (Continued)

(i) to prepare guidelines for reafforestation with main emphasis on ecological, economic and growth-performance aspects;

(ii) to identify tending techniques for optimal growth of planted species;

(iii) to design growth and yield modelling on time series data of teak plantations formed in Bago Y oma in the past;

(iv) to review and make recommendations on the existing plantation forestry;

(v) to organize training on Plantation-oriented Tropical Silviculture for project staff; and

(vi) to prepare and submit report at the end of the assignment.

Qualification:

Duration

Duty Station :

At least Masters degree in Tropical Silviculture, 10 years' experience or more in Plantation Management and acceptable to ITTO.

1 man/month

Project SiteNangon.

44


National Consultant on Soil Conservation

Annex 4 (Continued)

The national consultant on Soil Conservation has the responsibility:

(i) to deveiop guidelines for measuring changes in nutrient status of forest soils under the teak-based multistoried agroforestry system;

(ii) to develop guidelines to monitor the impact of planting Cassia siamea on nitrogen content and forest soils;

(iii) to layout run-offplots to measure surface soil loss from multistoried plantation;

(iv) to develop guidelines and procedures to monitor the changes in soil structure over time due to project activities; and


Qualification:

Duration

Duty Station :

At least or Masters degree in Soil Conservation, 10 years' experience or more in Soil Conservation, and acceptable to ITTO.

1 man/month

Project Site.

44


National Consultant on Soil Conservation

Annex 4 (Continued)

The national consultant on Soil Conservation has the responsibility:

(i) to deveiop guidelines for measuring changes in nutrient status of forest soils under the teak-based multistoried agroforestry system;

(ii) to develop guidelines to monitor the impact of planting Cassia siamea on nitrogen content and forest soils;

(iii) to layout run-offplots to measure surface soil loss from multistoried plantation;

(iv) to develop guidelines and procedures to monitor the changes in soil structure over time due to project activities; and


Qualification:

Duration

Duty Station :

At least or Masters degree in Soil Conservation, 10 years' experience or more in Soil Conservation, and acceptable to ITTO.

1 man/month

Project Site.

itto forest department, myanmar...utilization and conservation of timber-producing forests and their...

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