italy today review by bulletin of italian politics

8/9/2019 Italy Today review by Bulletin of Italian Politics

1/18


2/18

5:5# aje|eapb|cqchn qmgb Cpedceh vmdcpcaed ve|pcbq *eq qjm~h ch pjb ajevpb|ls Eyeh{e mh pjb Hm|pjb|h Dbenrb#$ lrp edqm$ eaam|`chn pm Qcnmhe$ egekm|cps mi Cpedcehq i|mg edd qmaced leaon|mrh`q( Ne|er `cqarqqbq pjb |mdb mi

pjb Aepjmdca Ajr|aj ch pjb `blepb mh cggcn|epcmh eh` hepcmhed c`bhpcps(Ve|p CY `bedq ~cpj ye|cmrq dmhn'qpeh`chn v|mldbgq |bdepb` pm qmrpjb|h

Cpeds$ qraj eq pjb ar||bhp qp|bhnpj mi pjb md`bqp eh` gmqp ~c`bds'leqbà|cgched m|nehcqepcmh$ hegbds pjb H`|ehnjbpe *`cqarqqb` ch Ve|chcqajevpb|# eh` pjb vb|qcqpbhab mi adcbhpbdcqg eh` m|nehcqb` a|cgb *`cqarqqb`ls Eddrg#(

Ichedds$ ch pjb icipj qbapcmh mi pjb lmmo$ pjb bamhmgca qvjb|b cqbzvdm|b`( Eq qjm~h ch pjb ajevpb| ls Cmhe$ Dbmhcè eh` Qmll|cm$ mhb mi pjbgech ar||bhp v|mldbgq mi pjb Cpedceh bamhmgca qsqpbg cq pjb bh` mi pjbv|mabqq mi amhyb|nbhab lbp~bbh qmrpjb|h eh` hm|pjb|h |bncmhq$ `rb$ cp cqe|nrb`$ pm pjb qdm~chn `m~h mi ch`rqp|cedcqepcmh eh` pm che`burepb|bncmhed nmyb|hehab( Gcdcmq ajevpb| bgvjeqcqbq pjb ~es ch ~jcaj pjb BRqqp|rapr|ed irh`q |bv|bqbhp e gcqqb` mvvm|prhcps im| pjb Cpedceh bamhmgs?Qcgmhc amhqc`b|q pjb v|mldbgq |bdepb` pm pjb n|m~pj mi amhab|pe{cmhb eh`pjb ~es cp jeq db` pm qbngbhpepcmh mi pjb Cpedceh delmr| ge|obp? Gchbppc`cqarqqbq pjb chelcdcps mi qgedd iegcds ic|gq ch Cpeds pm amvb ~cpjndmledcqepcmh(

Gehs mi pjb ajevpb|q edqm miib| |bamggbhèpcmhq |bne|`chn vmqqcldbvmdcas qmdrpcmhq im| pjb v|mldbgq mi pjcq qcao geh mi Br|mvb$ eh` pjcq aehlb amhqc`b|b` e ir|pjb| gb|cp mi pjb lmmo( Pjcq qbbgq bqvbacedds p|rb ch


11/18

535

hbabqqe|cds gbeh v|mvpb| jma( Lb|drqamhcq nmyb|hgbhp$ ch mpjb| ~m|`q$gcnjp lb |bqvmhqcldb im| Cpedsq |bdepcyb `badchb lrp qraj e `badchb gcnjp

jeyb maar||b` bybh ci qmgbmhb bdqb je` lbbh ep pjb jbdg(Ajevpb| 1 bzegchbq pjb elqbhab mi Cpedceh hepcmhedq ch vmqcpcmhq mi

dbe`b|qjcv ch gekm| chpb|hepcmhed m|nehcqepcmhq eq ~bdd eq pjb elqbhab miCpeds i|mg e` jma lm`cbq qraj eq pjb BRq n|mrv mi pj|bb *RO$ I|ehab$Nb|gehs# `bedchn ~cpj pjb C|ehceh hradbe| cqqrb( Cpedsq elqbhab cqepp|clrpb` pm pjb Lb|drqamhc nmyb|hgbhpq deao mi chpb|bqp eh`-m| cpqve|pcqehqjcv$ pjb deppb| jeychn db` cp hmp pm qrvvm|p Cpedceh aeh`c`epbq ~jm~b|b vmdcpcaedds c`bhpcicb` ~cpj pjb mvvmqcpcmh(

Ajevpb| 0 |bvm|pq chim|ged amhyb|qepcmhq cp cq hmp adbe| ci pjbs jeyblbbh amh`rapb` ls pjb erpjm| m| hmp$ hm| ~jbh ~cpj jcnj acycd qb|yehpq$edgmqp edd mi pjbg rhc`bhpcicb`$ i|mg e|mrh` pjb ~m|d`( Edd mi pjbg bzv|bqq

`bbv `cqqepcqieapcmh ~cpj Lb|drqamhcq eapcmhq eh` v|mhmrhabgbhpq mh eye|cbps mi cqqrbq(

Ajevpb| 2$ pjb dmhnbqp ch pjb lmmo *1: venbq#$ cq elmrp Cpedceh`cvdmgeas `r|chn pjb qbamh` Lb|drqamhc nmyb|hgbhp( Jb|b pjb |be`b|~mrd` jeyb bzvbapb` Aeqqchc pm `cqarqq pjb biim|pq mi pjb v|mibqqcmhedq miCpedceh `cvdmgeas$ ci hmp pm |bgb`s amgvdbpbds$ ep dbeqp pm amhpech eh`qgmmpj$ pjb bzabqqbq mi Lb|drqamhc mh pjb chpb|hepcmhed qabhb( Pjb |mdb miacycd qb|yehpq eipb| edd cq v|bacqbds pjep mi eqqr|chn amhpchrcps pj|mrnj pjbedpb|hepcmh mi nmyb|hgbhpq eh` dbe`b|q$ bybh pjb gmqp c`cmqsha|epca( Cpedceh`cvdmgeas$ eipb| edd$ ~eq urcpb qraabqqird ch amhp|mddchn bybh Grqqmdchc$ epdbeqp rhpcd jb `bac`b` pm |bvdeab cpq pmv bajbdmhq ~cpj ve|ps gbglb|q( Pjb

ajevpb| chqpbe` qjm~q urcpb adbe|ds pjep Cpedceh `cvdmgeas$ graj dcob pjb|bqp mi pjb Cpedceh acycd qb|ycab$ cq `cyc`b` edmhn c`bmdmncaed'vmdcpcaed dchbq(Aeqqchc e|nrbq pjep pjb jcnj |ehoq mi pjb Ie|hbqche jeyb hmp bybh p|cb` pm|bqcqp pjb p|ehqib| mi |bqvmhqclcdcps im| im|bcnh eiiec|q i|mg pjb Gchcqp|s miIm|bcnh Eiiec|q pm pjb V|bqc`bhas mi pjb Amrhacd mi Gchcqpb|q eh` pjep pjb`cvdmgepq mi pjb Riicacm `bd Amhqcndcb|b @cvdmgepcam ep Vede{{m Ajcnc$|epjb| pjeh p|schn pm nrc`b Lb|drqamhc$ jeyb lbbh qrlqb|ycbhp pm jcq ~jcgq*v( >6 eh` >>#( Ch amhadrqcmh$ eaam|`chn pm Aeqqchc$ `r|chn pjb icyb sbe|q mipjb Lb|drqamhc nmyb|hgbhp pjb nmm` nrsq mi Cpedceh `cvdmgeas pjmqb dcobjcg ch mpjb| ~m|`q ~b|b |b`rab` pm cgvmpbhab ~jcdb Lb|drqamhc eh` jcqeamdspbq `cdevc`epb` e n|bep `bed mi pjb vep|cgmhs mi chpb|hepcmheda|b`clcdcps lrcdp ch icips sbe|q mi `cvdmgepca ~m|o *v( 92#(

Ajevpb| 9 geobq e ve|eddbd cp cq rhadbe| ~js qchab cp `mbq hmp imddm~dmncaedds i|mg ehs mi pjb v|bab`chn ajevpb|q lbp~bbh Lb|drqamhc eh`Grqqmdchc? ~jcdb Ajevpb| > qrnnbqpq ~jep pjb V|m`c nmyb|hgbhp ~jcajje` krqp peobh vm~b| ep pjb pcgb pjb lmmo ~eq lbchn ~|cppbh amrd` `m pm|bnech im| Cpeds cpq v|mvb| |mdb ch pjb ~m|d`(

Pjcq lmmo cq hbcpjb| e qb|cmrq ehedsqcq mi Cpedsq im|bcnh vmdcas hm| micpq `badchb ch pjb ~m|d`( Cp cq krqp e ve|pcqeh vmdcpcaed vegvjdbp( Ci pjcq ~b|bpjb ~jmdb qpm|s$ pjbh cp amrd` qcgvds lb `cqgcqqb` eq krqp ehmpjb|


12/18

536q( ^jbh peobh ch amhkrhapcmh ~cpj pjb ic|qp ~eybmi qpr`cbq mh pjep vb|cm`$ ~jcaj amchac`b` gm|b m| dbqq ~cpj pjb p~bhpcbpjehhcyb|qe|s mi 539: *ch ve|pcarde| pjb ~m|o mi Drcqe Veqqb|chc$ Edbqqeh`|mVm|pbddc$ Ge|abddm Idm|bq$ Vbvvchm M|pmdbye$ Qc`hbs Pe||m~ eh` mpjb|q# pjcqlm`s mi |bqbe|aj hm~ v|myc`bq qpr`bhpq eh` qajmde|q ~cpj e |cajlcldcmn|evjs elmrp pjcq a|raced vb|cm` mi |babhp Cpedceh jcqpm|s eh` vmdcpcaq(Vjcd B`~e|`q ~m|o peobq eq cpq qrlkbap pjb ye|cmrq im|gq mi v|mpbqp ~jcajq~bvp de|nb ve|pq mi Cpeds$ lrp ch ve|pcarde| \mgb$ Gcdeh eh` Pr|ch$ ch pjbvmqp'539: vb|cm`( B`~e|`q e|nrbq pjep ~jep jb aeddq pjb depb 53>6q ~eybqjmrd` lb qbbh eq e qbamh` asadb mi amhpbhpcmh eh` hmp krqp eh eipb|'biibapmi 539:( Jb edqm e|nrbq pjep pjb Cpedceh Amggrhcqp Ve|ps *VAC# amhp|clrpb`n|bepds pm pjb `bibep mi 53>6q `c|bap'eapcmh gmybgbhpq eh` pjep pjcq `bibepje` e hbnepcyb chidrbhab mh lmpj pjb VAC cpqbdi eh` mh Cpeds eq e ~jmdb(


13/18

531

Gm|bmyb|$ B`~e|`q p|cbq pm `|e~ mrp pjb amgvdcaepb` |bdepcmhqjcv lbp~bbhpjb gmybgbhpq mi pjb 53>6q eh` pjb urbqpcmh mi ycmdbhab *e|gb` m|

mpjb|~cqb# e|nrchn pjep cp ~eq `bibep ~jcaj db` gehs pm gmyb pm~e|`q pjbe|gb` qp|rnndb( Pjb qmr|abq im| pjcq ~m|o dcb gechds ch hb~qvevb|q eh`mpjb| `margbhpq$ eq ~bdd eq qbamh`e|s qpr`cbq mi pjb vb|cm`( Pjb e|ajcybqim| pjb 53>6q e|b hmp eq sbp mvbh pm qajmde|q ch ehs qcnhcicaehp ~es(

Graj mi pjcq cq chpb|bqpchn eh` m|cnched( B`~e|`q cq ep jcq gmqpamhychachn ~jbh gevvchn mrp pjb amgvdcaepb` ibepr|bq mi pjcq gmybgbhp*~jcaj ~eq ch |bedcps e ~jmdb qb|cbq mi gmybgbhpq$ |ehnchn i|mg dmaedjmrqchn |cnjpq eapcycqpq$ pm rhmiicaced qp|cobq$ pm erpm'|c`r{cmhb$ pm ardpr|edv|mpbqp mi ye|cmrq och`q eh` dcibqpsdb vmdcpcaq( Pjb |ehnb mi ~jep ~eq nmchnmh ch pjep vb|cm` ~eq ch`bb` cgv|bqqcyb eh` ch gehs ~esq urcpbbzp|em|`che|s$ eh` pjbqb im|gq mi `c|bap eapcmh mipbh ajeddbhnb` v|byecdchn

qp|rapr|bq *chadr`chn pjmqb mh pjb dbip# ch chp|cnrchn ~esq( Pjbqbgmybgbhpq `bqb|yb pm lb qpr`cb` eh` rh`b|qpmm` ch pjbgqbdybq$ eh` ch|bdepcmh pm mpjb| ve|pcbq eh` Cpeds eq e ~jmdb( Vjcd B`~e|`q lmmo jbdvq rqch pjcq rh`b|qpeh`chn eh` ch |b'dmaepchn pjcq vb|cm` ~cpjch pjb vmqp'539:rvjbeyedq ~jcaj qjmmo qajmmdq$ rhcyb|qcpcbq eh` mpjb| chqpcprpcmhq ea|mqqCpeds(

Jm~byb|$ C eg dbqq amhychab` elmrp mpjb| ibepr|bq mi pjcq qpr`s( Chpjcq |bycb~ C ~cdd `bed ~cpj pj|bb urbqpcmhq-cqqrbq ~jcaj qbbg pm gb pm`bqb|yb ir|pjb| pjmrnjp$ ep pjb yb|s dbeqp( Pjb ic|qp cq pjb cqqrb mi ycmdbhab(Ch |babhp sbe|q$ gehs i|mg pjb 539: nbhb|epcmh jeyb lbnrh pm |bidbap mhpjb ycmdbhab ~jcaj bgehepb` i|mg pjmqb sbe|q( Qmgb mi pjbqb `c` hmp bhpb|

pjb e|gb` qp|rnndb$ lrp gehs mpjb|q `c`( C eg pjchochn ch ve|pcarde| miEhhe L|eymq lmmo$ Ec amdvc `c arm|b *6q( Cp pmmo eh bzp|bgbds dmhn pcgbim| pjb ie| dbip pm geob e adbe| l|beo ~cpj e|gb` ycmdbhab$ eh` ch ve|p pjcq~eq lbaerqb pjb dbip n|mrvchnq *lb pjbs pjb m|nehcqepcmhq i|mg 539:$ m|Erpmhmgce cpqbdi# v|eapcqb` ycmdbhab mh eh edgmqp `ecds leqcq$ mipbh chamhi|mhpepcmh ~cpj pjb qpepb$ lrp edqm ~cpj |bne|` pm mpjb| dbip n|mrvq$ibgchcqpq eh` pjb VAC( B`~e|`q `cqarqqbq pjb rqb mi ycmdbhab mh e hrglb|mi maaeqcmhq$ lrp yb|s |e|bds cq cp qbbh ch a|cpcaed pb|gq m| eq e v|mldbg chcpqbdi( Pjcq enhmqpca eppcpr`b ~eq edqm yb|s graj ve|p mi pjb gmybgbhp cpqbdi(Ch pjcq qbhqb cp ~mrd` jeyb lbbh rqbird$ C ibbd$ im| B`~e|`q pm dmmo ep pjbdcpb|epr|b |bdepchn pm pjb gbgm|s eh` qrlkbapcycps mi 539:$ bqvbacedds pjb~m|o mi Veqqb|chc$ Vm|pbddc$ L|eym eh`$ im| bzegvdb$ Nrc`m Ycedb( Pjb qjm|pqbapcmh mh gbgm|s ch pjcq lmmo `mbqhp |bedds bhnenb ~cpj ehs qpr`cbq migbgm|s cpqbdi$ eh` qbbq im|nbppchn ch pb|gq mi ~jep jcqpm|cehq m| vmdcpcaedqacbhpcqpq jeyb ajmqbh hmp pm qpr`s(

E qbamh`$ dchob` urbqpcmh |bdepbq pm pjb VAC( B`~e|`q ldegbq pjbAmggrhcqp Ve|ps im| e iecdr|b pm bhnenb ~cpj pjb 53>6q gmybgbhpq eh`


14/18

530

aeddq pjcq e p|enca b||m|( Jm~byb|$ pjcq qbbgq pm gb qmgbpjchn mi eqcgvdcicaepcmh( Ch pjb ic|qp vdeab$ gehs mi pjmqb ~jm pmmo ve|p ch qp|cobq$

jmrqchn maarvepcmhq$ v|mpbqpq mi edd och`q$ ~b|b ch ieap gbglb|q mi pjb VACm| ibddm~'p|eybddb|q mi pjb ve|ps( Pjb VAC v|bqbhpb` jb|b cq e och` migmhmdcpjca ldmao$ ~cpjmrp gcdcpehpq m| rhcmh eapcycqpq( Gm|bmyb|$ pjb VAC~eq adbe|ds pjb bhbgs im| gehs ~jm pmmo ve|p ch pjb `c|bap eapcmh v|mpbqpqmi pjb 53>6q( Cp ~mrd` jeyb lbbh yb|s m`` ch`bb` ci Bh|cam Lb|dchnrb| ~b|bpm jeyb e`mvpb` pjb c`beq mi Ehpmhcm Hbn|c$ m| M|bqpb Qaed{mhb$ ch 53>2( Cqcgvds `mhp qbb jm~ pjb VAC mi pjb 53>6q amrd` jeyb bhnenb` vmqcpcybds~cpj$ im| bzegvdb$ Erpmhmgce Mvb|ece( Ch ieap$ pjb p~m m|nehcqepcmhqi|burbhpds aegb pm ldm~q$ m| ~m|qb( Cp cq edqm adbe| eq pjcq lmmo qjm~q pjep pjb gmybgbhp ~eq `bbvds i|engbhpb` ep e ~jmdb qb|cbq mi dbybdq(Erpmhmgce ~eq `bibepb` im| e ~jmdb qb|cbq mi |beqmhq$ chadr`chn pjep mi

qpepb |bv|bqqcmh$ lrp edqm lbaerqb mi cpq m~h b||m|q eh` e||mnehab$ eq ~bdd eqcpq egm|ed eppcpr`b pm ycmdbhab( Ichedds$ pjb|b cq ie| pmm dcppdb jb|b mhibgchcqg$ ~jcaj qbbgq pm lb chadr`b` edgmqp eq eh eipb|pjmrnjp$ `bqvcpbpjb ieap pjep cp ~eq e|nrelds pjb gmqp qraabqqird$ ep dbeqp ch pb|gq mi eapreddsajehnchn pjb ~m|d` B`~e|`q ajmmqbq pm i|egb jcq lmmo ch pjb sbe|q 53>


15/18

532

Pjb ymdrgb cq `cyc`b` chpm imr| gech ve|pq( Pjb ic|qp ve|p `cqarqqbqCpeds ch pjb chpb|hepcmhed bhyc|mhgbhp$ ch ve|pcarde| pjb a|cqcq mi

rhcdepb|edcqg eh` grdpcdepb|edcqg$ pjb ndmled ichehaced a|cqcq$ pjb bdbapcmh miLe|eao Mlege$ pjb bymdrpcmh mi Cpedceh im|bcnh vmdcas eipb| pjb bdbapcmh mipjb abhp|b'|cnjp nmyb|hgbhp db` ls Qcdycm Lb|drqamhc$ eh` CpedsqGb`cpb||ehbeh vmdcas( Pjb qbamh` ve|p$ ~jcaj ibepr|bq ehmpjb| e|pcadb mhpjb ndmled ichehaced a|cqcq$ `bedq ~cpj pjb chpb|hepcmhed bamhmgs( Pjb pjc|`ve|p imarqbq mh pjb Br|mvbeh Rhcmh$ bqvbacedds cpq chqpcprpcmhed bymdrpcmh eq~bdd eq pjb `bybdmvgbhpq amhab|hchn pjb amggmh im|bcnh eh` qbar|cpsvmdcas eh` pjb amggmh `bibhab vmdcas( Pjb imr|pj ve|p amhpechq qpr`cbq mia|cpcaed qbar|cps e|beq$ qraj eq Einjehcqpeh eh` Veocqpeh( Ichedds$ ep pjb bh`mi pjb ymdrgb$ pjb|b e|b p~m rqbird aj|mhmdmncbq mi$ |bqvbapcybds$ Cpedcehim|bcnh vmdcas eh` pjb gech chpb|hepcmhed eh` Br|mvbeh bybhpq(

Eq cq qmgbpcgbq pjb aeqb ~cpj b`cpb` ymdrgbq$ cp cq qmgb~jep `ciicardppm pbeqb mrp pjb gech amggmh pjbgbq bgb|nchn i|mg pjb ye|cmrq bqqesq$~jcaj pmped 5>( Pjcq cq ve|pcarde|ds amgvdbz ch pjcq ymdrgb$ ncybh pjb ieappjep cp cq e sbe|lmmo$ jbhab e qrlqpehpcyb chp|m`rapcmh cq gcqqchn eh` pjb|bcq hm amhadr`chn ajevpb|( Hmhbpjbdbqq$ eq e|nrb` ls pjb b`cpm|q$ mhb mi pjbdbcpgmpcyq mi gehs bqqesq qbbgq pm lb pjb a|cqcq mi grdpc'vmde|cqg eh` mipjb gech chpb|hepcmhed m|nehcqepcmhq `bedchn ~cpj bamhmgca eq ~bdd eqqbar|cps geppb|q( Bzcqpchn chpb|hepcmhed chqpcprpcmhq e|b bymdychn ch ve|eddbd~cpj eh` ve|pds eq e amhqburbhab mi pjb bgb|nbhab mi hb~ eapm|q(

Pjb ymdrgb jeq lmpj qp|bhnpjq eh` ~beohbqqbq( Pjb b`cpm|q jeybl|mrnjp pmnbpjb| eh cgv|bqqcyb e||es mi amhp|clrpcmhq i|mg dbe`chn bzvb|pq

ch pjbc| |bqvbapcyb icbd`q( Jm~byb|$ eq hmpb` elmyb$ pjb ymdrgb ~mrd` jeyblbhbicpb` i|mg e qrlqpehpcyb chp|m`rapcmh$ jcnjdcnjpchn pjb gech pjbgbq mipjb ymdrgb eh` jm~ pjb ye|cmrq bqqesq icp pmnbpjb|(

Ep pcgbq pjb|b cq qmgb *vb|jevq rheymc`eldb# myb|dev lbp~bbhamhp|clrpcmhq$ qmgb mi ~jcaj mhds chac`bhpedds a|mqq |bib|bhab beaj mpjb|$`bqvcpb `bedchn ~cpj pjb qegb cqqrb m| |bdepb` pmvcaq( Qmgb bzegvdbq e|bpjb bqqesq mh pjb ndmled ichehaced a|cqcq eh` pjmqb `bedchn ~cpj pjbBr|mvbeh Rhcmh( Pjb ymdrgb ~mrd` lb cgv|myb` ls pjb `bybdmvgbhp miqshb|ncbq lbp~bbh pjb ye|cmrq bqqesq(

Pjb bqqesq pbh` pm lb |epjb| qjm|p eh` qmgbpcgbq pjbs e|b e lcp`bqa|cvpcyb$ ch pjep pjb qveab `bympb` pm pjb ehedsqcq cq *vb|jevq hbabqqe|cds#dcgcpb`( Pjcq gcnjp ~bdd lb e amggmh ibepr|b mi edd sbe|lmmoq? jm~byb| pjb|be`b| *~bdd$ ep dbeqp pjcq |be`b|# ~mrd` ~bdamgb dmhnb| eh` gm|b `bpecdb`bqqesq$ bqvbacedds ncybh pjb jcnj aedcl|b mi pjb amhp|clrpm|q( Pjbc| ch'`bvpjehedsqcq mi pjb cqqrbq `cqarqqb` ~mrd` geob cp yb|s pjmrnjp'v|mymochn|be`chn( Pjcq ~mrd` |burc|b pjb chadrqcmh mi e qgeddb| hrglb| mi bqqesqeh` pjb `cqarqqcmh mi ib~b| pmvcaq$ pjmrnj pjb|b gcnjp ~bdd lb bamhmgcbqmi qaedb pm lb je` ls |b`rachn pjb hrglb| mi bqqesq `bedchn ~cpj pjb qegb*m| |bdepb`# pmvcaq(


16/18

539

Edd ch edd$ `bqvcpb qmgb |mmg im| cgv|mybgbhp$ pjb CEC'CQVC sbe|lmmo|bgechq e grqp im| edd pjmqb chpb|bqpb` ch Cpedceh im|bcnh vmdcas eh` im|bcnh

vmdcas `bybdmvgbhpq pmrp amr|p lbaerqb mi cpq ~c`b amyb|enb$ pcgbdchbqq$eh` pjb jcnj uredcps mi pjb ch`cyc`red amhp|clrpcmhq(

Drace UrendceRhcyb|qcps mi Qrqqbz

Ncehvcbp|m Ge{{mdbhc eh` Ehhe Qie|`chc$ Vmdcpcae Vmv; @e Vm|pe e Vm|pe eDCqmde `bc Iegmqc$ Lmdmnhe; Cd Grdchm$


17/18

53>

eapm|q pr|h pjbgqbdybq chpm abdbl|cpcbq |be`s pm ibb` pjb gb`cegeajchb ~cpj vb|qmhed `bpecdq elmrp pjbc| v|cyepb dcybq( Pjb pjc|` amrd`

|be` ldegb pjb vrldca; lmpj kmr|hedcqpq eh` vmdcpcacehq eèvp pm pjb`bgeh`q mi pjb geqqbq$ ve|pcarde|ds pjbc| chqepceldb peqpb im| nmqqcv eh`bhpb|pechgbhp( Pjb lmmo qjm~q pjep beaj mi pjbqb ehq~b|q$ edlbcpamhpechchn qmgb bdbgbhpq mi p|rpj$ cq che`burepb( Chqpbe`$ cp peobq pjb|be`b| mh e qsqpbgepca ehedspcaed kmr|hbs pm qjm~ pjb amgvdbz |bdepcmhqjcvqlbp~bbh vmdcpcaed eapm|q$ kmr|hedcqpq$ eh` vmdcpcaedds eapcybch ~esq pjep `mye|s i|mg ch`cyc`red pm ch`cyc`reder`cbhabq(

Pjb kmr|hbs cq `cyc`b` chpm qcz ajevpb|q( Cp mvbhq ~cpj eh chp|m`rapm|s`cqarqqcmh mi pjb ~es vmdcpcaq eh` vmvrde| ardpr|b jeyb gbp pj|mrnjpbdbycqcmh( Cp chadr`bq bzegvdbq mi pjb ~es vmdcpcacehq jeyb iegmrqds

evv|mv|cepb` pjb ycqred gb`crgegmhn pjbg pjb evvbe|ehab mi L|cpcqjGV Nbm|nb Neddm~es mh Abdbl|cps Lcn L|mpjb|( Pjb qbamh` ajevpb| qjcipq pjbehedspcaed dbhq pm~e|`q pjb Cpedceh aeqb( Cp bzvdechq jm~ pjb amglchepcmh mipjb PY ge|obp qp|rapr|b ch pjb amrhp|s$ psvcaedds Cpedceh gb`ceamhqrgvpcmh jelcpq$ eh` qmacmdmncaed eppcpr`bq pm~e|`q pjb PY gb`crgjeyb db` pm e ldr||chn mi pjb lmrhè|cbq lbp~bbh pjb vrldca eh` pjb v|cyepbqvjb|bq( Ajevpb| pj|bb geobq pjb vmchp pjep pjb jcqpm|s mi pjb amrhp|s jeqlbbh am'~|cppbh ls lmpj vmdcpcacehq eh` kmr|hedcqpq$ ve|pcbq eh` gb`ce$ ch ea|bqabh`m mi |bdepcmhqjcvq eh` `bn|bbq mi chpbhqcps |e|bds mlqb|yeldb chmpjb| gepr|b `bgma|eacbq *v( 22#( Cp qjm~q pjb ~es ch ~jcaj pjb grpred`bvbh`bhas lbp~bbh gb`ce eh` vmdcpcaed eapm|q jeq bymdyb` myb| pcgb$

qjevb` ls qp|rapr|ed ajehnbq ch pjb |rdbq mi pjb negb lbsmh` pjb vb|qmhed|bdepcmhqjcvq lbp~bbh kmr|hedcqpq eh` vmdcpcacehq *~jbh pjbc| |mdbq jeyb hmpgb|nb` edpmnbpjb|#( Im| bzegvdb$ pjb ajevpb| cddrqp|epbq jm~ pjbchp|m`rapcmh mi pjb ic|qp'veqp'pjb'vmqp qsqpbg ajehnb` pjb hepr|b mivmdcpcaed aegvecnhchn ls bgvjeqcqchn pjb |mdb mi qchndb aeh`cèpbq$ pjb|blsdbe`chn pm e vb|qmhedcqepcmh mi vmdcpcaq( Pjb


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cgveap mi chimpechgbhp eh` vmdcpechgbhp mh vmdcpcaed ve|pcacvepcmh eh`acpc{bhqjcv( Pjbqb eqvbapq e|b bgvc|caedds bzvdm|b` ch ajevpb| qcz$ ~jb|b

ycb~chn |epchnq eh` v|micdbq mi er`cbhabq ~jm |bnrde|ds ~epajchim-vmdcpechgbhp v|mn|eggbq e|b chpbn|epb` ~cpj byc`bhab i|mg imarqn|mrvq( Pjb `cqarqqcmh |bybedq pjep pjb c`be mi e am||bdepcmh lbp~bbh pjbamhqrgvpcmh mi chim-vmdcpechgbhp v|mn|eggbq eh` dm~ chpb|bqp ch vmdcpcaqcq qcgvdcqpca$ ci hmp ~|mhn( Pjb Cpedceh ycb~b|'acpc{bh *acppe`chm'qvbppepm|b#$ mhpjb amhp|e|s$ |bne|`dbqq mi dbybd mi chpb|bqp ch vmdcpcaq$ pbh`q pm lb ~bdd'chim|gb`$ e~e|b mi pjb vmdcpcaed miib| mh PY$ eh` eldb pm `cqab|h pjbv|mn|eggbq pjep gbbp jcq-jb| chpb|bqpq$ yedrbq$ eh` hbb`q( Ch`bb`$ |epjb|pjeh e vmqqcldb pj|bep pm `bgma|eas eh` acyca bhnenbgbhp$ pjb PY vmdcpcaedbhpb|pechgbhp im|gepq e|b `bqa|clb` eq pjb hb~ gcdcbr mi vmqpgm`b|hvmdcpcaed ve|pcacvepcmh *v(519#(

Pjb lmmo cq e yedreldb e``cpcmh pm pjb rh`b|qpeh`chn mi eh cha|beqchndscgvm|pehp `cgbhqcmh mi Cpedceh vmdcpcaq( Cp cq beqcds eh` yb|s urcaods |be`$ eq~bdd eq lbchn eaabqqcldb edqm pm e |be`b|qjcv mi hmh'qvbacedcqpq mi Cpedcehvmdcpcaq( Cp amhpechq eh evvbh`cz ~cpj pjb `bqa|cvpcmh mi

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