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Introduction toSystem Development

Environment


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Introduction

Earlier applications

Keeping recordsof transactions

Airline Reservations Keeping recordsof Stock

Information Systems


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Information Systems

Introduction

Production HRM - Training Telephone Integration

Computers are now becoming part of virtuallyevery activity in organization


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Information SystemInformation System

It is an arrangement of

People ProcessInterface Data Technology

Improve day to day operations

problem solving and decision making

Network


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Information SystemInformation Technology

It is an arrangement of

Computer Technology

Hardware & SoftwareTelecommunication

Data, image, voice


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StakeholderIs any person who has an interest in aninformation system.

Systems Design Environment


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Systems Design Environment Stakeholders cont..

Use the system toperform or support the

work to be completed.

System Usersor Clients


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Stakeholders cont..

System Owner

Owns the system.


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Stakeholders cont..

System Designer

Design the computer files,databases, inputs,outputs, screens,networks, and programs

that will meet the systemusers requirements.


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Stakeholders cont..

System Builders

Construct, test and deliverthe Information System


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Stakeholders cont..

Systems Analysts

Bridge the communication

gap that exists betweennon technical andtechnical people involvedwith building systems.


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Stakeholders cont..

Systems Analysts

- Identify the problem

- Analyze and understand theproblem- Identify the solution

requirements- Identify alternative solutions- Design and implement the

best solution

- Evaluate the result

What does a systems analystdo?


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Stakeholders cont..

Vendors

Consultants

Sell Hardware, Software, and servicesto business


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Information System Development Teams usually consistsof the these 6 Stakeholders


System User

System Designer

VendorsSystem Builders

System Analysts Consultants

System Owner


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Outsourcing

Contracting with an outside vendor to assumeresponsibility


In house developer Out side vendors

Less costly

Value added

T e c h

n o l o

g y

S o u

r c e


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Legacy systems

Old Information System Applications

Use Old or OutdatedTechnologies that were popularat the time.


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Legacy systems cont.

Converted to satisfy

new environments

Oldtechnology

New

technology

Support old businessrequirements

Support newbusiness requirements

Oldstandard

Newstandard

Newfunctionality

Old system

Y2K?

Euro?

New system

Y2K free

Euro


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Many complex legacy systems yet to beupgraded to new technologies because of Cost,

Skills and People required

Force to change to reflect new or changing

business requirements. Year 2000 problem (Y2K) Euro conversion


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Y2K problem Many computers and applications storeddate with only 2 digits.

(e.g. 99 =1999) Problems : when the millennium changed

(e.g. 03=2003)

Born in 1978Age? -75, 0, 75


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Types of Information SystemsTransaction Process

System (TPS)Management Information

System (MIS)Decision Support System

(DSS)Expert System (ES)

Office Automation andWork Group SystemCentralized SystemsDistributed Systems

Client Server SystemsNetwork Computing System


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Types of Information SystemTransaction Process Systems (TPS)Information systems that capture and process data about businesstransactions

Examples

AirlineReservations

Retailpoint of sale

Bank deposit andwithdrawal

BIT @UCSC CourseRegistration

Transaction

-----------------

----------------------------

Information

C a p t

u r e

D a t a

P r o c

e s s


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Types of Information SystemManagement Information System (MIS)MIS is an information system application that provides for managementoriented reporting.

Examples

Inventory reportingProduction scheduling Sales forecast


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Types of Information SystemManagement Information System (MIS) cont..

Normally produced from a shared database.

Information

Summeryinformation Detail information

Exceptioninformation

MIS

Produces


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Types of Information SystemDecision Support System (DSS) Provides its user with decision-oriented information whenever

decision making situation arises. Sometimes called executive information system .

Executes at workWith DSS

Types of Support

Identification of problemsor decision makingopportunities

Identification of possible

solutions and decisionsaccess to informationneeded to solve a

problem or make adecision

Analysis of possibledecision that willaffect the decision

Simulation ofpossible solutionsand their likelyresults.


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Types of Information SystemExpert System (ES)-- An expert system is a programmed decision making information

system.-- It capture s and reproduces the knowledge and expertise of a decision

maker and-- Simulates the thinking of the expert.

I am a computer,

sorry no. NoI am a human Artificial Intelligen ce (AI)Technology that captures,stores, and provides accessto the reasoning of theexperts.

Implemented with


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Types of Information SystemOffice Automation Systems-- Support wide range of business office activities-- Provide facilities for improved work flow and communication between workers

-- Workers may not be located in the same office.

f a c s i m

l e

E - M a i l

i g a m I n g E l e

c t r o n i c d

o c u m e n

t

W o r k g r o u p

c o m p u t i

n g

W o r k g r o u p s

c h e d u l i

n g


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Types of Information SystemOffice Automation Systems

Designed to support--- Individuals--- Workgroups Personal Information Systems

- for a single user

Work group Information Systems- for a work group


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Centralized Systems

User

I have allsystem data

I am doing allprocessing

Provideinterfaces

Databases


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Distributed Systems

1. Client Server SystemsSolutions are distributed between client PCs and one or more servers.

AccountsSales

Design

Construction

-- Components of an information system-- Processing workload required to

support the components

Distributedto multiplelocations


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Distributed Systems

Client Server Systems cont..

Clients may be thin or fat

Acts only asa terminal

Almost all PCs

e.g. Windows terminal


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Processing Types1. Batch Processing

The data entered is collected

into files called batches. Eachfile is processed as a batch ofmany transactions.

Super market-Batch processing


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Processing Types2. Online Processing

ATM-Real time processing

The captured data is processedimmediately.


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Development Process

Tools

Methods

Most EffectiveWay ofBuilding

Methodologies have a predefined set of steps, and a Collection of toolsused to design a system

It ensures that systems are built in the most effective way.


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Development Processcont.

Methodologies provide the organizersframework for systems development.

Defines :

The stages into which the development will bebroken The tasks to be performed.

The deliverables from these tasks Standards to be used Quality checks to be applied .

Etc.


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Development Process cont.Modeling Methods or Techniques Techniques used to implement the Methodology.

Provides the descriptions of the business systemrequirements from various view points.

E.g. Data Flow Diagrams, Entity Relationship DiagramsUse Case Diagrams etc.


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Development Process cont.

Software systems that assists analysts and

designer to build computer based informationsystem.

Tools


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Development Process cont.

General Aim :

Decrease the human effort required to developsoftware.and/or increase the quality of software

Tools

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