It Takes a Village

Collaborating with traditional and non-traditional resources

to reduce DWI’s in our community

AADCPApril, 26 2016

It Takes A Village

Mark StodolaProbation Fellow

American Probation and Parole AssociationKrista Forster

Program SpecialistArizona Administrative Office of the Courts

Course Objectives

Participants will• Identify the most effective tools in the supervision of DWI Offenders

• Determine treatment/program gaps in your community

• Identify and prioritize traditional and non-traditional community resources

• Identify strategies to promote collaboration and enhance community resources

What’s the problem?

•In 2011, there were 1.2 million drivers arrested for driving under the influence

• In 2014 there were 9,967 alcohol related traffic fatalities.

• 94 million drunk driving episodes in 2013

Arizona DWI Fatalities

Alcohol-Impaired Driving

Fatalities (BAC=.08+)

*

2010

206

2011

212

2012

230

2013

219

2014

199

Arizona DWI Fatalities

Other Arizona Statistics

• DWI fatalities represent 26% of all traffic fatalities in Arizona. National average is 31%

• Alcohol related crash injuries-3,480 (2013)• DWI Arrests- 26,843• DWI Convictions- Not available • Tax payer subsidy of fatalities- $1 billion • 74% of alc. Fatalities had .15% BAC• 5 time offenders- Not available

GOOD NEWS!

•Two Thirds of DWI Offenders self correct!

4,751,400 individuals under community supervision in 2013

15% of this probation population have been convicted of DWIs

8% of the probation population have been convicted of multiple DWIs

Impaired drivers:Who ends up on a supervised probation

caseload?

• High risk drunk drivers who drive with a high BAC level of .15 or above, with more than one drunk driving arrest

• Highly resistant to changing their behavior despite previous sanctions, treatment or education efforts.

• Less than five percent of these drivers account for about 80 percent of the impaired driving episodes

Unique challenges to supervising these impaired drivers?

• Don’t identify with being a criminal• Criminal history includes prior non alcohol related convictions

• White males late 20’s to early 30’s

• Low level of education

Unique challenges

Unemployed/Under-employed

Unmarried

More Hostile

33% of males, 50% of females have a psychiatric disorder

What challenges do you have with DWI Offenders?

What works in the Supervision of Impaired Drivers (and does your community have what works?)

Assessments•Alcohol Risk Assessment Instruments

• ADS (Alcohol Dependence Scale)• ASUDS-R (Adult Substance Use and Driving Survey – Revised)• ASI (Alcohol Severity Index)• AUDIT (Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test)• IDTS (Inventory Drug-Taking Situations)• DAST (Drug Abuse Screening Test)• LSI-R (Level of Service Inventory-Revised)• MAST (Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test)• SASSI (Substance Abuse Subtle Screening Inventory)• RIASI (Research Institute on Addiction Self Inventory)• IDA (Impaired Driver Assessment)• CARS (Computerized Assessment and Referral System)

Supervision that:

•Places focus on the person, not the charge

•Addresses criminogenic needs•The Big Four•The Next Four

The Big Four

Criminogenic Need Response

History of anti-social behavior Build non-criminal alternative behaviors to risky situations

Anti-social personality Build problem solving, self management, anger management, and coping skills

Anti-social cognition Reduce anti-social cognition, recognize risky thinking and feelings, adopt an alternative identity

Anti-social companions Reduce association with criminals, enhance contact with pro-social

Source: Ed Latessa, Ph.D.

The Next Four

Criminogenic Need Response

Family and/or marital Reduce conflict, build positive relationships and communication, enhance monitoring/supervision

Substance abuse Reduce usage, reduce the supports for abuse behavior, enhance alternatives to abuse

School and/or work Enhance performance rewards and satisfaction

Leisure and/or recreation Enhance involvement and satisfaction in pro-social activities

Source: Ed Latessa, Ph.D.

2 factors for behavioral change…..

•Time

•Interventions

Supervision that: includes Technology

• Ignition Interlock•Transdermal Alcohol Devices•Mobile Alcohol Monitoring Technology

Supervision and collaboration

• DWI Courts • Community based alcohol treatment• Detox programs• Mental health treatment• Motivational Interviewing• Medication Assisted Treatment (MAT)• Community based support

• 12 step groups• Rational Recovery

Other Considerations for Success

•Employment•Transportation•Housing•Re-entry•Transitional living/halfway house

Law Enforcement/Probation

Treatment

Social Services

Family Therapy

Government Agencies/Officials

Mentoring Programs Faith CommunityArts

Health

Housing

LiteracyPrograms

Service Organizations

Schools/Colleges/Universities

Recreational/Libraries

Employment/Job Training

Mental Health Services

Community BasedOrganizations

CommunityFoundations

Businesses

Community Map

CLIENT

Challenges getting from here to there…

•Treatment Limitations•Community indifference •High Caseloads•Difficult population for empathy

Challenges getting from here to there

•Costs associated with offense• Court fines• Probation Service Fees• Attorney Fees• Increase in insurance rates• Ignition Interlock or other technologies• Treatment• Court program costs• Transportation costs after license suspension

• Average costs-$300-$500 a month

What’s your wish list to improve success with DWI

Offenders?

How can we engage the community?

DANCIN DUDE

Community and Treatment Mapping: Getting to know your community

Community/Treatment Mapping•What is the purpose:

•What’s out there?•Are there gaps in service?•Are services being provided that meet the needs of specific counties?

•Are providers using Evidence Based Practices?•What are the barriers to treatment?•How can probation departments find the right provider?

•Appropriate funding sources•Assumptions

What are the characteristics of your town, community or neighborhood?

Decide if your community would be considered urban, rural or somewhere in between according to your

understanding of the terms.

Rural Healthcare• In many rural areas, low population is combined with a lack of health services, poverty, underserved areas and geographic isolation.

• Transportation issues such as distance, topography, and lack of mass transit

Urban Healthcare• In many urban areas, there are too many choices. • “Favorites”• Difficulty finding the most appropriate treatment

Service gaps

•Consistency (staff, funding, participants)•Lack of treatment programs (IOP, residential, detox, in-patient acute care facility)

•Access to treatment/Geographical challenges•Specialty services (ie. DV, DUI, Sex Offender)

•Statutorily mandated services •Emergency Housing/Homeless Shelters•Sober Support/12 step meetings

How can we engage the community?

Arm yourself with great information!

• Understand the problem and the need • Gap analysis• Statistical analysis

• Look at the # of DWI’s• Where do I get this????

• Look at DWI trends• How many are on probation?• What is their violation rate?• Talk to treatment providers. What do they see as needs?• Understand the research on what works

Discuss Facts!• # of DWI’s• What research shows with this population• Rate of recidivism/Cost of Incarceration• Need in community with research support Cost of DWI’s on community

BROWARD COUNTY FLORIDA DWI’s 2013

VIOL GROUP

CRIMINAL

FHP CityPD ShrfDept Other

* TotalViol Guilty

PD CivilP

Adj w/h Judge

NotGuilty Dism NollPros

TotaDisp

DispPend

DUI 310 1,757 1,885 22 3,974 1,653 1 90 36 26 1,101 2,907 1,067

TOTALS 310 1,757 1,885 22 3,974 1,653 1 90 36 26 1,101 2,907 1,067

PERCENTAGES 8% 44% 47% 1% 100% 57% 0% 3% 1% 1% 38% 73% 27%

GRAND TOTALS

GRAND TOTALS 310 1,757 1,885 22 3,974 1,653 1 90 36 26 1,101 2,907 1,067

PERCENTAGES 8% 44% 47% 1% 100% 57% 0% 3% 1% 1% 38% 73% 27%

FLORIDA UNIFORM TRAFFIC CITATION STATISTICS VIOLATIONS AND DISPOSITIONS MADE DURING PERIOD 01/2013- 12/2013COUNTY TOTAL BROWARD

DISPOSITION OF VIOLATIONS, INCLUDING THOSE REDUCED OR CHANGED

WHAT THE COMMUNITY NEEDS TO REMEMBER ABOUT OUR

DWI POPULATION?

•They are part of our community•They are not going anywhere•Punishment alone does not change behaviors

Focus on the Issue!

Who is giving the message? Who needs to be at the table?

Who is your audience? (traditional)

• Courts• Governing authorities• Treatment providers• Treatment oversight (RBHA)• Law enforcement• Corrections• Federal authorities• Governor’s Office of Highway Safety

Who is your audience?(community based)

•12 Step Groups•Faith based Treatment•MADD•SADD•Victims

Who is your audience?(non-traditional)

• Who are the points of light in your community • Churches• Local Businesses

• depending on what you are asking for• Neighborhood groups• Animal Clubs• Community leaders

NEXT STEPS – ACTION

•Developing an Action Plan• Implementing an Action Plan

Developing your elevator speech

Final Thoughts-If not you, then who?

SUMMARY

•Understand the problem (Get the facts!)

•Understand what works•Understand your community gaps/needs

•Lead and Collaborate!

“Never doubt that a small group of thoughtful, committed, citizens can change the world. Indeed, it is the only thing that ever has.” ― Margaret Mead

Resources

American Probation and Parole Association-http://www.appa-net.org/eweb/

National Highway Traffic Safety Administration-http://www.nhtsa.gov/

Traffic Injury Research Foundation-http://www.tirf.ca/index.php

National Center for DWI Courts http://www.dwicourts.org/

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CONTACT INFORMATION

Mark StodolaProbationfellow@csg.org

602-402-0523Krista Forster

Kforster@courts.az.gov