1. Honasan V The Panel Of Investigating Prosecutor Of The Department Of Justice (ARTI!" #$

Issues%&hether the Om'u(sman)DOJ Joint ircular no. *+),,1 is ine-ective on the groun( that it .as not pu'lishe(R/!I01%0o.o Interpretative regulations an( those merel2 internal in nature3 that is regulating onl2 the personnel of the a(ministrative agenc2 an( not the pu'lic3 nee( not 'e pu'lishe(. 0either is pu'lication re4uire( of the so calle( letters of instructions issue( '2 the a(ministrative superiors concerning the rules on gui(elines to 'e follo.e( '2 their su'or(inates in performance of their (uties.O56)DOJ Joint irculars no. *+),,1 is merel2 an internal circular 'et.een the DOJ an( the o7ce of the Om'u(sman3 Outlining authorit2 an( responsi'ilities among prosecutors of the DOJ an( of the o7ce of the Om'u(sman in the con(uct of preliminar2 investigation. It (oes not regulate the con(uct of persons or the pu'lic3 in general.#. 1at'onton vs 0!R (ARTI!" #$Issues%&hether 5apua8s Rules an( Regulations is e-ective as of Januar2 113 1*** .hen it .as pu'lishe( onl2 on 9e'ruar2 #:3 1*** (persons$R/!I01 0O. 5apua Rules is one of those issuances that shoul( 'e pu'lishe( for its e-ectivit23 since its purpose is to enforce an( implement R.A. 0o. ;0 Ju(ge Pamintuan is guilt2 of 1ross Ignorance of the !a.R/!I01%?"=. Ju(ge Pamintuan shoul( have reali@e( that the trial court (i( not rule on that point that the 1ol(en 6u((ha is faAe in its 5a2 :,3 1**B Or(er (even in its =eptem'er #3 1**B Or(er$C. People of the Philippines vs. Duiachon3 1.R. 0o. 1;,#:B 3 August :13 #,,B ( ARTI!" C$Issue% &hether the appellant can 'eneEt from R.A. *:CB .hicha'olishe( the (eath penalt2 la..Hel(% ?es.!a.s .hich are favora'le to accuse( are given retroactive e-ect. This principle is em'o(ie( un(er Article ## of the Revise( Penal o(e3 .hich provi(es as follo.s% Retroactive e-ect of penal la.s. F Penal la.s shall have a retroactive e-ect insofar as the2 favor the persons guilt2 of a felon23 .ho is not a ha'itual criminal3 as this term is (eEne( inRule + of Article B# of this o(e3 although at the time of the pu'lication of such la.s3 a Enal sentence has 'een pronounce( an( the convict is serving the same.+. JARI!!O v. P"OP!" 1.R. 0o. 1BCC:+3 June #*3 #,1, (ARTI!" C$I==/"% .hether or not the petitioner8s marriage entere( into 'efore the e-ectivit2 of the famil2 co(e can appl2 sec #* of the marriage la. instea( article C, of the famil2 co(e in (eclaring the marriage voi(R/!I01%0O. Article C, shoul( appl2. The Court already made the declaration that Article 40, which is a rule of procedure, should be applied retroactively because Article 256 of the Family Code itself provides that said "Code shall have retroactive effect insofar as it does not prejudice or impair vested or acquired rihts!"B. 1u2 v. A ( ARTI!" B$Issue% &hether or not a guar(ian can vali(l2 repu(iate the inheritance the .ar(sR/!I01% 0o3 repu(iation amounts to alienation of propert2 an(parents an( guar(ians must necessaril2 o'tain Gu(icial approval. Repu(iation of inheritance must pass the courtHs scrutin2 in or(er to protect the 'est interest of the .ar(. 0ot having 'een authori@e( '2 the court3 the release or .aiver is therefore voi(. 5oreover3 the private)respon(ents coul( not have .aive( their suppose( right as the2 have 2et to prove their status as illegitimate chil(ren of the (ece(ent. It .oul( 'e inconsistent to rule that the2 have .aive( a right .hich3 accor(ing to the petitioner3 the latter (o not have.;. !!OR"0T" vs. A3 1.R. 0o. 1#C:;1. 0ovem'er #:3 #,,, (ARTI!" 1+$I==/"%&hether or not the 0ational !a. shall appl2.R/!I01%!oren@o !lorente .as alrea(2 an American citi@en .hen he (ivorce( Paula. =uch .as also the situation .hen he marrie( Alicia an( eIecute( his .ill. As state( in Article 1+ of the civil co(e3 aliens ma2 o'tain (ivorces a'roa(3 provi(e( that the2 are vali(l2 re4uire( in their 0ational !a.. Thus the (ivorce o'taine( '2 !lorente is vali( 'ecause the la. that governs himis not Philippine !a. 'ut his 0ational !a. since the (ivorce .as contracte( after he 'ecame an American citi@en. 0 onl2 one .ith Guri(ical personalit2 can (ie.H"!D% 0o. The reliance of ontinental =teel on Articles C,3 C1 an( C# of the ivil o(e for the legal (eEnition of (eath is misplace(.Article C, provi(es that a conceive( chil( ac4uirespersonalit2 onl2 .hen it is 'orn3 an( Article C1 (eEnes .hen a chil( is consi(ere( 'orn.Article C# plainl2 states that civil personalit2 is eItinguishe( '2 (eath. The issue of civil personalit2 is irrelevant in this case. Arts C,)C# (o not provi(e at all (eEnition of (eath. !ife is not s2non2mous to civil personalit2. One nee( not ac4uire civil personalit2 Erst 'efore s>he coul( (ie. The onstitution in fact recogni@es the life of the un'orn from conception.9A5I!? OD"1. "D&I0 A. A"6"DO v. "DDI" P. ARD/"ROI==/"%&hether or not Ar4uero shoul( 'e hel( guilt2 of immoralit2H"!D%Ar4uero8s GustiEcation fails. 6eing an emplo2ee of the Gu(iciar23 Ar4uero ought to have Ano.n that the Masun(uan ha( a'solutel2 no force an( e-ect on the vali(it2 of the marriage 'et.een Ace'e(o an( Ira(er. Article 1 of the 9amil2 o(e provi(es that marriage is Oan inviola'le social institution .hose nature3 conse4uences3 an( inci(ents are governe( '2 la. an( not su'Gect to stipulation. It is an institution of pu'lic or(er or polic23 governe( '2 rules esta'lishe( '2 la. .hich cannot 'e ma(e inoperative '2 the stipulation of the parties.#. "spinosa v.Att2. Omana3 A.. 0o. *,her seI. =eIual (evelopment in cases of interseI persons maAes the gen(er classiEcation at 'irth inconclusive. It is at maturit2 that the gen(er of such persons3 liAe respon(ent3 is EIe(. The ourt .ill not consi(er respon(ent as having erre( in not choosing to un(ergo treatment in or(er to 'ecome or remain as a female. 0either .ill the ourt force respon(ent to un(ergo treatment an( to taAe me(ication in or(er to Et the mol( of a female3 as societ2 commonl2 currentl2 Ano.s this gen(er of the human species. Respon(ent is the one .ho has to live .ith his interseI anatom2. To him 'elongs the human right to the pursuit of happiness an( of health. Thus3 to him shoul( 'elong the primor(ial choice of .hat courses of action to taAe along the path of his seIual (evelopment an( maturation. In the a'sence of evi(ence that respon(ent is an QincompetentR an( in the a'sence of evi(ence to sho. that classif2ing respon(ent as a male .ill harm other mem'ers of societ2 .hoare e4uall2 entitle( to protection un(er the la.3 the =upreme ourt a7rme( as vali( an( GustiEe( the respon(ent8s position an( his personal Gu(gment of 'eing a male.?A=I0 V. =HARIA DI=TRIT O/RT (1**+$"0 6A0(1.R. 0o. *C*orseeA Gu(icial authorit2 to use her hus'an(Hs name '2 preEIingthe .or( Y5rs.Y 'efore her hus'an(Hs full name or '2 a((ing her hus'an(Hs surname to her mai(en Erst name. The la. grants her such right (Art. :;,3 ivil o(e$. =imilarl23 .hen themarriage ties or vinculum no longer eIists as in the case of (eath of the hus'an( or (ivorce as authori@e( '2 the 5uslim o(e3 the .i(o. or (ivorcee nee( not seeA Gu(icial conErmation of the change in her civil status in or(er to revertto her mai(en name as the use of her former hus'an(Hs name is optional an( not o'ligator2 for her. &hen petitioner marrie( her hus'an(3 she (i( not change her name 'ut onl2 her civil status. 0either .as she re4uire( to secure Gu(icial authorit2 touse the surname of her hus'an( after the marriage3 as no la. re4uires it. The use of the hus'an(Hs surname (uring the marriage3 after annulment of the marriage an( after the (eathof the hus'an( is permissive an( not o'ligator2 eIcept in caseof legal separation.The court En(s the petition to resume the use of mai(en nameEle( '2 petitioner 'efore the respon(ent court a superVuit2 an( unnecessar2 procee(ing since the la. re4uires her to (o so as her former hus'an( is alrea(2 marrie( to another .oman after o'taining a (ecree of (ivorce from her in accor(ance .ith 5uslim la.s.Remo vs =ecretar2 of 9oreign A-airsase Doctrines% Z A marrie( .oman has an option3 'ut not an o'ligation3 to use her hus'an(8s surname upon marriage. =he is not prohi'ite( from continuousl2 using her mai(en name 'ecause .hen a .oman marries3 she (oes not change her name 'ut onl2 her civil status.Z Once a marrie( .oman opte( to a(opt her hus'an(8s surname in her passport3 she ma2 not revert to the use of her mai(en name3 eIcept in cases of% (1$ (eath of hus'an(3 (#$ (ivorce3 (:$ annulment3 or (C$ nullit2 of marriage.Z The ac4uisition of a Philippine passport is a privilege. The la. recogni@es the passport applicant8s constitutional right to travel. Ho.ever3 the =tate is also man(ate( to protect an( maintain the integrit2 an( cre(i'ilit2 of the passport an( travel (ocuments procee(ing from it as a Philippine passport remains at all times the propert2 of the 1overnment. The hol(er is merel2 a possessor of the passport as long as it is vali(.9acts% 5aria Virginia V. Remo (Remo$ is a 9ilipino citi@en3 marrie( to 9rancisco R. Rallon@a. Her Philippine passport3 .hich .as to eIpire on #; Octo'er #,,,3 sho.e( QRallon@aR as her surname3 Q5aria VirginiaR as her given name3 an( QRemoR as her mi((le name. &hile her marriage .as still su'sisting3 she applie( for the rene.al of her passport .ith the Department of 9oreign A-airs o7ce in hicago3 Illinois3 /.=.A.3 .ith a re4uest to revert to her mai(en name an( surname in the replacement passport. &hen her re4uest .as (enie(3 she ma(e a similar re4uest to the =ecretar2 of 9oreignA-airs. The =ecretar2 of 9oreign A-airs (enie( the re4uest3 hol(ing that .hile it is not o'ligator2 for a marrie( .oman to use her hus'an(8s name3 use of mai(en name is allo.e( in passport application onl2 if the marrie( name has not 'een use( in previous application. The =ecretar2 eIplaine( that un(er the implementing rules of Repu'lic Act 0o. respon(ents!ucila an( ornelia .ere co)o.ners of a #C,)s4uare meter lan( in !as Pinas .hich the2 'ought on installment from 1atchalian Realt23 Inc.Isa'elo an( ornelia pai( for the (o.n pa2ment an( religiousl2 pai( for the monthl2 amorti@ations. /pon !ucia8s plea to help out a Enanciall2 (istresse( cousin (ora@on$3 the si'lings agree( to maAe use of the lot as collateral an( securit2 for a loan from the Philippine Veterans 6anA. In or(er to maAe this possi'le3 !ucia pai( the P