isa drts 6 aplication

DATE: 18/07/2013 DOC.MIE11170 REV. 6.5.2

DISTANCE RELAY AUTOMATIC TESTING APPLICATION GUIDE

Doc. MIE11170 Rev. 6.5.2 of 53

REVISIONS SUMMARY VISA

N. PAG. DATE

1 All 15/02/2010 Preliminary Lodi

2 All 17/10/2012 Issued Lodi

3 All 18/07/2013 Revised Lodi

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1 SAFETY AT WORK ............................................................................. 7 2 TESTING A DISTANCE RELAY .................................................. 11

2.1 FOREWORD .................................................................................... 11 2.2 DISTANCE RELAY CONNECTION ................................................... 12 2.2 STARTING THE TEST PROGRAM ................................................... 15 2.3 THE DISTANCE RELAY IS IN THE RELAY LIBRARY ...................... 16 2.4 THE DISTANCE RELAY IS NOT IN THE RELAY LIBRARY .............. 21

2.4.1 The file is available ................................................... 22 2.4.2 The file is not available: Z - design ................. 23

2.5 TEST OF THE RELAY CHARACTERISTIC ...................................... 24 2.5.1 Click and test ................................................................ 24 2.5.2 Repeat a test ................................................................. 32 2.5.3 Test a new relay characteristic .......................... 37

2.6 VERIFY NOMINAL VALUES ............................................................ 42 2.7 SEARCH THE R/X CHARACTERISTIC ........................................... 45 2.8 SOME MORE GENERAL FUNCTION SELECTIONS ......................... 47

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Disclaimer

Every effort has been made to make this material complete, accurate, and up-to-date. In addition, changes are periodically added to the information herein; these changes will be incorporated into new editions of the publication. ISA S.R.L reserves the right to make improvements and/or changes in the product(s) and/or the program(s) described in this document without notice, and shall not be responsible for any damages, including but not limited to consequential damages, caused by reliance on the material presented, including but not limited to typographical errors.

Copies, reprints or other reproductions of the content or of parts of this publication shall only be permitted with our prior written consent.

All trademarks are the property of their respective holders.

Copyright 2013© ISA S.R.L. Italy – All rights reserved.

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SHORT FOREWORD

Dear ISA automatic relay test set user,

I often wondered why the user’s manual is not very much used,

even if it includes valuable information. As me too I am a user of

such manuals, the answer I have given myself is that valuable

information are concealed somewhere in the thick thing, and I do

not have time to waste to find it. So, either the manual is actually

of help, or I ignore it.

This is why I decided to split the automatic relay test set manuals

in three: specification, with all performance details; introductory

guide, with the device description; application manual, with

instructions about how to use it once its operation is understood.

The idea is that you may read once the introductory guide or the

specification, while you need to follow application examples more

than once; so, why not to split the manual in three?

Also, while the specification and the introductory guide change

with the specific automatic test set: UTB, UTS, ART 3, BER 3,

DRTS, DRTS 3, DRTS 6, DRTS 66, the application does not

change, unless for few instances: for instance, transformer

differential relays can be tested with six currents only with DRTS

6, unless you have an external three-currents option.

This application guide is specially devoted to beginners, as it

provides basic information about how to use the instrument

when testing the key relay types, so that you can get acquainted

of the test set plus the TDMS software. Once key relay testing is

understood, you should refer to the various program manuals for

more details.

Last but not least: with the test set, you got a set of documents,

that includes this one: however, you cannot find the software

manuals: where are they? Well, first of all they are in the HELP of

each software: it is always at hand to explain about what you are

doing; use it. Next, in the CD ROM that you got with the TDMS

program, are also recorded all manuals, in all languages: so, it is

a good idea that you copy them into your PC: you can find it

when you need it.

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Have a good work with ISA test sets!

Luca Biotti

Q&A Manager

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1 SAFETY AT WORK

The Product hereafter described is manufactured and tested

according to the specifications, and when used for normal

applications and within the normal electrical and mechanical

limits will not cause hazard to health and safety, provided that

the standard engineering rules are observed and that it is used

by trained personnel only.

The application guide is published by the Seller to be used

together with the Product described in the corresponding

document. The Seller reserves the right to modify the guide

without warning, for any reason. This includes also but not

only, the adoption of more advanced technological solutions and

modified manufacturing procedures, and also the addition of

other features, not available in the first release.

The Seller declines any difficulties arising from unknown technical

problems. The Seller declines also any responsibility in case of

use beyond the Specifications, modification of the Product

or of any intervention not authorized by the Seller in

writing.

The warranty includes the repair time and the materials

necessary to restore the complete efficiency of the Product; so, it

does not include other burdens, such as the transport and

customs fee. Under no circumstances the warrantee includes

any cost that the User may have suffered because of the Product

unavailability and downtime.

The Product is CE marked, and has been tested to operate

according to EN 61010-1, with the following operating conditions:

. Pollution degree 2: normally, non conductive pollution occurs;

. Measurement category 2, for measurement inputs.

Would the Product be used beyond these limits, its safety

could be impaired.

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Mains supply characteristics is: from 85 to 265 V AC; 50-60 Hz.

Power consumption: 100W at rest; up to 2000 W with the

maximum output power.

At the end of its life, the test set should be disposed in a waste

dedicated to electric and electronic equipment.

The Product deals with voltages and currents that may be lethal

to the unadvertised user. Besides, in order to avoid any danger in

case of fault inside the Product, the device under test should have

the following characteristics:

. Connection sockets must be not accessible;

. Input circuits must have an isolation degree at least equal to the

one of the Product.

. The symbol !

is related to dangerous output, and is

located close to AC and DC voltage outputs.

. The symbol is located close to the ground socket.

. The symbol is located close to the mains supply

protection fuse.

The following table lists a number of situations that are

potentially hazardous to the user and/or to the Product. Please

consider this list, and refer to the introductory manual for

further details.

SITUATION CAUSE OF RISK CONTROL

TEST SET NOT

GROUNDED

Capacitor dividers take the case

at 110 V.

The unit is not protected against

common mode noise.

See below for details.

Ground

connection

VOLTAGE (OR

CURRENT)

NEUTRAL

CONNECTED TO

The test set ground and the

neutral ground are connected to

very distant points of the grid.

There is a voltage differential

VN (IN)

connected

to ground

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GROUND between the grounds; in case of

fault, there is an heavy risk for

the test set and for the operator.

Besides, it is likely that

transient spikes occur during

the test; their value can

exceed the rated isolation

limits.

STAND-BY

GENERATOR

The frequency and amplitude

variations and the superimposed

noise have caused the damage

of the front-end circuit on DRTS

test sets unless DRTS 66.

Supply

waveform

OUTPUT

CONTACTS A

LIVE WIRE

The contact can be dangerous to

the user or even the plant. The

test set voltage outputs are

protected only prior to the first

test.

Test

before

connecting

LONG

GENERATION

OF ALL

CURRENTS

Possible danger of over-heating

components, specially with high

ambient temperature

Check

burden

and

duration

VERY OLD

RELAY, WITH

HEAVILY

INDUCTIVE

LOAD

Spikes as the relay switches the

measuring circuits

Check

burdens

Of these points, the first three are very hazardous, both for the

user and the test set. THESE TYPES OF FAULT ARE NOT

COVERED BY THE WARRANTY.

Other information about the test set, coping with the Standard

EN61010-1, paragraph 5.4.

The USB and ETHERNET ports are isolated with respect to

the ground and all the internal circuitry at 1 kV AC, 50 Hz.

Cleaning of the display can be done using a dry (or slightly

wet) cloth. Do not use solvents, as they would

penetrate the display, and cause a permanent

damage.

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As soon as the mains supply plug is fit, the test set is

powered-on and goes to a stand-by status. Removing the

power supply cable is an emergency intervention: so,

leave room around it so that it is possible to remove

it.

The test set is to be operated with the handle below

it, and with the rear at least 0.1 m far from the wall.

In fact, the cooling air flows from the rear, where it is

sucked, to below the test set. If this flow is barred, the

test set would increase its temperature, at the detriment

of its expected life.

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2 TESTING A DISTANCE RELAY

2.1 FOREWORD

Distance relays behave as follows:

. Measure the fault impedance, and

. Trips with a different timing, according to the fault impedance

value.

On the R-X plane, zone 1 is a surface which includes all

impedances that make the relay to trip with a delay equal

to T1; the zone limit is a line that divides two zones. Testing a

zone limit always involves two tests: one in zone A, the other

one in zone A+1. As a consequence, there is always an

approximation in finding a zone limit: it is the difference between

the two impedances for which:

. With fault Z(A), fault time is T(A), and

. With fault Z(A+1), fault time is T(A+1).

What the software does is to compute currents, voltages,

angles corresponding to ZA and to Z(A+1); then, the test set

applies the computed values to the relay and measures the

corresponding timings. We don’t know where the limit actually

is, and we don’t care, provided that the difference Z(A+1) – Z(A)

is small enough, compared to the average (Z(A) + Z(A+1))/2,

that is the test result. The following sketch shows the situation.

The above implies that key test parameters are zone timings:

if they are wrong, test results will be meaningless. This is why,

TIME

IMPEDANCE

Z(A) Z(A+1)

T(A)

T(A+1)

AVERAGE = TEST RESULT

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prior to start the automatic test, we suggest to verify that timings

are correct. If timings are correct and zone limits are wrong, our

test programs will automatically find the actual limits, with search

algorithms that minimize the search time.

2.2 DISTANCE RELAY CONNECTION

The connection of the distance relay to the test set involves the

following minimum set of connections:

. Three voltage outputs: they are V1, V2, V3 and VN. If you have

six voltage inputs, connect among them the three zero

references, and connect them to VN.

. Three current outputs: they are I1, I2, I3 and IN. If you have

six current inputs, connect among them the three zero

references, and connect them to IN.

. One trip contact. The connection follows the type of contact: if it

is voltage free, connect one end of the contact to the C socket,

and the other one to the C1 socket. If it is with voltage, connect

C to the zero voltage reference, and C1 to the polarized contact.

Other possible basic connections:

. Power supply the relay by connecting the auxiliary voltage input

to the test set V DC output.

. Over-reach command. This command comes from the external

Recloser logic, and it is typically connected to the auxiliary

supply. So, connect the C socket of A1 to the supply positive, and

the N.O. socket to the over-reach relay input.

The following figures shows the connection to DRTS6 and to DRTS

66.

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CO

NN

EC

TIO

N T

O D

RT

S 6

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CONNECTION TO DRTS 66

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Before continuing, consider that:

. There is no problem of the test set power when testing

electronic or numeric relays;

. In case of electro-mechanical relays, the problem of power can

arise. Please refer to the test set introductory guide, where this

problem is dealt. An idea to solve problems is that distance relays

compute the impedance, i.e. the ratio of voltage vs. current.

This means that if you halve both of them, you can perform the

test at the expanse of a moderate accuracy reduction: this

usually solves the power issue. In this situation, if the general

starter is of the over-current type, you should temporarily halve

the settings.

2.2 STARTING THE TEST PROGRAM

The test of a distance relay is performed starting TDMS, and then

pressing DISTANCE RELAYS: the following window is displayed.

The simplest testing situation is that you have a table with a

number of impedance settings to be tested: in this situation,

press Distance 21 and go to the “Verify nominal values”

paragraph.

PRESS HERE

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If you wish to test the complete relay characteristic, the problem

of inputting the relay setting is simplified if the relay is listed in

the relay library: in this situation, the program accepts the relay

settings as they are, and adapts them to the test program. The

heavier alternative is to start the program and to design it by the

editor provided.

Other possibility: you have the nominal settings, and you want to

have a look at the complete characteristics, without having to

design it, also because you don’t know all relevant parameters. In

this instance, go to the “search the R/X characteristic” paragraph.

2.3 THE DISTANCE RELAY IS IN THE RELAY LIBRARY

For revision 6.5.2, the following relays are available in the library

list. NOTE: we keep on adding the newest relays and

manufacturers to our library; so, you could find some more

relays.

MANUFACTURER MODELS

ABB RAZFE, RAZOA, REL300, REL316, REL511,

REL516, REL670, REZ-1, LZ92, LZ96

AREVA EPAC3000, LFZR, MICROMHO, OPTIMHO,

P441-442-4442, P438, QUADRAMHO, P439,

P443-445-446

GENERAL

ELECTRIC

ALPS, URD60, DLP21, TLS1B

HITACHI DMP-02XL

ICE PDZI-N

LANDIS & GYR DAM385, RN1

MITSUBISHI MDT-H

NXT-PHASE L-PRO

PROTECTA DV7036

SCLUMBERGER RXAP33, ZDS8N, PXLP3000

SEL SEL421, SEL321, SEL311

SIEMENS 7SA511, 7SA513, 7SA522, 7SL24, 7SL27,

7SL32, 7SA611-612

SIFANG CSL-101A

TOSHIBA GRZ-100, MXL1E

VATECH OHMEGA

XelPower KYD2X1

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If the relay to be tested is in the library, after pressing it, the

manufacturer list is displayed.

For instance, the above is the selection of 7sa511 of SIEMENS.

With the selection above, the following window is opened.

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The screen shows:

. To the left, the distance relay setting parameters;

. To the right, the corresponding characteristic diagram for the

selected type of fault.

The left part changes for each relay type, following the different

settings of each distance relay (we have never found two equal

settings, even from the same manufacturer!). At this point:

- If you have the setting program of the relay, you can copy

these settings into the window;

- Same thing if you have these settings printed on some

document;

- Else, it is possible to read the settings from the relay itself. To

do this, the relay needs to be supplied; now, may be you can

feed it from the local auxiliary supply, or may be you can’t. In

this last instance, you can use the DC voltage supply of the test

set, as follows.

. Go to TDMS and start DISTANCE 21: the following window is

displayed.

PRESS THIS BUTTON AT THE END OF PROGRAMMING

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. Connect the auxiliary DC supply of your relay to the VDC

sockets.

. Press “Switch V DC on”: the relay is powered-on; you can read

the settings.

. Return to the relay settings page, and key in all parameters.

. When you have finished, return to the DISTANCE 21 screen and

exit.

. Come back to the relay settings page, and press the Distance 21

button: the following message can be displayed, if the relay has

different settings for LLL and LLn faults.

2 PRESS HERE TO GENERATE THE DC VOLTAGE

1 SET HERE THE AUXILIARY

DC VOLTAGE SUPPLY

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If you answer No, two windows are opened: Z – Design and

Distance 21; else, only Distance 21 is opened. We will deal with

Z-Design later on; let us continue with Distance 21, that now

opens up as follows.

The relay characteristic has been transferred to the Distance 21

program: now the actual testing can be performed. Prior to this,

you can save the setting as a .MDB file, pressing File and then

Save.

THIS IS THE RELAY CHARACTERISTIC TO

BE TESTED

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After Save has been pressed, the common dialogue window is

opened: you can save in the selected directory.

Pressing Save, the file is saved for future uses.

2.4 THE DISTANCE RELAY IS NOT IN THE RELAY LIBRARY

If the relay to be tested is not in the library, press Distance 21

and select: FILE Open; the common file dialog window is opened.

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There are four types of files that can be used to load the

characteristic curve:

. MDB files, that are relay test results;

. SET files, that are generated by Z – Design;

. RIO files, that use a “standard” format, adopted by ABB and

SIEMENS;

. BPR files, that are generated by the former X.TEST 2000

programs.

2.4.1 The file is available

In this instance you have to open the file: after this, the

corresponding diagram is opened. If you open an .MDB file, you

will have both the characteristic curve and test results; else, you

only have the characteristic curve, as the one you have got from

the library.

FILES THAT CAN BE OPENED

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2.4.2 The file is not available: Z - design

This is a difficult situation, because it is necessary to edit the

relay characteristic curve. To this purpose, it is available an

editor, Z – design, that eases very much the task.

First of all, go to File and select it:

The following window is opened:

Z-DESIGN SELECTION

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For the description of how to perform the editing, please refer to

the Distance 21 manual.

2.5 TEST OF THE RELAY CHARACTERISTIC

Now you have the relay characteristic, and you want to test it.

Prior to this, it is advisable to perform a short test that confirms

that connections and settings are right: to this purpose, the “Click

and test” selection is the right choice: performing few tests you

avoid to waste time in case something is wrong.

2.5.1 Click and test

. Select Network”: the following window is displayed.

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Here, you can select many things. However, unless you have

used Z – design to draw a new curve, these parameters are

already set, and you can press “Generate prefault” to continue.

Otherwise, you have to input parameters that you can find in the

setting table. Few notes for some selections: for details, call Help

or go to the Distance 21 manual.

. Test mode: the easiest way to perform the test is to select I

constant: the selected test current is used for all tests.

The Zs constant selection provides a much more accurate

simulation of the fault; however, it asks for more test data, and

causes the deformation of MHO curves: so, this is not for

beginners.

GO TO TEST WINDOW

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The CT side selection is obvious; however, don’t forget it: a lot of

test time has been lost before understanding that the direction

was wrong!

About Line parameters, and in particular the earth factor KE,

what I can say is that distance relay manufacturers have applied

all their fantasy to make things as difficult as possible. We have

foreseen all possible ways of defining the earth coefficient, so that

you can find whatever is your relay definition for this parameter:

remember that it applies to single phase faults only. If you find

errors when testing your relay, in 99% of instances the error

comes from this parameter.

For more details, use Help or the Distance 21 manual.

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As explained in the introduction, key parameters are time delays:

if they are too wrong, test result is impaired. ATTENTION: if you

have four zone limits to test, you have to program five timings,

the last one being greater than the biggest timing.

About tolerances, it can be expressed either in absolute value or

in percentage: the bigger one applies. Don’t select a tight

tolerance, as it wound increase test time at no actual benefit: if

you repeat tests with 0.5% tolerance on the same relay, you

don’t get exactly the same result, because of different behaviour

of the distance relay itself.

As you see, it is even possible to program different timings for

different faults: un-check the “Same time delay for all faults” box,

select faults and program timings.

Some more selections, that could confusing:

AND THIS IS THE FIRST

ZONE TIMING

THIS IS THE FIRST

ZONE....

THIS IS THE “NO TRIP”

TIMING

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- Use current zero crossing means that at test start the current is

zero. This is a good choice for single phase and phase to phase

faults, while with three phase faults it is not relevant. Check it.

- Divide the characteristic by Inom: this is in case that settings

are referred to the nominal current.

- Apply V DC with a ramp. Most relays have a big capacitor on the

auxiliary supply input: this serves to avoid loosing data in case of

short duration supply drops. Sometimes, the capacitor is quite

exaggerated, so the test set understands that there is a short

circuit. In this instance, you can check this selection: generates a

slow ramp on the supply, the capacitor is slowly charged and the

test can continue.

- Last, a comment about this: other selections are self-explaining

(I hope; else, Help is there).

What does it mean? Clever boy, you got it: you can display the

relay behaviour in the Z-t plane, once you have selected the

angle at which you want the characteristic to be displayed:

changing angle changes the Z – t diagram. If you click on it, you

get the following image.

Z – t DIAGRAM…

AT THIS ANGLE

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You have impedance on the X axis, and time on the Y axis. To the

left of the Y axis, we are in the reversed direction, that in this

instance is a no trip area: the displayed timing is the maximum

time.

To the right of the Y axis, you are in zone 1: you can read the

timing, and the zone limit impedance, after which we have zone

2, and then zone 3; then there could be the general starter, and

eventually the no trip zone. If you change the selected angle,

zone limits change, but not zone timings.

Once you have finished with settings, press the “Generate pre-

fault” button. As you do, the test set generates pre-fault values.

From now on, don’t disconnect the relay unless after having

pressed the “Reset” pushbutton. The “Test selection” window

is opened.

NO TRIP IN THIS

AREA...

NO TRIP FROM

HERE ON

ZONE 3 TIMING..

ZONE 2TIMING..

ZONE 1 TIMING..

ZONE 3 LIMIT

ZONE 2 LIMIT..

ZONE 1 LIMIT..

AT THIS ANGLE

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There are two folders: “General Functions” and “Advanced

Functions”. Let us consider here only the basic functions: for the

advanced ones, please refer to the software user’s manual.

After selecting “Click and test”, press “Confirm”:

The following window is displayed. If you move the mouse on the

diagram, two cursors show up; to the left, the window shows the

corresponding R,X coordinates, and Z, φ; it displays also the

corresponding fault voltages and currents vectors. You can select

the type of fault: the characteristic usually changes, and also

currents and voltages.

Move the cursors to a point inside zone 1, and click on it: the test

is started, and when the relay trips you see to the left the test

result: it is the last line after those you have opened.

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Let us have a better look at test result.

As mentioned in the foreword, it is important to verify timings;

so, move the cursor inside other zones, and click there, until all

timings are verified.

THIS IS THE FAULT

IMPEDANCE...

AND THIS IS THE

TRIP TIME: OK

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Verify that measured timings match with the programmed

ones; then, delete these preliminary tests pressing the “Delete

all tests” button. After this, you can continue with the automated

characteristic test.

Let us consider two instances: you have to repeat a test, or you

have a new characteristic to test.

2.5.2 Repeat a test

In this instance you have to open the former .MDB test result of

the relay you want to test: the following window is displayed. In

this instance, we have loaded the result of the verification of an

ABB’s REL511 distance relay.

AND THIS IS THE

TRIP TIME: OK

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The diagram shows the nominal curve (black line) and the

tolerance limits (coloured band). Yellow dots are the former test

results.

To the left, are reported all tests performed and the

corresponding results. If you want to repeat the same tests, go to

“Test selection”, select “Sequence”.

Press “Confirm”: the Test window is displayed.

SELECT

SEQUENCE...

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Move the mouse on N. 1, click it, keep it pressed, and move it

down until all tests have been selected: as you release it, the

window is now as follows.

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The dialogue window gives you a number of choices: as you want

to repeat tests, select “Repeat selected tests”: the window

becomes the following, and the test starts immediately.

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The test is executed by verifying one setting after the other,

following the test sequence table to the left. When a result is

obtained, the tested point is displayed in red. The test proceeds

on all selected points, until the last one is finished.

Note that the display shows only test results for faults selected in

the “Fault” window; so, if you have selected more types of fault,

you can access them by changing the fault selection.

If you press now “Store all tests”, you can save test results in the

location you want.

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2.5.3 Test a new relay characteristic

In this instance you have opened a distance relay characteristic,

and you want to test it: the following window is displayed. In this

instance, we have loaded the 7SA511 characteristic.

The diagram shows the nominal curve (black line) and the

tolerance limits (coloured band). Now, you have to press “Select

Network”, and proceed as explained in the “Click and test”

paragraph.

Now, come back to “Test selection”, and select “Verify R/X

characteristic: the following window is opened.

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What does it mean? It means that the test is performed as

follows:

. It verifies the zone limit settings at a given angle;

. It measures zone timings, with faults that are the average of

two zones;

. Once an angle has been tested, the test proceeds with the next

one, until all tests have been performed.

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Let us have a better look at test selections.

- Fault: you can choose which faults you want to test, single

phase, two phase, three phase, all of them. Test time grows if

you select all tests. Note that, once a test has been selected, you

can come on this window again, and select another test: it will

add to the former one. A good choice could be:

. Select the complete test of one single-phase fault, and of one

two-phase fault;

. For other zones, program the test at 0°, 80° and 90°, checking

“Test at this angle only”.

- Start angle, stop angle and step angle are self-explanatory.

Usually, default values are a good choice, unless you want a more

accurate test of corners.

- It is also possible to define a different impedance as a starting

point of the search, by setting the Offset Z and Offset phZ values:

this is useful for the Loss of field generator protection. The

following pictures give the idea.

Offset Z=

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- You can select the zone limits to be tested: last zone is the

general starter.

- 1-EXT selection refers to the test of first extended zone: if you

check it, you can choose the auxiliary output to which the over-

reach command is connected.

- Last, if you check “Perform border test”, the test will also verify

that at tolerance limits the relay behaves correctly.

This message box, if not disabled, reminds you that time settings

are the most important parameters for the automatic testing.

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In case of doubt, please follow the “Click and test” sequence of

the former paragraph.

Now, once everything has been selected, you are on the Test

window: all selected test points are displayed.

Press the START button: tests are executed one after the other,

until all tests have been performed.

To the left, the table lists test results.

The Error column tells the test result error: have a look at it, and,

in case some result is beyond the tolerance limits, you can repeat

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it by clicking the mouse on the test you wish to repeat: the

following window is opened.

As you press ”Repeat selected test”, the test is repeated, and the

new result is displayed.

When you are happy with your test results, press “Store all

tests”: you can save test results in the location you want.

2.6 VERIFY NOMINAL VALUES

This is the case when you have the settings, typically: line angle,

0°, 90°, and you want to test them. Your R-X plane is blank.

PRESS HERE TO

REPEAT THE TEST..

AND THEN

HERE

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Now, on the “Network” selection, you can program the first set of

test parameters: the former paragraph deals about it.

Next, go to “Test selection”, and select “Verify nominal values”:

the selection is the following.

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You have to arm yourself with patience, and to program the

settings. Once the first programming for one (or more) fault is

performed, click on OK: the following message is displayed.

Now you can proceed adding tests at different angles on the

same fault(s), and then changing faults and programming again

fault angle and fault values, until all your settings have been

input. Select the “Test” window: it will display like this.

Doc. MIE11170 Rev. 6.5.2 of 53

To the right, dots correspond to your settings; the table on the

left summarizes the details. Pressing Start, all selected points are

verified, in the programmed order, until all results have been

obtained. When you are happy with your test results, press

“Store all tests”: you can save test results in the location you

want.

2.7 SEARCH THE R/X CHARACTERISTIC

You want to know more about the distance relay characteristic,

but you don’t know its shape, or you don’t want to spend time

designing it. In this case, you can take advantage of the “Search

R/X characteristic” selection.

First steps are as above; then, go to the “Test selection” window,

and select “Search R/X characteristic”: the window becomes the

following.

SETTINGS TO BE TESTED

NOMINAL VALUES PRESS START FOR THE TEST

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As you see, there is no characteristic curve on the R-X diagram:

instead, there are a number of lines, that are those along which

zone limits will be looked for. Thanks to our clever search

algorithm, the test will not take too long: after first test results,

we “learn” where settings are, and next tests are much faster.

The time is a function of the tolerance you have programmed in

“Network”; so, program no less than 2%!.

You can change angles at will: the program accepts any step

angle, but the default is a reasonable compromise.

Press Start: the program will start looking for zone 1 at the first

test angle, then zone 2 and so on, until it is finished.

The following is a test result obtained on an ABB REL511. As you

can see, lines are not perfectly straight, because of minor

differences around the zone limit; however, the shape is clear,

and zone limits are correct, both forwards and backwards.

PROGRAM SEARCH ANGLES

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2.8 SOME MORE GENERAL FUNCTION SELECTIONS

The first selection we will consider is verify blinders.

Blinders are lines, at a

certain angle, which are

normally used in distance

relays to clearly separate the

forward zones from the

reverse. They are normally

used with quadrilateral

characteristics. Example of

blinders is in the graph here

on the right hand side. The

test can be performed either

with or without a nominal

characteristic.

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If the nominal

characteristic is

available, the programs

detects all blinders for

each individual zone

and type of fault. Then

they are presented in a

table where the user

must select the blinders

to be checked. For the

example above, the

table on the right is

processed.

Select the blinder

to test: just double

click on the Check

column of the one

you want to test

Unselect a

previous selection…

just double click

again

As you may see, in

order to help you

choose the right

blinder, the selection is

made according to:

Zone number

Type of fault

Blinder angle

The user must choose which digital contact is associated with the

blinder search, as different fault types may trigger different

contacts.

IF THE NOMINAL

CHARACTERISTIC IS

NOT AVAILABLE YOU

HAVE TO ENTER THE

BLINDER VALUES BY

YOURSELF.

Zone nr: Select the

Doc. MIE11170 Rev. 6.5.2 of 53

zone number (this will

establish the maximum

testing time)

Test at: Select the

Impedance value for

the test… it must be

within the above Zone

number selection.

Fault type: single

phase, phase to phase…

Blinder location: here

you select

o the relative blinder

value

o the position

O and the zone

number

Max Error: this is the maximum acceptable error in degrees

when searching for blinders.

When all selection are done, press ok to confirm and prepare the test

table.

The button Set digital Inputs opens the Digital Inputs

contact page.

The second function is the “Automatic zone test (Z / t)”. With this

selection, the window is the following.

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You better select the Z-t window: now it shows the following.

TEST VALUES

TEST VALUES

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Dots mark the fault impedances where the time response will be

tested. Pressing Start, tests are performed, and test results are

displayed, until the last result is obtained.

The last selection we wish to mention is the menu choice “Show

waveform.

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Voltages and currents waveforms that the instrument has

generated in order to reproduce the test are displayed.

The window has two cursors, that are positioned with the right

and left click of the mouse. When cursors are located on the fault,

First select here

then here

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timers on the line below show the corresponding timings. To the

right, displayed values are the voltage and current values pointed

by cursors.

You can magnify as follows:

. Press the Zoom + button;

. Locate the left cursor at the beginning of the area of interest,

and keeping the mouse button pressed;

. Drag the mouse to cover all the area to zoom

As you release the mouse button, the selected area covers all the

screen.

This is all for distance relay testing: it is a good push towards

their understanding.

isa drts 6 aplication

Documents

relay library

distance relay connection

new relay characteristic

test program

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