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है”ह”ह

IS 7941 (1976): Method for determining the water repellencyof fabrics by cone test [TXD 5: Chemical Methods of Test]

Indian Standard

METHOD FOR DETERMINING THE WATER REPELLENCY

OF FABRICS BY CONE TEST

( First Reprint JULY 1990 )

UDC 677.064:677.017.633.2

@ Copyright 1976

BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS MAN4K BHAVAN, 9BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG

NEWDELHIllOtXE

Gr 2 t May 1976

fS : 7941.1976

Indian Standard METHOD FOR

DETERMINING THE WATER REPELLENCY OF FABRICS BY CONE TEST

Chemical Methods of Test Sectional Committee, TDC 5

Chairman

DR P. C. MEHTA

Members

DR V. G. AONIHOTRI DR S. M. BETRABET

DR S. N. PANDEY (Alternate) S-1 R. K. BHATNAQAR

SHRI B. V. BHATT Ahmedabad Manufacturing and Calico Printing Co Ltd, Ahmadabad

SHRI K. G. SHAH ( Alternate ) DR ( KUMARI ) M. D. BHAVSAR

SHR~ S. K. BOSE SHRI B. B. CHAKRAVERTI

The Silk & Art Silk Mills’ Research Association, Bombay

National Test House, Calcutta Superintendence Company of India ( Private ) Ltd,

Calcutta DR N. F. DESAI SHRI K. S. DESIKAN SHRI M. D. DIXIT

DR A. S. DUTT

Sandox ( India ) Limited, Bombay Office of the Textile Commissioner. Bombay TheBogb;ay Textile Research Association,

Indian Jute Industries’ Research Association, Calcutta

Sriar S. P. K,+PUR Ministry of Defence ( DGI ) Sarrr DESH RAJ YADAV ( Alternate )

SHBI K. B. KULKARNI Textile Auxiliaries Manufacturers’ Association, Bombay

SHBI S. M. MISTBY Association of Merchants and Manufacturers of Textile Stores and Machinery, India, Bombay

DR ( SHRIMATI) G. R. PHALWJMANI Textiles Committee, Bombay SHRI R. S. PRAYA~ All India Handloom Board, Bombay

Representing

Ahmedabad Textile Industry’s Research Associa- tion, Ahmadabad

J. K. Synthetics Ltd, Kanpur Cotton Technological Research

( ICAR ), Bombay Laboratory

The Silk & Art Silk Mills’ Association Limited, Bombay

( Continued on page 2 )

@ Comihr 1976

BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS

Thir publication is protected under the Indian Copyright Act (XIV of 1957) and reproduction in whole or in part by any means except with written permission of the publisher shall be deemed to be an infringement of copyright under the said Act.

1s : 7941- 1976

( htirmed~rom page 1 )

Menhers R@WlBling

:;l?RI R. ~~.4~~~\1~RlSIlNAN ninny Limited, Madras Suur K. G. KXISILNAS~AMY ( nitertlafe)

SllllI N. S. SAlrhlYA The Bombay Textile Research Association, Bombay

SllXI b. P. SI%NaUPTA Inspection Wing, Directorate General of Supplies & Disposals, New Delhi

Snnr V. l3. HAJELA ( Alternate) St~nr ~JA~TAIL%S K. SHAU Raipur Manufacturing Co Ltd, Ahm dabad SllllI K. M. SIrAIr The Millowners’ Association, Bomba s SIlli 1~. C. St:arr Ahmedabad Textile Industry’s Research Associa-

tion, Ahmadabad SIIIU N. S. SIDIIV Directorate of Industries, Government of Punjab,

Chandigarh Snm li. S. SRINIVASAN I. C. I. (India) Private Ltd, Calcutta

SIIKI R. S. BAJEKAL (Alternote)

DJr I<. V. R. SUnItAMANTAN Ministry of Defence ( R & D ) Slim R. S. AGA~WAL ( Alternate)

S~rrlr S. S. TI~IVEDI Ahmedabad Textile Industry’s Research Associa- tion, Ahmadabad

SURIS. M. CIrAkRADOItTY, Director General, IS1 ( Ex-o$icio Member ) Director (Tex)

Secretary SHRI D. R. KOHLI

Deputy Director ( Tex ), IS1

Physiochemical Test Methods Subcommittee, TDC 5 : 15 Conuener

Sum M. D. DIXIT

Members

DR V. G. ACNIHOTBI DIRECTOX ( LABoRATOnY )

Da ( SHRIMATI) G. R. Pna~ov- MANX ( Alternate)

Snnr G. R. KULEARNI SHRI GORDHANBHAI H.PATEL SHRIS.R.SENCPJPTA

Sam S. NAQ ( Alternalc) SHRIK.M.SHAH

SHRI D.R. SHARYA

SHRI K.S. SRINIVA~AN SHRIR. S. BAJEKAL (Alternate)

The Bombay Textile Research Association, Bombay

J. K. Synthetics Ltd, Kanpur Textiles Committee, Bombay

Wool Research Association, Bombay Shri Dinesh Mills Ltd, V,adodara IndiglcI;; Industries Research Association,

The Mafatlal Fine Spg & Mfg Co, Unit No. 4, Bombay; and The Millowners’ Association,

The%~%y Spinning & Manufacturing Company Ltd, Bombay

1. C. I. ( India) Private Limited, Calcutta

SHRI A. SUBBAYANIAN Madura Coats Limited, Madurai SHRI A.CHELLARAJ (Alteraate)

SHRIL.R.SVD *Ministry of Defence ( DGI ) SHRID.K. SRIVASTAVA (Alteraare~

SHRIS.S.WARTY The Silk & Art Silk Mills’ Research Association, Bombay

2

IS : 7941- 19%

lndian Standard

METHOD FOR DETERMINING THE WATER REPELLENCY

OF FABRICS BY CONE TEST

0. FOREWORD

0.1 This Indian Standard was adopted by the Indian Standards Institution on 12 March 1976, after the draft finalized by the Chemical Methods of Test Sectional Committee had been approved by the Textile Division Council.

0.2 Water passes through water-resistant fabrics by:

a>

b)

4

penetration of water through their interstices under its own or applied pressure ( the resistance offered by fabrics to this action is influenced mainly by their construction or structure ), wetting of one side of the fabrics followed by capillary action; this brings the water to the other side and wets it ( the resistance offered by fabrics to this action is influenced mainly by their water- repellency ), and combination of (a) and (b).

0.3 A number of test methods has been developed for testing waterproofness, water repellency and water resistance of fabrics like spray test, hydro-static head test, Bundesmann test, cone test, etc. All these test methods are prevalent in industry and trade. However, the use of a particular test depends upon the type of fabric under test and its end uses. So far no correlation has been established between the results of different test methods and hence their results are not comparable. 0.4 The cone test prescribed in this standard is a fairly simple test for assessing the resistance of fabrics to wetting by water. According to this standard the water resistance offabrics is assessed on the basis of, (a) the degree of wetting of outer surface, and (b) the amount of water leakage through the fabric cone when water is kept standing for a fixed time.

0.5 In reporting the result of a test made in accordance with this standard, if the final value, observed or calculated, is to be rounded off, it shall be done in accordance with IS : 2-1960*.

*pules for rounding off numerical values ( revised ).

3

IS : 7941- 1976

1. SCOPE

1.1 ‘l’his statldnrd prcscribcs a method for determining the water repellency of I’;tlliics ( permeable as well as non-permeable to air ) by cone test.

1.1.1 This test shall be generally applicable for testing heavier types of proofed fabrics used as covers for wagons, shelters, etc, where pools of watc‘r may collect during use due to depressions formed by the uneven level of the cover.

2. PRINCIPLE

2.1 Specimen of the fabric is folded to form a cone and kept in a wire cone kept in glass funnel. A specified amount of water is poured into the cone and left to stand for a fixed time. The assessment is made on the basis of:

a) wetting of the outer exposed surface, and 1)) amount of water leaked out of the cone.

3, SAMPLING

3.1 Samples shaI1 be so drawn as to be representative of the lot. Samples drawn in compliance with the procedure laid dow’n in the material specifica- tion or as agreed to between the buyer and the seller shall be taken as

. qrescntative of the lot. i !lt!l’1’ ~1~~11 bc made.

In case of cotton fabrics, reference w IS : 5463-

2, ;“LTMOSPHERIC CONDITIONS FOR CONDITIONING AND 1’ESTSNG

(%.: Tile test specimens shal1 be conditioned in accordance with IS : 6359- 1 / :, 1 .j_ except in case of fabrics heavier than 270 g/m2 for which the :: il:i1~111nl conditioning period shall be 48 hours.

f!,:? ‘1’111> tests shall be carried out in standard atmosphere (see IS : 196- 1 rkj:).

;TL PREPARATION OF TEST SPECIMEN

?,I ‘1’:~kc :I specimen of 30 x 30 cm from the conditioned test sample and !‘~I~! it ilL the Ir,rm oTs cone without creasing the folds. Prepare at least 3 test i?KlIllC‘llS.

“a. APPARATUS

1r.1 Glass or Metal Funnel - of 60” angle and of suficient size. -..--

4

IS : 79419 1976

6.2 Wire Cone - A typical sketch of the wire cone is given in Fig. 1.

6.3 Glass’ Rod

6.4 Conical Flask - for collecting water under the glass funnel.

6.5 A Stand - for holding the cone assembly.

6.6 Measuring Flask

6.7 Water -y Distilled water maintained at a temperature of the testing atmosphere ( see 4.2 ).

SUPPORTS

FIG. 1 A TYPICAL WIRE CONE

7. PROCEDURE

7.1 Take a test specimen and prepare a fabric cone ( see 5.1 ), place it in the wire cone and in turn place them (fabric cone in wire cone ) in the

5

IS I 7941.1976

glass ( or metal ) funnel. Mount the assembly on the stand ( see Fig. 2 ). Place a conical flask below the glass funnel. Pour slowly 400 ml of water from the sides with the help of a glass rod and let it stand for 18 hours. At the end of the test period remove the water container from below and also pour out the water from the cone assembly immediately.

7.2 Determine the amount of water ( in millilitres ) collected in the container and also visually assess the area of wetting of the outer surface of the fabric cone coming into contact with the surface of the wire cone ( that is, ignoring the presence of water within the folds of the fabric cone ).

7.3 Repeat the test with the remaining test specimens.

GLASS OR METAL FUNNEL

STAND-\

CONTAINER

--.

FIG. 2 ASSEMBLY OF APPARATUS

6

1s : 1941.1976

8. CRITERIA OF ASSESSMENT

8.1 Assessment of the effectiveness of proofness of the sample shall be made on the basis of limits laid down in the material specification for:

a) amount of penetrated water collected in millilitres ( see 7.2 ), and

b) amount of wetting of outer surface ( see 7.2 ).

9. REPORT

9.1 The report shall indicate the following information:

a) Type of fabric,

b) Number of test specimens tested,

c) Assessment rating:

1) amount of penetrated water collected in millilitres; and

2) amount of wetting of outer surface.

7

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