Disclosure to Promote the Right To Information

Whereas the Parliament of India has set out to provide a practical regime of right to information for citizens to secure access to information under the control of public authorities, in order to promote transparency and accountability in the working of every public authority, and whereas the attached publication of the Bureau of Indian Standards is of particular interest to the public, particularly disadvantaged communities and those engaged in the pursuit of education and knowledge, the attached public safety standard is made available to promote the timely dissemination of this information in an accurate manner to the public.

इंटरनेट मानक

“!ान $ एक न' भारत का +नम-ण”Satyanarayan Gangaram Pitroda

“Invent a New India Using Knowledge”

“प0रा1 को छोड न' 5 तरफ”Jawaharlal Nehru

“Step Out From the Old to the New”

“जान1 का अ+धकार, जी1 का अ+धकार”Mazdoor Kisan Shakti Sangathan

“The Right to Information, The Right to Live”

“!ान एक ऐसा खजाना > जो कभी च0राया नहB जा सकता है”Bhartṛhari—Nītiśatakam

“Knowledge is such a treasure which cannot be stolen”

“Invent a New India Using Knowledge”

है”ह”ह

IS 4545-1 (2008): Methods of measurement on receivers fortelevision broadcast transmissions, Part 1: Generalconsiderations [LITD 7: Audio, Video and Multimedia Systemsand Equipment]

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MmJi TnF?TRw~Tw-FRFTaW-q--ma%iia-di

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( ~?i’w y7i99ff-Fl )

Indian Standard

METHODS OF MEASUREMENT ON

faam

RECEIVERS FOR

TELEVISION BROADCAST TRANSMISSIONS

PART 1 GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS

( Second Revision)

ICS 33.160.020

@ BIS 2008

BUREAU C9F INDIAN STANDARDSMANAK BHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG

NEW DELHI 110002

Price Group 10

Audio, Video and Multimedia Systems and Equip]nenk Sectional Committee, LITD 07

FOREWORD

This Indian Standard (Part 1) (Second Rcvisiou) was adopted by the Bureau of Indian Standards, after the draftfinalized by the Radio Communication Scctiontil Committee had been approved by the Electronics and InformationTechnology Division Council. The Division Council in its eighth meeting reconstituted the Radio CommunicationSectional Committee (LITD 20) as Audio, Video and Multimedia Systems and Equipments Sectional Committee(LITD 07).

This stmdard is largely based on IEC Publication 60107-1 (1997) ‘Methods of measurement on receivers fortelevision broadcast transmissions: Part 1 General considerations’ issued by the International ElectrotechnicalCommission.

The object of this standard is to lay down the general conditions of measurements to be used for testing of areceiver for television so as to make possible the comparison of the results of measurements. Limiting values of

the various quantities for acceptable performance are not specified in this standard but would be covered in

separate standards.

The first version of IS 4545 which was published in 1968, covered the methods of measurements for television

broadcast receivers having monochromes vision rrception. Whh the introduction of colour television receivers,

this standard was first revised in 1983 to make it applicable to receivers designed for both monochrome andcolour vision receptions and published in a number of parts to deal with different aspects of characteristics oftelevision receivers. Now, this revision is being undertaken to align the standard with the latest internationalpractices dealing with methods of measurements on television receivers as given in IEC 60107-1:1997.

The other parts in the series are as follows:

Part 2

Part 3

Part 4

Part 5

Part 6

Part 7

Part 8

Part 9

Part 11

Part 12

Tuning properties and general measurements

Geometric properties of the picture

Synchronizing quality

Sensitivity

Selectivity and response to undesired signal

Fidelity

Compatibility with audio-visual recording equipment

Electrical and acoustic measurements at audio frequency

Measurement under conditions different from broadcast signal standards

Electrical measurements on multi-channel sound television receivers using the NICAM two channeldigital sound system

For television broadcast in India, the standard system B (the 625 line standard) of the International Radio

Consultative Committee (CCIR) has been adopted. For colour transmission the PAL B system with a sub-carrierof 4.43 MHz has been adopted. The char~ctcristics of the system B of CCIR are given in IS 11453: 1985‘Characteristics of systems for monochrome and colour television’.

The methods of measurements for safety requirements for television receivers and procedures for radiationmeasurements area covered by IS 616:2003 /IEC 60065:2001 ‘Audio, video and similar electronic apparatus

— Safety requirements’ and IS 10052 (Part 2) :1999 ‘Specification for radio disturbances and immunity measuringapparatus and methods: Part 2 Methods of measurement of clisturbances and immunity (first revision)’ respectively.

For the purpose of deciding whether a particular requirement of this stand,ard is complied with, the final value,observed or calculated, expressing the result of a test or analysis, shal] be rounded off in accordance with IS 2: 1960‘Rules for rounding off numerical values (rc~i.~ed)’. The number of significant places retained in the rounded offvalue should be the same as that of the specified value in this standard

IS 4545 (Part 1) :2008

Indian Standard

METHODS OF MEASUREMENT ON RECEIVERS FORTELEVISION BROADCAST TRANSMISSIONS

PART 1 GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS

~ Second Revision)1 SCOPE

This standard (Part 1) specifies general conditions formeasuring the electrical properties as applied tobroadcast television receivers designed formonochrome and colour vision reception with

accompanying sound according to systems andstandards adopted in India.

2 REFERENCES

The following standards are necessary adjuncts to thisstandard.

IS No. Title

12552: 1999/ Sound and television broadcast recei-

CISPR vers and associated equipment immu-

20:1998 nity characteristics — Limits andmethods of measurement

9000 Basic environmental testing procedures

(Part 1) 1988 for electronic and electrical items:Part 1 Geneml

3 TERMINOLOGY

For the purpose of this standard the followingdefinitions and explanations of terms shall apply.

3.1 Signal Strength — The signal strength isconsidered to be equal to therms value of unmodulatedradio frequency signal having the same peak envelope

amplitude as that of the modulated television signal atpeak amplitude.

3.2 Voltage and Current — These imply in televisiontechnique ‘peak-to-peak’ values; this is indicated byp-p. Without such indication, voltage and cummt imply

rms values, unless otherwise specified. A fullymodulated radio frequency signal is a radio frequencysignal modulated to white level in accordance with thestandard of the television system used. By convention,the signal strength is considered to be equal to the rmsvalue of an unmodulated radio frequency signal havingthe same peak amplitude as the modulated signal hasat the peak of modulation. This corresponds to whitelevel for systems using positive modulation and

synchronizing level for systems using negativemodulation as shown in Fig. 1A and Fig. 1B.

NOTES

1 Greater modulation depths may occur with colour signals(see 3.3 and 3.4).

2 The true rms values of a modulated signal will be differentfrom this value, the magnitude of the difference depending onthe depth of modulation and its waveform. In the tests in which

it s inewave modulated carrier may be used, the factor forconversion to peak values is given in the appropriate figures.

3.3 Picture Modulation Percentage — Picturemodulation percentage is expressed on a linear scaleto indicate the picture signal level at any given instant.

Zero percent modulation corresponds to the black level,and 100 percent picture modulation corresponds to thewhite level as defined for the system used. Values below

Opercent and above 100 percent may occur with coloursignals. Intermediate values correspond to intermediatelevels of the picture signal (see Fig. 1A and Fig.lB).

3.4 Envelope Level — The envelope level is expressed

on a linear scale to indicate the level of the vision radio-frequency signal at any given instant.

100 percent envelope level corresponds to highestcarrier level for a monochrome signal, and O percentenvelope level corresponds to the zero carrier level.

With negative modulation, 100 percent envelope levelcorresponds to the radio-frequency signal level at the

tip of the synchronizing pulses. With positivemodulation 100 percent envelope level corresponds tothe radio-frequency signal level at white level (100percent picture modulation) (see Fig. 1A and Fig. 1B).This value may be exceeded for colour signals.

3.5 Luminance — Luminance (L) in a given directionis the luminous intensity per unit of projected area ofany surface as viewed from that direction.

The luminance value is expressed in candela per squaremetre ( 1 cd/m2 = 1 unit).

3.6 Brightness — This is the subjective impression ofthe luminance.

3.7 Supply Mains — This denotes any power sourcewith an operating voltage of more than 24 V that is not

used solely to supply television receivers.

3,8 Battery Operation — This denotes operation on

1

IS 4545 (Part 1) :2008

PICTURE MODULATION

%—

o

100

100

0

—

———

—

—

ENVELOPE LEVEL

1A Modulated Radio Frequency Signal, Negative Modulation

PICTURE MODULATION-.

loo———

0 ———

—.—

0 ———

loo———

%100

0

100

ENVELOPE LEVEL

——— __

.._

———

———

——_

9’0

100

0

100

1B Modulated Radio Frequency Signal, Positive Modulation

FIG. 1 PICTUREMODULATIONPERCENTAGE

2

accumulator and/or dry batterie$ irrespective of the

application of dc voltage transforming device.

3.9 Terminal Device — This denotes any device for

connecting external conductors or apparatus.

3.10 Artificial Aerial — This denotes a network which

replaces the receiving aerial and its associatedtransmission line when taking measurements.

3.11 Composite Video Signal — A composite video

signal is a signal comprising the luminance,

chrominance and the complete synchronizinginformation. It can also include digital data.

3.12 Television Signal —A television signal is a radio-frequency signal containing both vision and soundinformation in accordance with the standards of thetelevision system used.

3.13 Test Patterns — A test pattern is used for

checking the complete television system. It comprisesa combination of monochrome or monochrome andcolour signal components that offer as muchinformation as possible on the performance of the

system. Such a pattern shall include at least theItillowing items:

a)

b)

c)

d)

e)

t)

g)

Vertical and horizontal definition wedges inthe centre and in the four corners of the picturearea, calibrated in number of lines. Thewedges shall enable definition to be checkedup to the theoretical maximum of the system.The definition is always referred to thecorresponding number of fiorizontal scanninglines, the same figure indicating the samedefinition, both vertically and horizontally.The video frequency corresponding to eachnumber of lines may be calculated for the

television system used.

Patterns for linearity and colour registrationor convergence checks, consisting of a patternof cquiciistant horizontal and vertical linesand/or dots. Circles may be included tofacilitate adjustment of picture size andgeometry.

A marking to check the aspect ratio.

Marks to facilitate centering of the picture

even when the mask partly cuts the corners.

A known brightness scale of 5 to 10 brightrrcsssteps for gradation checks.

Alternate black and white blocks at thevertical edges of the picture to checksynchronizing quality. These may becombined with the linearity patterns, and theaspect ratio marking.

Special patterns, such as single vertical bars

of dilfercnt widths and suitable horizontal

h)

.1)

k)

IS 4545 (Part 1) :2008

blocks giving black-white and white-blacktransitions, for checking overshoot,reflections (ghosts) and low frequencyresponse.

Coloured areas to check decoding operation,colour transitions and luminance/

chrominance time equalization.

Areas at white level and black level to checkdrive levels, beam current limiting and inter-carrier sound.

The mean brightness of the patterns shall

correspond to a mean picture modulationpercentage of approximately 50 percent.

3.14 Field —A field is that part of the picture which isscanned in the interval between two successive verticalsynchronizing impulses.

3.15 Picture — A picture consists of two consecutive

field (see 3.14).

3.16 Chromaticity — The colour quality of a colour

st~multrs is definable by its chromaticity coordinates

or by its dominant (or complementary) wave lengthand its purity taken together.

3.17 Colour Bar Signals — Colour bar signals areelectronically generated patterns and usually consistof vertical bands of colours in order of descendingluminance, left to right.

NOTE — The following types of colrmr bar signals arerecommended 100/0/7 5/0 and 75/0/75/0.

3.18 Hanover Blind Effect — This denotes spuriousvariation in luminance level, hue or saturation in the

reproduced picture signal, line by line due to effectsassociated with the chrominance signal.

3.19 Unacceptable Performance — Performance maybe considered unacceptable when one or more of thefollowing phenomena occur:

a)

b)

c)

d)

e)

f)

g)

h)

j)k)

Loss of synchronization,

Cross-modulation of sound and picture,

Loss of resolution,

Distortion of grey scale,

Noise effects in picture or sound,

Errors of colour reproduction,

Spurious colour effects,

Spurious interlined differences,

Spurious colour killing, and

Sound distortion.

3.20 Types of Receivers — Television receivers arcusually designed to be capable of receiving broadcastand similar signals in a variety of ways. Examples are

direct off-air reception or via a cable network in the VHF/UHF bands, and from satellite broadcast in conjunction

3

F

IS 4545 (Part 1) :2008

widl an outdoor unit and a DBS tuner. The signal mayalso include digital information, such as teletext.

l:{~r non-broadcast signals, the receiver may be usedas a monitor to display prerecorded video or home

movies. The equipment providing such informationlnay modulate the signals on an RF carrier forconnection to the antenna terminal, or providebaseband signals or both.

General purpose television receivers are usually

designed for all the external signals. They may alsoinclude a DBS tuner/decoder and decoders for datainformation signals. Or, the receiver may be providedwith outlLis to permit use as a tuner.

The methods of measurements described in thisstandard take account of the various options.

3.21 Peripheral Connectors — Most receives are

provided with connectors for the interface with audioand video signals other than those at radio frequencies.

4 GENERAL CONDITIONS OF MEASUREMENTS

4.1 Introduction

A 11 measurements shall, unless specified otherwise; becarried out under the conditions specified in the relevantparts whilst the following points shall also bc takeninto consideration.

In al] measurements on a television receiver, it is:Issurncd that both the sound and the picture sectionsai-c operating, so that any in[luence one section mayhave on the other will be present during therncasurements, except where otherwise stated. For

instance. an A.G. C. circuit operated by the vision signalmay in flucncc the sound channel circuits and thereverse may be the case. One of the signals may beomitted from the composite television input signal onlywhen it has been ascertained that this does not affect

tl]c results of the measurement in question.

~~{]r.rnost measurements, it is important that thescanning circuits be properly synchronized.

4.1.1 Opcr(ltion Cotra’itions

Unless otherwise specified in the relevant clauses, thenxcivcr under test shall be brought under the standard

measuring conditions, as specified in 4.2.

4.2 Standard Measuring Conditions

Unless otherwise specified, the standard conditionsdcscribcd below shall be applied.

4.2.1 Standard lnplit Signal Level

4.2.1.1 Stairdard rf input signal level

‘lhc standard input level of an r.f. television signal at

4

the antenna terminal shall be 70dB (pV) whenterminated with a 75 Q resistor. This value correspondsto an available power of –39dB (mW).

If the receiver is equipped with a built-in antennaand without an antenna terminal, an r.f. televisionsignal shall be applied by one of the methodsspecified in 11.3. (The standard field strength whenusing the radiating antenna method of the TEMdevice method is under consideration.)

4.2.1.2 Standard baseband input signal levels

The input voltage of each video signal shall have thefollowing values at the baseband signal input terminal:

a)

b)

c)

Composite signal: 1VP-Pfor a white referencesignal including synchronizing signals.

Y/C component signals Y. 1 VP-Pfor a whitereference signal including synchronizingsignals, C: 0.66 VOP.Pfor PAL system.

R.G. B component signals: 0.7 V,., for a white

reference signal without synchronizingsignals.

The standard input voltage of the audio voltage of theaudio signal of a sound channel shall be 500 mV,,~,,, atthe audio signal input terminal at 1 kHz.

4.2.2 Standard Output Signal Level

4.2.2.1 Standard video output voltages

4.2.2.1.1 Output vo[ta,gefor a display d(mice

An output voltage for a display device shall bcmeasured at the drive ports of the device and expmsscdas the peak-to-peak voltage corresponding to thedifference between the white level and the black level,excluding synchronizing and blanking components.

The standard output voltage for a display device isdefined as the output voltage at the luminance or G

primary drive port when a reference pattern signalcontaining reference white and black levels is appliedand the contrast and brightness are adjusted to obtainthe following luminance values when ambientillumination is not present:

a) White level :80 cd/m2

b) Black level :2 cdlmz

If such luminance values cannot be obtained, the outputvoltage of the test pattern signal at the contrast andbrightness settings specified in 4.2.3.3 shall be usedand the actual luminance values at these settings shall

bc stated with the results.

The reference pattern signal shall contain a whitereference part at the centre of the pattern and have anAPL of 50 percent. The three vertical bar signal

spcci fied in 9.1.3 satisfies these requirements, bu( other

test signals can t-mused if’they meet the rcquirclncnts.

The luminance of the whi[c shall bc measured at a small

area of the ccntre with a Iuminancc meter.

NOTES

1 III the cm o{ CRT display. the drive ports arc the CRT~lcctmdes III the cxc ot’ WI LC”D display, Iloweier. they wcInpuI tcrn]ln:ds [o the driver of the LCD panels

2 Lomimmcc (~1a sc[-een is not unifnrm on the entire screenWI([It tcn(l.s 10 dccrcmc at the f’rin:c. It is not cksirablc (o usc

( I(K)/()/75/()) cx~lnur hzrrsignal for the luminance measurements.\IIICC(he white paI-l is not located at the centrc 0[ Ibc paUcrn

.3 I( I\ occcsswy to spcci(y the APL value of the test pattern,

,i]lc~>the lUIIIInOIICeot’tht white may v~trywith the APL in thetcccivc t-s.

4.z.2.1.2 (){[tllili ~,o[t(lgc.r ~lt tile husebarld ,signl{l (,i[tp{(t

/cr~~li/la/s

‘fhL’ (Iutput voitagc of each signal at the hXCIXLtld signalou(pLI( icrmlln:il, if adjustable, should bc cqu:li to the\ aluc indicated in 4.2.1.2.

4.2.2.2 Statidardaadio output signal lcveh

4.2.2.2. I Qlltpllt pov~ej-fl]r a loudspeaker

TIIc standurd output power of’ an audio channel shallbe 21p[]wcr I() (IB Iowcr than the rated output power at

I W3Z, when terminated with a resistor equal to the

ilnpcdancwofthe Loudspeaker measured at I kHz.

4.2.2.2.2 Oatput voltages at the baseband signal outpat

tcwzin~zls

“1’IIcstandard output voltage of the audio signal Of a

sound channel, if ad,iustable, should be500m Vr. m.s.a( the baseband signal output terminal rneasurcd atIkHz when terminated wifh the rated impcdancc.

4.2.3 Standard Receiver Settings

4.2.3.1 Inpat signa[ levels

‘1’hcstandard Icvels specified in 4.2.1 shali be used.

When an r.f. television signal is used, the carriers arcIn(duiated in accordance with 9.

J ? ~ 2 T///~i}~$.-. . .

\\; hcn [uning t~t the rccciver is a(l,just:]ble ;( shall twL,C[to (~b[ain the hes[ picture quality for the c~lmpo~itc

[CSI pat[crn and the audio output with mimn]um(Ii$tortlon and noise for a 1 kHz audio signal.

\k’hc:~ a rcccivcr is tuned by means of :( i“rcqucncy

\\nlhcs17.ct-. the prcfcrrecl toning method will bc !I]cl),~i]}lilaichannel [unlng.

~(~-rl. — II [1)1stunln~ method ii different inn! III;U FI\ in.III, !wst pIcIuI, quality, it should bc Indicaicxl WI(1)the result.

4.2.3..3 Collinlst(IIIdbri~lttne.rs Qfthf’ pic~i(w’

(’, ~ntras[ and hr!y. hmess controls sha!l iw SC: [f !llci~

IS 4545 (Part 1) :2008

normal positions when these arc recommended or pre-set by the manufacturer. If such positions arc not given,

the contrast and brightness shall be adjusted using thecomposite test pattern for optimum picture quality andthe settings shall bc stated with the results.

The contrast setting and the video output voltage for

the display under these conditions are defined as normal

contrast setting and normal brightness settingrespectively.

4.2.3.4 Video oatplit control

The video output control for the base band output

terminals, if provided, shall be set at the Ievcl spccifled

in lo.

4.2.3.5 Picture (quality enhancement) control or witch

The picture (quality enhancement) control m switch.If provided, shall be set at the normal quality position.

4.2.3.6 CO1OW (saturation) and hue co}urols

‘The colour (saturation) and hue controls shall set at

the normal positions. If such positions are not indicatedthcs~ controls shall be set at the best picture quality

with the colour bar signal specified in 9.1.2.4.

4.2.3.7 Synchronization control(s)

The synchronization control(s), if provided, sbal I beset at the centre within the pull-in-range.

4.2.3.8 Automatic gain control (AGC)

The automatic gain control shall be adjustcci at the

original position set by the manufacturer.

4.2.3.9 Automatic brightness control

If provided, it shall be disablecl.

4.2.3.10 Audio controls

If audio signal(s) are present, the audio controls shall

be adjusted as follows:

a)

b)

c)

Volume control of the audio channel(s) shall

bc set to obtain the standard audio outputspccilicd in 4.2.2.2;

Tone control of the audio signal(s), if

provided, shall be set to the mechanical ccn[w

or to obtain the flattest audio frequency

response at the output: and

Balance con’trol of the stereo sound, if

provided, shall be set to obtain equal outpul

for both the left and the right channels.

4.~.3.~~ Others

other user controls if provided, shall be SC[ at [hcpositions to obtain ihc best plcturc and sound. If in[crn~l!a;[iustmf;nts SLICh:1s focus, white balance, purity and

...—.— ——— .. .. .. . ..—

Pkm

IS 4545 (Part 1) :2008

convergence are necessary, these shall be set to obtainthe best picture quality.

4.2.4 Standard Viewing Conditions

Unless otherwise specified, the following conditionsshall be applied to the measurements utilizingsubjective assessment:

a) video testsignal

b) luminance ofthe picture

c) other settings

d) viewingdistance

e) illuminance ofthe test room

f) illuminance onthe screensurface due toambientillumination

g) backgroundbehind thereceiver

h) number ofobservers

j) subjectivescale

k) score

NOTES

composite pattern signal,colour bar signal or VIRsignal (to be specified ineach measurement item)white level at 80 cd/m2 andblack level at 2 cd/m2, whenmeasured with the threevertical bar signal withoutambient illuminationstandard settings specifiedin 4.2.3six times the verticalheight of the picture301x to 75 lx measured ona horizontal plane at theviewing distance, exceptfor front projection typedisplays301x to 751x when thescreen is inactive, exceptfor front projection typedisplays

wall or curtain with whiteor grey colour

more than five experts

the ITU-R five-pointimpairment scale orthreshold of visibilitymean score

1 If it is not possible to set the luminance level at the white tothose specified above, the actual value should be stated with

the results.

2 If colour saturation is changed from that at the standardsettings when the luminance is set as specified above, readjustthe colour control to obtain the best saturation.

3 The illuminance levels in the room and on the screen usedshould be stated with the results.

4 The illuminan~e levels for front projection type displaysshould be set according to the manufacturers specified.

4.2.5 General Conditions

Unless otherwise specified, the following generalconditions shall be applied:

a) before starting each measuring item, thereceiver under test is set to the standardreceiver settings specified in 4.2.3 at the ratedpower supply voltage;

b) sound carrier(s) and baseband audio signal(s)are not present unless required in the methodof measurement; and

c) baseband input video signals are in a form ofcomposite video signal or Y/C signal.

4.3 Test Room

Measurement shall be carried out in a room which isnot subject to external interference from radio-frequency and low-frequency electromagnetic fields.If interference may affect the results the measurementsshall be carried out in a screened room. .

4.4 Presentation of Results

The results of measurement shall be listed in a table orpresented graphically. However, the relationship

between two or more quantities is often more clearlyrepresented in a graph than in a table.

When the results of a point-by-point measurement foran individual sample are presented as a continuouscurve in a graph, the measured points shall be clearlyindicated. Extrapolated, theoretical or otherinformation presented, but not based on directmeasurements; shall be clearly distinguished frommeasured curves, for example, by another style of

drawing. Linear or logarithmic scales arerecommended for graphical presentation. Linear

decibel scales are equivalent to logarithmic scales.

If deviations from the recommended method areadopted these shall be clearly stated with the results.When known, the accuracy of measuring instruments

shall also be given.

5 ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS

5.1 Standard Reference Conditions

If the quantities to be measured depend on temperature

and/or air pressure and the law of dependence is known,the values are measured under the conditions given in5.3 and, if necessary, corrected by calculation to thefollowing reference values:

a) Temperature : + 20°c

b) Air pressure : 101300 Pa

NOTE c— No requirements for relative humidity aregiven here, because a correction by calculation isgenerally not possible.

5.2 Standard Reference Conditions

If the quantities to be measured depend on temperature,humidity and air pressure and the law of dependenceis unknown, the measurements maybe made, by mutual

agreement, under the following conditions:

a) Temperature : 25 * 1°C

6

b)

c)

Relative humidity : 48 to 52 percent

Air pressure : 86000 Pa to 106000 Pa

When the temperature of measurement dif’fcrs from20”C or such other temperature as may be prescribedin the relevant specification, suitable limits for the

characteristic values shall be agreed to between theuser and the manufacturer.

The test report shall give the actual values oftemperature, relative humidity and air pressure duringthe measurements.

For large equipment or test rooms, where temperature,relative humidity and air pressure limits as indicatedabove are difficult to maintain, wider tolerances arcallowed, subject to mutual agreement. The actual valuesshall be given in the test report.

5.3 Standard Testing Conditions

Measurements and mechanical tests arc normallycarried out at any existing combination of temperature,humidity and air pressure within the following limits:

a) Temperature : + I5° to +35”C

b) Relative humidity : 45 to 75 percent

c) Air pressure : 86000 Pa to 106000 Pa

In addition, for receivers intended for operation over awider temperature range, such as portable and motorvehicle receivers, the temperature range may be

extended further, covering one of the ranges specifiedin IS 9000 (Part 1).

The temperature and relative humidity shall besubstantially constant during the series ofmeasurements carried out as a part of one test on one

equipment.

Where it is impracticable to carry out measurementsunder these standard atmospheric conditions fortesting, a note to this effect, stating the actual

conditions, shall be added to the test report.

6 PRECAUTIONS DURING MEASUREMENTS

6.1 Damage to Equipment

When carrying out measurements on a receiver, all testconditions or operations which may lead to damage tothe receiver and/or its tubes, valves or semiconductordevices, shall bc avoided. This applies particularly tosensitive solid state devices such as integrated circuitsand similar constructions,

6.2 Safety Arrangements

It a protecting cover is removed and parts which arecilrcctly conncctccl to the mains (for example, thecilassis) become accessible, it is recommended, for the

7

IS 4545 (Part 1) :2008

safety of personnel performing measurements that

equipment be connected to the ac mains via a safetytransformer, [hc secondary winding of wilich isinsulated in accordance with the principle of doubleinsulation.

It shall be ascertained that the use of safety transformer

does not influence the receiver properties to be

measured. In particular, the internal itnpedancc of thesafety transformer shall be sufficiently low, for the

behaviour of the receiver to be the same as when

connected directly to the mains supply.

7 POWER SUPPLY

The following types of power supply are considered:

a) Mains — Any centralized ac or dc power

sources;

b) Batteries —Accumulators, primary batteries,

or similar sources such as solar batteries,thermo-electric cells etc; and

c) ac adaptors — Alternatives to normal dc.Voltage power sources and appropriatelyspecified for the receiver.

The type, voltage and internal resistance of powersources used during measurements shall bc either the

power source specified for the receiver or closely

simulate it. Any substitute arrangements used shall bestated with the results.

Receiver intended for use on more than one type of

power supply should be measured with each type ofpower supply.

NOTE — tn this respect ac mains and dc mains are considered

differeot types of power supply,

Measurements of the receiver characteristics shaii becarried out at the rated voltage of the power sLIpply.

The fluctuation of the power supply voltage during the

(cst shall not exceed f 2 percent. When ac mains are

used, the frequency fluctuation and harmontc

components of the power supply shall not cxcccd* 2 percent and 5 percent respectively.

To (ictcrmine the influence of variations in the supplyvoltages on the receiver characteristics, supplementary

measurements may be needed at over voitages and

under voltages, this being chosen appropriately withdue regarci to manufacturer’s specification.

8 STABILIZATION PERIOD

In order to ensure that when measurements begin, the

receiver characteristics are not changing significantly

with time, the receiver shall be operated under standard

measuring conditions for a sufficient period to permit

the characteristics to stabilize.

IS 4545 (Part 1) :2008

9 TEST SIGNALS

9.1 Video Test Signals

Video test signals shall be electronically generated.

Waveforms of test signals and test patterns shown in

this clause are example, other su-yals with similarcharacteristics may be used.

The amplitude of a picture component is measuredfrom the blanking level and expressed as a percentageto the amplitude of the reference white level.Synchronizing tips correspond to -43 percent for PALsystem.

All the composite signals which are used to judgecolour or background colour shall be provided withthe colour burst for the relevant system.

The white reference level can be obtained fromcomposite test patterns ( 100/0/7S/0) colour bar, split-

field colour bar, three vertical bar and staircase signals,which are defined in this clause.

Test signals for measuring general properties ofpictures include patterns for testing wide screendisplays with 16:9 aspect ratio.

NOTES

1 The insertion test (ITS) signals defined try therecommendaticrn ITL1-R BT.473-5 can be app!icd for testingthe luminance and chromimmce chanrmls.

2 In order to avoid excessive overshoots of the sign:!] W:I!cl’crnnwhich may occur in the television tes[ mudulwm’ :Ind thereceiver under test, high-frequency components of IIIC signalheyrrnd 6 MHz should be attenuated by a sult:]l~;e low-pus

f’i}tcr.

9.1.1 Composite Test Pattern Si:nai

A composite test pattern signal comprises a

combination of monochrome and colour signalcomponents that offer as much information as pf)ssiblcon the performance of the television systt!n}. Such :1pattern should include at least the following items:

a,l

b)

c)

d)

c)

Circles, and equidistant horizontal tindvertical lines for linearity and colour

convergence checks;

A known brightness scale of brightness stepsfrom five to ten for gradation checks:

Vertical and horizontal detluilion wedges inthe centre and in the four corners of the picturearea;

Vertical bars of different widthi or a wecigc

and horizontal blocks giving black-wbitc ilndwhite-black transitions [or cbcc~ki~]govershoot, reflections, and Iow-frequcucy

response;

Areas ~t the reference white level

level to check the maximum and

brightness of the picture; md

f) Coloured areas to check decoding operation,colour transitions and luminancechrominance time equalization.

An average picture level (APL) of the pattern signalshould be approximately 50 percent.

9.1.2 Colour Bar Signal

A colourbar signal consists of vertical bands of coloursin order of descending luminance, left to right. Thecolour bar signal for PAL shall be a full-field typecolour bar signal consisting of (100/0/75/0) bars.

The primary colour signal of the bars are shown inFig. 2. The same bar arrangements can be used forwide aspect ratio pictures.

The composite colour signal of the bars shall complywith the television standard used,

Waveforms of the composite colour signals for PALsystem is shown in Fig. 3.

9.1.3 Three Vertical Bar Signal

The three vertical bar signal produces three equidistantvertical white bars on a black background. The widthof each bar is 1/6 times the nominal horizontal width(W) of the picture. A line-time waveform of the signalis shown in Fig. 4. This signal has an APL of 50 percentand includes the reference white level. It is suitablefor setting the output signal level and the luminancelevel of white.

9.1.4 White and Black Cross-Hatch Pattern Signals

The white cross-hatch pattern signal produces a whitecross-hatch on a black background and the black cross-hatch pattern signal produces a black cross-hatch on awhite background.

The white cross-hatch pattern is used to measureconvergence errors or registration errors of displaysand the black cross-hatch pattern is used as a scale forlocating a point on the screen and other purposes.

The cross-hatch pattern consists of equidistanthorizontal and vertical lines which form rectangular

windows. Numbers of the lines are 13 and 17 for thestandard aspect ratio of 4 : 3, and 13 and 21 for thewide aspect ratio of 16:9, as shown in Fig. 5.

9.1.5 Flat Level, Full White, Fu1l Grey and Full Black

Signals

The flat level signal is a full-field flat amplitude signal,

as shown in Fig. 6. The picture

amplitude is continuously variable from O percent to100 percent.

The fuil white, full grey and fuil black signal are flat

level signals whose amplitudes are set at 100 percent,

50 percent and O percent respectively.

IS 4545 (Part 1) :2008

v

1,34

0,30

0

“/. Red signal Green signal

‘!ju j-lMR;&W Y C G M R B BK ‘“””’”-’-

“/0(100/0/75/0) colour bars

‘jmK JjjjjMR:B;B.

Blue signal

WY EG-6RE-BK

7 -

—

WYk GM‘R E-BK

(75/0/75/0) colour bars

(77/7,5/77i7,5)colour bars

“A

1

3jIn_In__EnL__._nnn_rl-WY CGMRBBK WY CGMRBBK fiY6Gfi R6-8K

(30/0/30/0) colour bars

W: White, Y Cyan, G: Green, M Magenta R: Red, Bk: Blue

FIG. 2 PRIMARYCOIJNJR 13ARSIGNALS

FIG. 3 PAL COLOUR BAR SIGNAL(100/0/75/0)

a=l

-----Ja/2k---4--- a-L.- a--A-a-..L a--Ja/2

Bar pattern

%

Signal waveform

FIG. 4 THREEVERTICALBAR SIGNAL

9

IS 4545 (Part 1) :2008

5A Pattern for 4:3 aspect ratio

5B Pattern for 16:9 aspect ratio

FIG. 5 CROSS-HATCHSIGNALS

These signals are used to measure luminance and othercharacteristics of displays.

—.— .—. — .—. — .—–t

I Ii

II Variable

0 “1.-100 “A

FIG. 6 FLATLEVEL SIGNAL

9.1.6 White Window Signal and Wide White Wi/7dow

Signal

The white window signal produces a white rectmgular

window on the black background, as shown in Fig. 7.

The width of the window is 1/6 times the active picture

height (H,). The signal amplitude of the window isvariable from 10 percent to 100 percent.

This signal is used to measure luminance of displ~ys.

The wide white window signal produces a white

rectangular window with a width of 1/2 times the

nominal picture height and its amplitude is variable

from 10 percent to 100 percent. This signal is not

required, if the PLUGE signal is available.

The same windows can be applied for the test of wide

screen displays, although the aspect ratio of thebackground has to be changed.

—

—

. — -— —.I

WF1/8H

1/0H

WhJowpattern

------- forwi*wirdr7

,----

..-.-

—

.-

.---,4

, Tloo%

Variable

10

‘1-100%

,-. --,

mlSignal waveform

FIG. 7 WHITE WINDOWSIGNAL

9.1.7 Black and White Window Signal

L 10%— o

The black and white window signal produces a whiterectangular window and four black rectangularwindows on the 40 percent grey background, as shown

in Fig. 8.

The size of the windows is the same as that of the whitewindow signal.

This signal is used to measure contrast of displays.

The same windows can be applied for the test of widescreen displays, although the aspect ratio of thebackground has to be changed.

9.1.8 Line and Window Signal

The line and window signal consists of three verticalwhite lines placed at the centre and both sides of thepicture and a window placed at the upper central part,as shown in Fig. 9. The background is set at the blacklevel.

This signal is used to measure local picture cMtortiondue to variation of the CRT beam current.

This pattern can be applied for the test of wide screendisplays, although the aspect ratio of the pattern has to

be changed.

10

~a~b;+a-;b~al a=l/6F/b=l/12fi

Window pattern“/0

n —100

II

ufti---’li-:i’:Signal waveform

FIG. 8 BLACK AND WHITE WINDOW SIGNAL

klaw--i r-’wa

FIG. 9 LINE AND WINDOW SIGNAL

9.1.9 Two-Step Signal

A line-time waveform of the signal is shown in Fig. 10.

%1 1 — 100

“I-F— 50

.:,.. 0

,:

FIG. 10 TWO-STEP SIGNAL

IS 4545 (Part 1) :2008

This signal is used to measure gain- and noise-limitedsensitivity.

9.1.10 Composite Sine-Wave Signal

The composite sine-wave signal consists of a vanable-frequency sine-wave component superimposed on agrey signal with a peak-to-peak amplitude of 40percent, as shown in Fig. 11. The frequency of the sine-wave is variable from 100 kHz to 6 MHz and lockedto the harmonics of the line frequency.

This signal is mainly used to measure amplitude-frequency response of the luminance channel andcross-colour measurements. In the measurements ofthe luminance channel at a frequency range of coloursub-carrier, the colour burst shall be switched off.

The amplitude of the sine-wave component is changed

to 100 percent for the measurement of horizontalresolution.

I40 — 50%

FIG. 11 COMPOSITE SINE-WAVE SIGNAL

9.1.11 Multiburst Signal

The multiburst signal comprises six bursts of discretefrequencies from 500 kHz to the limit of the systemfor which the receiver is intended. The signal startswith a four step reference with the values O percent,

25 percent, 50 percent and 75 percent. The frequencybursts having a peak-to-peak value of 50 percent aresuperimposed on a 50 percent luminance level. Thecolour bursts are not present. The signal waveform isshown in Fig. 12.

This signal is used to measure amplitude-frequencyresponse of the luminance channel.

NOTE — Duration of the burst should be sufficiently Iong tocontain at least four cycles.

9.1.12 Multipulse Signal

The multipulse signal is built up of modulated 20 T

sine-squared pulses with high-frequency components

at various frequencies in the pass band of the televisionsystem for which the receiver is designed, where T isthe same definition as that for the 2 T pulse and barsignal. The colour bursts are not present.

The accuracy of the measurement at the lowest

frequency can be improved, if a 40 T pulse is used

11

IS 4545 (Part 1) :2008

525 systems + system N: 0,5 1,25 2,0 3,0 3,58 4,2 MHz

625 systems except(4) (8) (lo) (14) (16) (18)

system N: 0,5 1,8 2,8 3,8 4,8 5,8 MHz

(4) (12) (14) (18) (21) (25)100 —

n

r( ): minimum number of cycles

FIG. 12 MULTIBURSTSIGNAL

1,0 2,0 3,0 3,58 4,0 MHz525 systems+ system N: 2T 40T 20T 20T 20T 20T

625 syslems exwpt1,0 2,8 3,8 4,8 5,8 MHz

system N: 2T 40T 20T 20T 20T 20T

FIG. 13 MULTIPULSE SIGNAL

instead of the 20 T pulse. The same nomograph, as

shown in figures 32 and 33 can be applied. However,the values stated in the nomograph must be multiplied

by a factor 2.

The signal waveform is shown in Fig. 13.

This signal is used to measure group delay responseof the luminance channel.

9.1.132 T Pulse and Bar Signal

The pulse and bar signal is composed of a sine-squaredpulse and a sine-squared bar. The pulse width at thehalf amplitude and the rise time of the bar are equal to2 T (T = 0.100 ps for the 625-line system excluding

system N).

Duration of the bar is 5/32 H for the 625-line systemmeasured at its half amplitude (H: duration of a line).

A line-time waveform of the signal is shown in Fig. 14.

This signal is used to measure linear waveformresponse of the luminance channel.

Y.. 100

FIG. 142 T PULSE AND BAR SIGNAL

9.1.14 Horizontal Bar Signal

The horizontal bar signal produces a horizontal white

bar, whose width is equal to one-half of the nominal

12

. . . . . . . .. . . _.... . ,. .

II

pic(ure height on the black background, as shown in

Fig. 15.

%— 100

0

L—. “a ~

APL =50 %

V,: active field period

FIG. 15 HORIZONTAL BAR SIGNAI.

This signal is used to measure low-frequency square-wave rcsponw of the luminance channel.

9.1.15 Stuirca.w Signal andAPL- Variable Staircase Signal

Gcrmrally a staircase with five-riser is used as the testsignal.

A Iinc-time waveform of the five-riser signal is shownin Fig. 16A.

The APL-variable staircase signal is composed of theslaircase signal of one line and flat level signals of four

lines. The average picture level of the total signal canbc adjusted in a range of 10 percent to 90 percent by

IS 4545 (Part 1) :2008

varying the amplitude of the flat level signals fromO percent to 100 percent. A waveform of the signal isshown in Fig. 16B.

This signal is used to measure line-time non-linearity

of the luminance channel and of the display.

9.1.16 PLUGE Signal

The signal arranges three narrow black vertical stripes

on the left-hand side and a four-riser grey scale bar onthe right-hand side on the black background, as shown

in Fig. 17. The levels of the left and right stripes arcset at 2 percent below and 2 percent above the

background level respectively. The level of the centrestripe is equal to the background level.

This signal is used to measure black level stability of

the luminance channel and of the display.

9.1.17 White PLUGE Signal

The Icft-hand side of the picture is the same as the

PLUGE signal, the right-hand side consists of 100

percent peak white, as shown in Fig. 18.

The APL of the total picture is about 50 percent.

This signal is used to measure black level stability of

the luminance channel and of the display.

9.1.18 Colour Staircase Signal and APL-Variable

Colour Staircase Signal

The colour staircase signal is a staircase signal on which

the colour sub-carrier is superimposed at an amplitudeequal to that of the colour burst, as shown in Fig. 19.

%— 100

16A Five-Riser Staircase Singal

“/.

~-.----.-., ,...-.--.1~....----~,-.---.-..,— 100

16B APL-Variable Staircase Signal

FiG. 16 STAIRCASE SIGNAL

13

1S 4545 (Part 1) :2008

PLUGE pattern 525625line line

% %

n

— 100100

------- — 66 63

‘2%1 l------- — 40 35

t

-------— 21 15

— 00

.2%

Signalwdveform

FIG. 17 PLUGE SIGNAL

“I”hcAPL-variable colour staircase signal is a colourstaircase signal with APL variable function.

This signal is used to measure differential gain (DG)

and differential phase (DP) of the composite signal at

(IICbaseband output terminal.

9.1.19 Sine- Wuve Modulated Chrotninance Signal

The sine-wave modulated chrominance signal is a sine-

wave rnodulatcd subcarrier superimposed on a grey

Icvel, as shown in Fig. 20. The frequency of the sine-wave is variable from 20 kHz to 2 MHz.

Fol- the NTSC and PAL systems, the colour is

changeable to R-Y, B-Y and G-Y,

This signal is uscci to measure amplitude-frequency

response of the chrominance channel.

9.1.20 Modulated 20T Pulse and Bar Signals

The modulated 20 T pulse and bar signal type A is a

chrominance signal modulated with a 20 Tpulse and a20 T bar superimposed on a black background and dlemodulated 20 Tpulse and bar signal type B consists ofa 20 T pulse, a 20 T bar and a 50 percent Y signal,where T has the same definition as that for the 2 T

pulse and bar signal. The width of the bar is the sameas that defined for the 2 T pulse and bar signal. Toavoid over ranging in the decoder, the sub-carrier inthe signal B shall represent the green or magenta.

Line-time waveforms of the signals are shown inFig. 21 Aand Fig. 21B.

Signal A is used to measure group delay of a compositesignal at the sub-carrier frequency while signal B isused to measure linear waveform response of thecbrominance channel.

9.1.21 Y/C Timing Test Signal

This signal consists of three equal height horizontalbars, as shown in Fig. 22A.

14

IS 4545 (Part 1) :2008

WhNe PLUGE pattern

Signal waveform

FIG. 18 WHITE PLUGE SIGNAL

u

19A Colour Staircase Signal

%—110

— 90

— 70

%........... , --------- .......... . .......... —too

:: !: ::

t

% 199 APL-Variable Staircase Signal

— 100 Fm. 19 COLOUR STAIRCASE SKiNAL

FIG. 20 SINE-WAVE MODULATED CHROMINANCE

SIGNAL

%— 100

21A

u21B

u

FIG. 2 I MODULATED 20 T PULSE AND BAR SIGNAIS

15

1S 4545 (Part 1) :2008

The upper and lower bars of the pattern consist ofcolour difference signals corresponding to green and

magenta on 50 percent constant luminance level. Thewid[h of the coloured bars is equal to those of the colour

bar signal.

The centre bar consists of seven 2 Tpulses on a blackbackground level, as shown in Fig. 22B. The middlepulse coincides with the centre colour transient (O ns).The iirst and the last pulses coincide respectively with –300”ns and +300 ns, the second and the sixth ones with –200 ns and +200 ns, and the third and the fifth ones with

-100 ns and +100 ns.

Magenta

Black-bar

with 2T

pulses or

200 ns

quare pulse

Green

The amplitude of the colour difference signals is equalto a value of *4O percent for PAL systems,

This signal is used to measure luminance/chrominancedelay inequality of decoded colour signals.

9.1.22 Staircase-Modulated Chrominance Signal

The staircase-modulated chrominance signal is astaircase-modulated subcarrier superimposed on a flatlevel signal. The staircase has five-riser and the colouris changeable to each colour of the colour bars. The

amplitude of the flat level signal and the maximumamplitude of the subcarrier are equal to the luminance

IY level = 50 Y.

Colour difference level= 0.4 (0.19 for SECAM)

Green

?T pulse at

;T-300 ns

Magenta

Magenra

-200 ns

Green

Green

-100 ns

Magenta

Magenta

Ons

Green

Green

—.

+100 ns

Magenta

22A Y/C Timing Test Pattern

CT (colour transients)

r’ /

Magenta

+200 ns

Green

Green

+300 ns

Magenta

Fi(i.

22B Signal Waveform

22 Y/C TLMING TEST SIGNAL

16

l!!IS 4545 (Part 1) :2008

and chrominance components of the CO1OUIbar at75 percent saturation. A line-time waveform of thesignal is shown in Fig. 23.

This signal is used to measure line-time non-1 inetirityof the chrominance channel for NTSC and PALreceivers.

FIG. 23 STAJRCAS~-MOJXJLATE~CtJRohIlm~c’1 Sl~NAL

9.1.23 Modulated Pedestal Signal

This signal consists of three moduklteci chromi nancepackets of different amplitude cm a luminanct Icvcl Of

50 percent, as shown in Fig. 24. The peak-to-peak value

of the packets are 20 percent, 40 percent and 8{}percent

of the peak white value. To avoid overload ol R, ~J or

B values in the colour encoder or decoder, the phwc

shall be in accordance with the magenta (60”, 68”).

FIG. 24 MO~ULATE.DPFEr~STALS[GWiL

This signal is used to test chrominance to Iuminanccintermodulation of PAL receivers.

9.1.24 Single CoioLLr 13ur Signal

The single colour bar signal produces a single \crticalcolour bar on the grey background. The wid[h of [he

bar is set to about one-half of the active line sc:.n Ipcriod.The colour is set to 13-Y or B,

The phase and amplitude of the colour burst is v:~riableand the subcarricr frequency is also variab [c within*1 000 Hz of the nominal subcwrier f’requetlcy.

A line-time waveform of’the signal is shown i:] I;lg. 25.

ang lcs of the chrominance signal and stability of coloursynchronization in the NTSC and PAL decoders.

Flu. 25 SINGLE COLOUR BAR S[G~AL

9.1.25 Faur-Line Colour Difference Signal

The four-line colour difference signal comprises colour

difference signals of four lines superimposed on the

50 percent grey level. The picture is divided intoclusters of 16 lines consisting of four colour difference,and 12 non-colour lines, as shown in Fig. 26.

This signal is used to measure errors of the

demodulation angles of chrominance signals for thePAL system.

9.1..26 Checkered Pattern Signal

The checkered pattern comprises checkered patterns

on the left and right sides and a vertical line in themiddle, as shown in Fig. 27. The background of the

pattern is set at a 25 percent grey level. The checker

consists of black and white square blocks with a widthof one-ninth the picture height.

This pattern is used to test the pulling on whites.

9.2 Audio Test Signals

a) 1 kHz sine-wave signal.

b) Frequency variable sine-wave signal.

Sine-wave signal in a frequency range of 50 Hz to

15 kHz.

10 RADIO FREQUENCY (R. F.) TELEVISION

SIGNAL

A television channel transmits a vision carrier and oneor two sound carriers. In this standard, this group of

the carriers is designated as radio frequency (r. f.)

television signal.

10.1 Carrier Levels

The level of a radio [~equency television signal shall

be cxpressc d by the level of the modulated vision~llrrier In the signal.

Tht: level of a vision carrier shall be expressed as ther m.?,. value for the peak amplitude during the

..

l!!!IS 4545 (Part 1) :2008

R-Y phase (on 50% Y level) /

B y phase(m 50 % Y be{) ~

26A Pattern

—————...——————____ —_ ————____ ———.————————____ ——————————____ —_ ————_—— —____ --—— -- -———————————————. —____ —_ ————————.

-— ————_—— —————————.——_—— —————..---— —_—— ——____ ————————————————————— .——_____— _ ——————_—————— ————__ ———_— ————

____, —_ ————_—— —————..———.—————————_—— ————————__————————————————=== === === =

26B Detail fo Pattern

4 lines colour signal

12 Iincs neutral

all Imes 50 O/.Y level

synchronization pulses for negative modulation, and

the r.m.s. value at the peak of a white refgence signalfor positive modulation.

Some of the measurements described in this standardrequire presence of modulated or unmodulated soundcarrier(s) together with a vision carrier. In such cases, thesound carrier(s) shall be present at the power ratio(s) ofthe sound carrier(s) to the vision carrier defined by thetelevision standard for which the receiver under test isdesigned. The level of a sound carrier shall be expressedas the r.m.s, value when modulation is not present.

10.2 Reference Modulation

Definition of modulation percentage of a vision carriershall be in accordance with the television standard forwhich the receiver under test is designed.

Reference modulation percentage of a vision carriershall be 100 percent when modulated with a white

reference signal, as shown in Fig. 28.

If the television system provides multi-channel sound,the modulation shall be present in all the channels.

The following modulation levels shall be used as areference for sound carrier(s):

10.2.1 Monophonic Channel

7 M-’ vJ-

Field

26C Signal Waveform

Fm. 26 FOUR-LINE COLOURDTFFEiR~NCRSIGNAL

FIG. 27 CHECKERED PATTERN SIGNAL

Both the left and right channels are modulated with asingle sine-wave signal with the same polarity al thesame level.

NICAM system: Full-scale minus 20 dB at 1 kHz

10.3 Test Channels

Unless otherwise specified, tests shall be made onrepresentative channels selected according to thefollowing criteria:

a) Band I (VHF): Two channels, one at each edgeof the band;

b) Band 111 (VHF): Two channels, one at eachedge of the band;

c) Band IV (UHF): Two channels, one at the

lower edge and one in the middle;

d) Band V (UHF): Three channels, two at theedges and one in the middle;

c) Each band for cable television systems (VHF

and UHF): Two channels at the edges of eachband and one in the middle.

For items whose characteristics are not affected by the

frequency band, any one channel selected from theVHF and UHF bands can be used as typical channel.

18

IS 4545 (Part 1) :2008

Picture Envelope

modulation level

%%

o

100

100

0

100

0

100Negative modulation

Picture Envelope

modulation level

% %

100

0

0

100

100

0

100

Positive modulation

FIG. 28 MODUI,ATEDRAD1O FREOUENCYSIGNALS

11 RADIO FREQUENCY INPUT SIGNALS

11.1 Radio Frequency Input Signal Level

‘Ile radio frequency input level of the receiver shallbe expressed as a terminal voltage. The terminal voltageis the voltage across the terminal of a generator when

[crminated with its specified terminal impedance.

In this standard, it is assumed that the input impedance

of receivers is 75 Q. If matching, balancing or

combining networks are used, the terminal voltage is

the voltage across the 75 Q termination resistor of thesenetworks.

For the receivers with input circuits for specified sourceimpedance of 75 S2, the input signal level shall beexpressed in dB(pV) over 75 Q. In the case of an r.f.

television signal, the level shall be represented by thelevel of the vision carrier as defined in 9.

To facilitate the direct comparison of receivers forwhich different source impedances are specified, it isuseful to compare the input signal levels in terms ofthe power-equivalent terminal voltage at the outputterminals of the generator including the correspondingmatching, balancing or combining networks.

For receivers with input circuits specified for source

impedance other than 75 Q, the power-equivalentterminaI voltage E’ is the input voltage to the receiverdelivering the same available power to the speciliedterminal: on resistor as E in the case of 75 Q.

E for Rf2 can be calculated using the followingf’ormula:

19

IS 4545 (Part 1) :2008

E= E+- 10 log,0(R/75)

where

E’ = s]gnal level across the reslstancx 2 W, III

dB(mV):

,y = si~nal level across 75 W, in dB(mV); and

R = impedance, in ohms.

Table 1 gives recommended values for the terminalvoltage.

[~or the receivers with built-in antennas, the input signalshall be expressed in terms of field strength, in dB(pV/m).

For tests requiring the application of very low inputsignal levels, care shall he taken that interfering signalsentering the receivers, in any spurious way, do notinfluence the results of the measurements.

11.2 Radio Frequency Input Arrdngemenls

11.2.1 Matching Network

The specified source impedance R, for which thereceiver is designed, is not to be confused with actualinput impedance of the receiver, as measurable at the

antenna input terminals.

A receiver with an unbalanced or a balanced inputcircuit for a specified source impedance shall bemeasured with a signal source having respectively anunbalanced or a balanced output, whose internalimpedance Ri is matched to the specified sourceimpedance R,.

If the specified source impedance R, and the internalimpedance of the signal source Ri are unequal, asuitable matching network shall be inserted betweenthe signal source and the receiver.

Radiating

Care shall be taken that connecting cables in therelevant parts of the c]rcuit have characteristicImpedance R, or Ri , as appropriate.

If :i balanced signal source is not available whenneeded, a suitable balancing network shall be used. Itsinfluence on the signal shall be taken into account bycalibrating the circuit fitted with the appropriatetermination resistance before measurements.

11.2.2 Combining Networks

For the application of two or multi-signal measuringmethods, suitable combining networks (combiners)shall be applied when coupling various signal sources.

A combining network maybe followed by a balancingandfor a matching network according to its application.

The influence of the total network on the signal shallbe taken into account by calibrating the circuit fittedwith the appropriate terminal resistances.

11.3 Radio Frequency Input to Built-i~Antennas

If the receiver under test has a built-in antenna butno antenna terminal, one of the methods described in10.3.1 to 10.3.3 shall be used.

11.3.1 Radiating Antenna Method

The radiating antenna method defined in CISPR 13shall be used except for the setting of the receivingantenna.

This method should preferably be used in anelectromagnetic anechoic chamber in order to avoidinterference due to ambient fields. Arrangement of thetest equipment is shown in Fig. 29.

The height of the radiating antenna and direction of

/

,Receiver

-r

h (adjustable)❑

A

3m——

1

> Im

I RF televi~iOn

!

signal scurce

v v——

1%~. 29 MEASURING SET-(IP FOI< llA~tAww ANTENNA METHOD

20

‘l

the built-in antenna shall be adjusted to obtain the bestpicture and the sound without noise and distortion. Ifboth conditions cannot be met, the condition for thebest picture shall be adopted.

It is preferable to operate the receiver by a battery, if itis designed for battery operation.

If this method cannot be used, the following subclauses

provide means to apply r.f. input signal to the receiver

under test in a less defined way or a limited frequency

range.

11.3.2 TEM (Strip Line) Device Method

The TEM device defined in IS 12552 shall be used.

Arrangement of the equipment is shown in Fig. 30.

11.3.3 Coaxial Cable Method

If accurate input signal levels or precise video-

f’requency characteristics are not required, an r.f. signal

can be fed by a coaxial cable, connected directly to

the bottom part of a monopole antenna, and through a

balun for a dipole antenna.

In this method, the receiver shall be placed on a metallicplate larger than the area of the bottom of the receiver,,

anti the inner conductor of the cable shall be connected

to the antenna at the shortest length and the outer sheathof the cable shall also be connected to the plate.

12 MEASURING SYSTEM AND TESTINSTRUMENTS

12.1 Measuring System

A functional block diagram for the measuring systemis shown in Fig. 31.

The r.f’, interfering signal source is only required formeasuring the maximum usable multiple r.f. input signallevel and selectivity and immunity to undesired signals.

IS 4545 (Part

12.2 Baseband Test Signal Generators

12.2.1 Video Test Signal Generator

) :2008

The video test signal generator shall be capable ofgenerating the test signals specified in 3.2.1 in the formof composite video signals of the system for which thereceiver under test is designed. An output level of 1Vp-p across 75 Q is required. In some measurements,the Y/C component signals or the R, G, B signals mayalso be required.

A video test signal generator with variablesynchronizing frequency function is required formeasuring synchronizing frequency ranges ofreceivers.

12.2.2 Audio Test Signal Generator

The audio test signal generator shall be capable ofgenerating the test signals specified in 8,2, An outputIevel of 0.5 V r.m.s across 47 kfl is required.

For testing the receivers with multi-channel sound, two

or more signal outputs are required.

12.2.3 Teletext Test Signal Generator

The teletext test signal generator shall be capable ofgenerating the test signals, and inserting them into thefield blanking intervals of a video test signal at thelevel and intervals specified in the teletext standard forwhich the receiver under test is designed.

12.3 Television Test Modulator

The television test modulator shall be capable ofmodulating vision and sound carriers, and shall becapable of generating r.f. television signals specifiedin 9 at an output level of more than 110 dB(pV). Forthe multi-channel sound system, the sound encoder isrequired for modulation of the sound carrier(s). Theoutput channels required are specified in 9.3.

TEM device

q--x--?FIG. 30 MEASURINGSET-UPFOR TEM DEVICE METHOD

21

l!!!!!!.,IS 4545 (Part 1) :2008

Table 1 Recommended Values for TerminalVoltage

Input Signal Level in Terms of Input Signal Level inTerminal Voltage Across 75 Q Terms of Terminal

Voltage Across 300 Q

Recommended Values

Prefemed values Intemlediate values Power equivalentdB(pV) dB(~V) terminal voltage

dB(~V)

’21

1526

2031

2536

3041

3546

4051

4s56

5061

5566

6071

6576

7081

7586

8091

8596

90101

95106

100Ill

105116

110121

115126

Additional video test signal generator(s) andmodulator(s) are required for testing the maximum

usable multiple r.f. input signal level and the immunityto undesired signals.

Special care shall be taken for the sideband filtering

characteristics of the modulated vision carrier andspurious frequency components outside the channelwhen testing the selectivity and immunity to undesiredsignals. In addition to this, the group delay

characteristics shall be pre-corrected for the receivergroup delay characteristic.

Since most of the tests require the absence of the soundcarrier(s), these shall be easily switched off.

For measuring the AFC characteristics of the localoscillator, a test signal generator with variable visioncarrier frequency is required, although it does not needmodulation characteristics as tight as those for othermeasurements. The carrier frequency should bevariable within &200 kHz of the nominal vision carrierfrequencies.

12.4 R.F. Signal Generator

For testing the selectivity and response to undesiredsignals, one or two conventional AM signal generators,with a frequency range of 26 MHz to 1 GHz and withthe maximum output level of more than 110 dB(~V),are required. They are also used as C.W. signal

generators.

12.5 Spectrum Analyzer

The spectrum analyzer is used to measure the spectrumand levels of r,f, signals and video frequencycomponents. If a digital frequency counting functionis provided, it is also used for measuring the localoscillator frequencies. If not, a tuned r.f. amplifier anda frequency counter are required for measuring thelocal oscillator frequencies.

12.6 Video Noise Meter

The video noise meter shall be capable of measuring

the r.m.s. level of random noise on the video signal. Itshall have an unblanked video signal output in whichthe synchronizing signal components are eliminated.

It is necessary to use a low capacitance probe whenmeasuring the signal and noise at the CRT electrodes.

12.7 Oscilloscope

A conventional oscilloscope covering the videofrequency range can be used. It is, however, necessary

to prepare a low capacitance probe when measuringthe characteristics of the luminance and chrominance

channels at the CRT electrodes.

The oscilloscope is also used as an X-Y oscilloscopewith d.c. coupling.

12.8 Vectorscope

The vectorscope is used for testing the characteristicsof the chrominance channel and also for measuringdifferential gain (DG) and differential phase (DP) ofcomposite signals at the baseband output.

12.9 Audio Level/Dktortion Meter

A conventional audio measuring equipment can be

used.

22

———P m-.

RF television signal source

AM/CW signal generators—7 Television receiver under test

r—-—–– —–-— ‘— —— —---— 1

L—_______ ___—_— ——.--–’1

RF interference signal sourceI

[1 ~ l-”~inan~~ ~

meter and ~Icalorimeter I

————

— — — — —7

I r D~ ‘~.,cN———

Teletext ~ ‘so— ‘– - 1

.

test signal ~+ test signalflerator ] ~flretor

I—

I

1

I

I

I

I

I

Display

Telewoni~~j,

test 1 ‘ J

modulator ii RF output

-I

II

I

I

I

Tunerfi and

signal processing

i-

1,——

I

~ Cathetometer ~

I or camera iI ~.- ——

AudioItest signal

~ generatorL—-—

III I

II

_—— _ —.. . . . . .

I

. ..—7“’1 iBaseband

input Baseband

terminals output

terminals

I

.——— —.— — .— — —-

Baseband output—. — .,

RF television signal source —.—i’

, Loud-speaker

1’.———

wd

—l——— .—,—Video ‘

,___.— — —1

I

‘1

,’

,__ _

II

!!

!I_,l —— _

CN = combimng network ~ Spectrum I

DC = directional coupleranalyzer I

I—-

1

Baseband inpuffoutput terminals: pin jacks, Y/C connector,

— —

21 pin connector, etc...Frequency

counter ~L—.—. — –d i__. ——-’

I_-— _—. —.— —

1;

~ ‘&~~” ~ ._ ~ oscilloscope ~

— — -.

I meter—.— Ii;-.

—~...—.- —–.II Spectrum.<

I anal~er

FIG. 31 FUNCTIONALBLOCK DIAGRAMOF MEASURING SYSTEM

IS 4545 (Part 1) :2008

12.10 Passive Devices

Combining networks of two anddirectional coupler and a VSWRIor testing the r.f. channel.

three r.f. signals, abridge are required

12.11 Luminance Meter and Calorimeter

The luminance meter (photometer) shall be capable of

measuring the luminance of a small area on the screenwithin a range of 0.2 cd/m2 to about 1 000 cd/m2.

The calorimeter is capable of measuring thechromaticity of a small area on the screen as

chromaticity coordinates (x, y) or (u’, v’) at a luminance

level lower than 2 cd/m2.

The area should be a circle with a diameter less than

4 percent of the screen width.

When measuring projection type displays and LCD

displays, the luminance and chromaticity are measured

at a Iocation apart from the screen. For this purpose,

[he meters with a telescopic lens are required.

12.12 Other Optical Measuring Instruments

A sliding gauge or a cathetometer ‘is required formeasuring geometric distortion of the picture. When

measuring viewing angles of projection and LCD

displays, it is necessary to set the luminance meter on

a stand with the scales of azimuth and elevation angles.

When measuring a screen gain of a projector, an

il luminance meter may be required.

13 INITIAL TESTS UNDER GENERALOPERATING CONDITIONS

13.1 Electrical and Mechanical Performance

13.1.1 lntmducfion

These tests are carried out to verify that the receiverunder test performs sufficiently well to justify furtherIneasurernents described in later clauses of this standard.

It’ any unacceptable performance is found, furthermeasurements should not be carried out. The following

arc examples of the phenomena which arc considered[o be unacceptable:

a) Loss of synchronization,

b) Cross-modulation of sound and picture,

c) Loss of resolution,

d) Distortion of grey scale,

e) Noise effects on picture or sound,

f) Errors of colour reproduction,

g) Spurious colour effects,

h) Spurious colour killing, and

j) Sound distortion.

13.1.2 Methods of Measurement

13.1.2,1 Performance of user controls

a) Apply the r.f. television signal of any channel

modulated with programme signals or testsignals in accordance with the televisionstandard to the receiver at the standard input

signal level, specified in 3.2.1.

b) Check the picture and sound quality and alsoexamine the electrical and mechanicalperformance and functions of user controlsincluding remote controls at various controlsettings.

c) If baseband input terminals are provided, thetest shall also be made for baseband inputsignals.

13.1.2.2 Performance for input signal levels

a)

b)

c)

Apply the r,f. television signal of any channelmodulated with the composite test patternsignal and 1 kHz audio signal(s) to thereceiver at the standard input signal level andset the receiver to the standard settingsspecified in 3.2.3.

Check the operation of the receiver at variousr.f. input signal levels. If baseband outputterminals are provided, levels and waveformsof the output signals shall also be checked.

If baseband input terminals are provided, thetest shall also be made for the standard

baseband input signals at levels of *3 dBreferred to the standard input levels.

13.1.2.3 Performance of cfi channel selection

a) Apply the r.f. television signal of any channelmodulated with the composite test patternsignal and 1 kHz audio signal(s) to thereceiver at the standard input signal level and

set the receiver to the standard settingsaccording to 3.2.3.

b) Check the function of channel selection bychanging the channel of the r.f. televisionsignal within the frequency bands for whichthe receiver is designed.

13.1.2.4 Performance for multi-channei television

signal source

If the receiver is intended to be connected to a multi-

channel television signal source such as a cableddistribution system, the tests described in 12.1.2.1 and/

or 12.1.2.2 should also be made by using such a signalsource.

13.1.2.5 Injluence of variations in power supply voltage

Although measurements at the undervoltage and

24

1

l!!!!!.,.

!’

overvoltage are specified for the characteristics whichInay be sensitive to the variations of the power supplyvoltage, other characteristics may also be influenced

by the variations. Therefore, the following test shallbe carried out:

a) Vary the power supply voltage of the receiverwithin a range of the overvoltage andundervo]tage and check the changes ofperformance such as loss of picturesynchronization and colour synchronization,variation of the picture size, variation of the

black level and shift of tuning; and

b) If such changes can be adjusted by the usercontrols, re-adjust them and repeat the test. If

the normal performance cannot be obtainedeven when the re-adjustments are made or no

user controls are provided, note the

phenomena.

If ne~essary, make ~upplementary measurements for

the relevant characteristics at the under andovervoltage of the power supply.

NOTE - The range of the variations are normally&10 percentof the rated voltage. If different values are specified by themanufacturer, apply such values.

13.2 Power Consumption

13.2.1 Method ojA4easurenzent

13.2.1.1 Measuring conditions

a) Power supply voltage and frequency –- rated

b) Video test signal — three vertical bars signal

c) Audio test signal(s) — 1 kHz, sine-wavesignal(s)

J) Signal input — r.f. and/or baseband

e)

f)

.&0h)

IS 4545 (Part 1) :2008

Modulation of sound channel(s) — 100 percent

Input signal level — standard input signallevel

Test channel for r.f. input — typical channel

Loading of terminals — loudspeaker

terminals and baseband output terminals areterminated in accordance with 3.2.2.2.

Loading of any ancillary circuit is includedbut any peripheral equipment that is poweredfrom the receiver is excluded.

13.2.1.2 Measurement procedure

a) Set the receiver under test to the standardsettings and then adjust the contrast andbrightness controls so as to obtain theluminance specified in 3.2.2. The volumecontrol of all the audio channels shall be set

to obtain 50 mW at a 1 kHz single tone signal,

b) Measure power consumption of the receiverwith an electrodynamics wattmeter or any

other wattmeter of sufficient accuracy.

If the receiver is provided with the r.f. and basebandinput terminals, the r.f, input shall be used.

If’the receiver is provided with multi-channel sound,all the audio channels shall be set to obtain the outputpower specified above

If any ancillary circuits are included in the receiver,

the power shall be measured with and without loadingthe circuits.

If the receiver is operated by a d.c. power supply, thepower shall be calculated from the measurement ofloading current at the rated supply voltage. If an ac.adaptor for the dc power supply is provided, the ac.power consumption shall also be measured.

25

l!!!!, Bureau of Indian Standards

BIS IS a statutory institution established under- the Bureau &Indian Standards Act, 1986 to promoteharmonious development of the activities of standardization, marking and quality certification of goodsand attending to connected matters in the country.

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BIS has the copyright of all its publications. hro part of these publications may be reproduced in any formwithout the prior permission in writing of BIS. This does not preclude the free use, in the course of

implementing the standard, of necessary details, such as symbols and sizes, type or grade designations.Enquiries relating to copyright be addressed to the Director (Publications), BIS.

Review of Indian Standards

Amendments are issued to standards as the need arises on the basis of comments. Standards are also reviewed

periodically; a standard along with amendments is reaffirmed when such review indicates that no changes areneeded; if the review indicates that changes are needed, it is taken up for revision. Users of Indian Standards

should ascertain that they are in possession of the latest amendments or edition by referring to the latest issue of

‘BIS Catalogue’ and ‘Standards: Monthly Additions’.

This Indian Standard has been developed from Doc : No. LITD 07 (1921).

Amendments Issued Since Publication

Amend No. Date of Issue Text Affected

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