irish historic towns atlas royal irish academy · 2018-09-07 · ordnance survey ireland and land...

Digital content from: Irish Historic Towns Atlas (IHTA), no. 26, Dublin, Part III, 1756 to 1847 Author: Rob Goodbody Editors: Anngret Simms, H.B. Clarke, Raymond Gillespie, Jacinta Prunty Consultant editor: J.H. Andrews Cartographic editor: Sarah Gearty Editorial assistants: Jennifer Moore, Angela Murphy Printed and published in 2014 by the Royal Irish Academy, 19 Dawson Street, Dublin 2 Maps prepared in association with the Ordnance Survey Ireland and Land and Property Services Northern Ireland

The contents of this digital edition of Irish Historic Towns Atlas no. 26, Dublin, Part III, 1756 to 1847, is registered under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial 4.0 International License. Referencing the digital edition Please ensure that you acknowledge this resource, crediting this pdf following this example: Introduction. In Rob Goodbody, Irish Historic Towns Atlas, no. 26, Dublin, Part III, 1756 to 1847. Royal Irish Academy, Dublin, 2014 (www.ihta.ie, accessed 14 April 2016), cover, p. 2. Acknowledgements (digital edition) Digitisation: Eneclann Ltd Digital editor: Anne Rosenbusch Original copyright: Royal Irish Academy Irish Historic Towns Atlas Digital Working Group: Sarah Gearty, Keith Lilley, Jennifer Moore, Rachel Murphy, Paul Walsh, Jacinta Prunty Digital Repository of Ireland: Rebecca Grant Royal Irish Academy IT Department: Wayne Aherne, Derek Cosgrave

For further information, please visit www.ihta.ie

Map 2 Reconstruction, 1847

DUBLIN Part III, 1756 to 1847

By ROB GOODBODY

EDITORSAnngret SimmsH.B. ClarkeRaymond GillespieJacinta Prunty

CONSULTANT EDITORJ.H. Andrews

CARTOGRAPHIC EDITORSarah Gearty

EDITORIAL ASSISTANTSJennifer Moore, Angela Murphy

Maps prepared in association with Ordnance Survey Ireland and Land and Property Services Northern Ireland

Royal Irish Academy in association with

Dublin City Council

IRISH HISTORIC TOWNS ATLAS No. 26

Royal Irish Academy19 Dawson Street, Dublin 2

Extracts from selected maps contained in Irish Historic Towns Atlas, no. 26, Dublin, part III, 1756 to 1847

Map 7 Scalé, 1773 Map 9 Wide Streets Commission, c. 1790

Irish H

istori

Irish A

Dundalk

Carrickfergus

Downpatrick

MullingarAthlone

Kildare

Maynooth

Kilkenny

Bandon

Derry~Londonderry

Armagh

Belfast

Fethard

Limerick

Dublinparts I, II & III

parts I & II

Longford

Carlingford

Urban history as it is practised today is much more than the local study of a particular town. As part of social and economic history it needs a com-parative approach. The topographical aspects of towns, the layout of streets, rivers and canals, the site of public buildings and defence works and the general setting of the town in its geographical environment, are particularly well suited to such a comparative approach. The International Commission for the History of Towns, therefore, having recommended since its foundation in 1955 the publication of historic towns atlases in its member countries, set out in 1968 a number of guidelines concerning the scale and contents of the principal maps to be included in these atlases. The Commission’s guidelines

have been followed more or less strictly by most of the many countries and regions where historic towns atlases have been published since. Among these countries Ireland with its Irish Historic Towns Atlas has produced a model in this respect.

Ghent, 1995Adriaan Verhulst†President of the InternationalCommission for the History of Towns

It was in a spirit of co-operation after the second world war that in 1955 the International Commission for the History of Towns recommended the publication of a series of European national historic towns atlases to encourage a better understanding of common European roots and to facilitate comparative urban studies. Since then fascicles for c. 500 towns and cities in nineteen European countries have been published, more or less on the lines recommended by the Commission. This volume is part of Ireland’s contribution to the scheme.

At an interdisciplinary symposium on ‘Irish towns and medieval Europe’, organised in 1978 by the Board of Medieval Studies in University College, Dublin, the idea of an Irish historic towns atlas was first publicly discussed following a lecture by Heinz Stoob from Münster on the German towns atlas project. In June 1981 the Council of the Royal Irish Academy agreed to publish the Irish Historic Towns Atlas and the government of the Republic of Ireland subsequently provided funds for the employment of a cartographic editor. The joint editors of the first four fascicles were J.H. Andrews (Department of Geography, Trinity College, Dublin) and Anngret Simms (Department of Geography, University College, Dublin). H.B. Clarke (Department of Medieval History, University College, Dublin) was appointed as an additional editor in 1990, Raymond Gillespie (Department of History, National University of Ireland Maynooth) in 1994, and Jacinta Prunty (Department of History, National University of Ireland Maynooth) in 2008. John Andrews retired as editor and became consultant editor in 1992. K.M. Davies was cartographic editor and project co-ordinator from 1981 to 1999. On her retirement Sarah Gearty was appointed to the position. Angela Murphy became editorial assistant to the project in 2001. Angela Byrne was with the project staff from 2003 to 2010 and Jennifer Moore joined the team in 2006.

The editorial board has been complemented by an editorial committee in which the editors have been joined over a period of time by Terry Barry (Department of Medieval History, Trinity College, Dublin), John Bradley (Department of History, National University of Ireland Maynooth), M.J.D. Brand (former Director, Ordnance Survey of Northern Ireland), Colin Bray (Chief Executive, Ordnance Survey Ireland), Mary Clark (City Archivist, Dublin City Library and Archive), M.E. Daly (School of History and Archives, University College, Dublin), Richard Haworth (formerly of the Department of Geography, Trinity College, Dublin), A.A. Horner (formerly of School of Geography, Planning and Environmental Policy, University College, Dublin), Richard Kirwan (former Director, Ordnance Survey Ireland), Tomás Ó Carragáin (Department of Archaeology, University College Cork), Philip Robinson (formerly of the Ulster Folk and Transport Museum), Katharine Simms (formerly of the Department of Medieval History, Trinity College, Dublin), Matthew Stout (Department of History, St Patrick’s College, Drumcondra) and Kevin Whelan (University of Notre Dame). The atlas is indebted to Ordnance Survey Ireland and Land and Property Services (formerly Ordnance Survey of Northern Ireland) for practical support from their respective institutions. Valuable assistance has also been received from the staff of the Royal Irish Academy. The editorial board is grateful to the Heritage Council and the Marc Fitch Fund (Oxford) for on-going support in the preparation of the atlas.

The atlas has been planned as a series of fascicles, one or more for each town or city in a selection representing various size-categories, various regions of the country from both the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland, and various periods of origin, growth and change, with some bias in favour of the medieval period but not excluding the estate towns, industrial towns and resort towns characteristic of more modern times. Large cities are divided chronologically according to available cartographic sources. The principal map in each fascicle is a large-scale (1:2500) representation of the town as it is believed to have stood at a period as close as possible to 1840. The reconstruction is based on the manuscript town plans made by the Ordnance Survey in 1832–42 and on the manuscript maps compiled

at the same time or soon afterwards by the General Valuation Office. Use is also made of surviving contemporary estate maps and, where necessary, of the earliest (1833–46) published Ordnance Survey maps at six inches to one mile (1:10,560). The reconstructions include buildings, streets, roads, paths, yards, gardens, orchards, parks, fields and surface watercourses. Contemporary names are used wherever possible. The base map on which these data are assembled is the most accurate available nineteenth-century town plan, which in most cases is the one published by the Ordnance Survey on a scale of either 1:1056 or 1:500 at some time during the period 1855–95.

A second map shows the town in its mid-nineteenth-century setting at 1:50,000. This has been prepared from the first (1855–95) edition of the one inch to one mile (1:63,360) Ordnance Survey map of Ireland. The third map common to all fascicles is a modern Ordnance Survey town plan at 1:5000. A selection of facsimile maps is included, some with their accompanying reference tables. Where possible there are also growth maps and large scale single period maps reconstructing significant phases of development before the end of the nineteenth century. Other graphic material includes the town’s armorial bearings, if any, a modern air photograph and facsimiles of early views. The text accompanying the maps comprises an introductory essay, topographical information on the town as a whole and its component parts, selected documentary and literary extracts where appropriate, and a bibliography.

The maps and topographical information are derived directly from primary sources and to that extent are less likely to become out of date. But readers may also expect to be given an interpretation of the sources, and this is the role of the introductory essay. Each town is described in relation to its physical site and setting, and its development is reviewed in chronological sequence from the beginnings of urban life to the end of the nineteenth century, with a brief indication of its twentieth-century history. In the case of large cities, this is done over a series of linked parts. The essay is intended to deal primarily with the form and layout of the town as expressed in the accompanying maps. Individual buildings may receive attention as topographical entities, but the atlas does not usurp the functions of an archaeological or architectural survey. In the same spirit, political and socio-economic factors are introduced in so far as they seem relevant to an understanding of the townscape and not as ends in themselves.

The bibliography lists important items devoted to a single town or city for the period, especially those of topographical relevance, and is not necessarily confined to works cited in the footnotes. Other sources mentioned in the footnotes are not separately tabulated, except where their titles have been abbreviated in a way that requires explanation. Abbreviations of more general application are listed inside the back cover of each fascicle. Grid references follow the Irish Grid co-ordinate system as shown on current paper Ordnance Survey maps, and throughout the atlas placenames are spelt as in the maps of Ordnance Survey Ireland or Land and Property Services Northern Ireland.

Finally the atlas expresses the belief that large-scale plans constitute the best kind of source material for a comparative analysis of the topography of European towns, whether as a starting point for retrospective topographical research or as a basis for studying the changes associated with modern urban expansion. As such, it is proving useful not only to students and teachers of history, geography, archaeology and architecture, but also to planners, conservationists and local government officers, and thus directly or indirectly to all residents and visitors in the towns or cities concerned.

July 2014 Anngret Simms H.B. Clarke Raymond Gillespie Jacinta Prunty

INTRODUCTION

PREFACE IRISH HISTORIC TOWNS ATLAS

CONTENTS DUBLIN, Part III, 1756 to 1847

SERIES

Page Preface and introduction CoverText (booklet) The topographical development of Dublin 1756 to 1847 1Topographical information 9 1 Name 9 2 Legal status 9 3 Parliamentary status 9 4 Proprietorial status 9 5 Municipal boundary 9 6 Administrative location 10 7 Administrative divisions 10 8 Population 10 9 Housing 10 10 Streets 101 1 Religion 44 12 Defence 48 13 Administration 49 14 Primary production 53 15 Manufacturing 53 16 Trades and services 74 17 Transport 82 18 Utilities 86 19 Health 88 20 Education 90 21 Entertainment, memorials and societies 96 22 Residence 99

Appendix: Manufactories 1766, 1804, 1847 102Bibliography 103Note on Maps 1–4 105Acknowledgements 105General abbreviations 106

Illustrations

Text figures1 City boundaries2 City parishes, 18433 Wide Streets Commission4 Gardiner estate, c. 18005 Churches 1756–18476 Manufacturing 1756–1847

Corrigenda (loose sheet)

Maps, views and photographs of Dublin (loose sheets)Map 1 Ordnance Survey, 1860, 1:50,000 2 Reconstruction, 1847, 1:2500 3 Ordnance Survey, 2012, 1:5000 4 Reconstruction, 1843–7, 1:5000 5 Rocque, 1756–c. 1769 6 Wilson, 1760 7 Scalé, 1773 8 Barker, c. 1757 9 Westmoreland Street, c. 1790 10 Roe, 1790 11 Little Green, 1793Plate 1 Royal Exchange, 1792 2 St Stephen’s Green, 1796 3 Ashford view, 1795–8Map 12 Wilson, 1801 13 Church Street, c. 1810 14 Marrowbone Lane, c. 1811 15 Four Courts, 1811 16 Christ Church, 1817 17 Campbell, 1811 18 Taylor, 1816Plate 4 College Green, 1816 5 Sackville Street, 1818 6 Four Courts, c. 1817 7 Custom House, 1817 8 Royal Canal Harbour, 1818 9 Brocas view, c. 1818Map 19 Duncan, 1821 20 Cooke, 1822 21 Valuation, 1828 22 OS, 1836 23 OS, 1843 24 OS, 1847 25 Growth, 1756–1847Plate 10 View, 1846 11 Dublin from the air, 2013Legend sheet

Thanks are due to the institutions in the captions to the maps and plates for per-mission to reproduce material in their custody.

Cover illustration: New post office, Sackville Street, Dublin, 1818, by T.S. Roberts (Roberts 4).

VOLUME INo. 1 KILDARE by J.H. AndrewsNo. 2 CARRICKFERGUS by Philip RobinsonNo. 3 BANDON by Patrick O’FlanaganNo. 4 KELLS by Anngret Simms with Katharine SimmsNo. 5 MULLINGAR by J.H. Andrews with K.M. DaviesNo. 6 ATHLONE by Harman Murtagh ISBN 978-1-874045-34-2

VOLUME IINo. 7 MAYNOOTH by Arnold HornerNo. 8 DOWNPATRICK by R.H. Buchanan and Anthony WilsonNo. 9 BRAY by K.M. DaviesNo. 10 KILKENNY by John BradleyNo. 13 FETHARD by Tadhg O’KeeffeNo. 14 TRIM by Mark Hennessy ISBN 978-1-904890-10-2

VOLUME IIINo. 15 DERRY~LONDONDERRYby Avril ThomasNo. 16 DUNDALK by Harold O’SullivanNo. 18 ARMAGH by Catherine McCullough and W.H. CrawfordNo. 20 TUAM by J.A. ClaffeyNo. 21 LIMERICK by Eamon O’Flaherty ISBN 978-1-904890-78-2

Nos 1–10, 13–16, 18, 20, 21 also available as separate fascicles.

No. 11 DUBLIN, part I, to 1610 by H.B. Clarke ISBN 978-1-874045-89-2No. 12 BELFAST, part I, to 1840 by Raymond Gillespie and Stephen A. Royle ISBN 978-0-954385-50-7No. 17 BELFAST, part II, 1840 to 1900 by Stephen A. Royle ISBN 978-1-904890-26-3No. 19 DUBLIN, part II, 1610 to 1756 by Colm Lennon ISBN 978-1-904890-44-7No. 22 LONGFORD by Sarah Gearty, Martin Morris and Fergus O’Ferrall ISBN 978-1-904890-67-6No. 23 CARLINGFORD by Harold O’Sullivan and Raymond Gillespie ISBN 978-1-904890-76-8No. 24 SLIGO by Fióna Gallagher and Marie-Louise Legg ISBN 978-1-904890-77-5

No. 25 ENNIS by Brian Ó Dálaigh ISBN 978-1-908996-00-8

No. 26 DUBLIN, part III, 1756 to 1847 by Rob Goodbody

British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Catalogue record available from the British Library

ISBN 978-1-908996-34-3

Cartography of Maps 1, 3 and photography for Plate 11 © Ordnance Survey Ireland/Government of Ireland Copyright Permit No. MP 003814. Cartography of Maps 2, 4 by Land and Property Services Northern Ireland. Figs 1–6, Maps 21, 25 drawn by Frank Cullen and Sarah Gearty.

The Royal Irish Academy is grateful to Dublin City Council for a grant towards research and production.Printed in Ireland by Brunswick Press Ltd© Royal Irish Academy 2014

Towns published to date