IoT and its Challenges Iot and its possible evolution

GRUPPO TELECOM ITALIA

e-Health University

Castres, July 1°

Telecom Italia - Research Corrdination

IEEE IoT Initiative

Roberto Minerva

2

Agenda

What IoT is and its several challenges

IoT … the T means Things

IoT and Data

IoT and Communications

A Few Remarks

3 3

Context: the Rise of Softwarization

Softwarization instantiations

Key drivers towards softwarization

Commoditization of HW, i.e., general purpose HW is becoming more and more powerful and cheap.

Cloud computing evolving towards the a Fog of very powerful terminals

(smartphones)

Commoditization of communications,

i.e., the ubiquitous availability of communications means

Virtualization,

i.e., the capability to execute

functions and services on

virtual computational

environments

Autonomics and Self-

Organization i.e., the ability of large system to

adaptively and autonomously optimize

their behavior

Big data,

i.e. the capability to collect data in real time that describe a

phenomenon associated with a resource or a person (or groups of

them)

Availability of Application Programming Interfaces for several resources and functionalities (pertaining to the Comm, Stor,

Proc, Sens/Acting realms)

Open Source, i.e., the ability to model resources and functions by means of software

communities that share results and tools

Softwarization of

the Telcos • Software Defined

Networks (SDN)

• Network Functions

Virtualization (NFV)

• Integration of SDN,

NFV with Cloud

Emergence of

new Services

paradigms and

Biz Models • Servitization:

Anything as a

Service (e.g., IoT,

IwT)

• Pervasive sensoring

and actuating

Virtual

Continuum • Creating new Virtual

Worlds bridging the

Physical

• WorldMetaverse:

Integrating of the

Physical and Virtual

Worlds

• Micro-

Manufacturing: 3D

Printers

Big Data

• Real Time Data

management

• The Bank of User

Data

• Electronic Money

Processing, Storage and Communication resources will be interchangeable. Their composition will allow to provide high

quality services, while virtualization and autonomics will allow for system optimization (aggregating resources where they are

needed the most)

Edge as Point of

Intelligence

Accumulation • Smart Terminals

• Different

connectivity options

• Smart environment

• ….

4

Expenditure on E-Health as a percentage of GPD

A Challenge: how to use technologies to cut costs and improve

quality in the health environment

5

What IoT is: two different views

• In a single administrative domain Internet of

Things envisions a system comprising

sensors/actuators, aggregators and gateways,

service control. These components use Internet

protocols and/or specific sensor protocols to

communicate.

• These systems could be quite large in size and

complex in technologies (even if they will tend to

use a few of them), but they are homogeneous

from a management perspective (at least in

processes and governance) and in ownership

• In multiple administrative domains, the IoT

envisions the integration of several heterogeneous

systems (i.e., networks of networks), each one

using different technologies, interfaces and

protocols and governed/managed by different

Actors by means of different processes and

managements functions.

• The Internet of Things (IoT) in a multi domain

envisions a self-configuring and adaptive complex

system made out of networks of sensors and smart

objects whose purpose is to interconnect “all”

things, including every day and industrial objects in

such a way to make them intelligent, programmable

and more capable of providing useful services to

humans.

Single Administrative Domain Multiple Administrative Domains

The Internet of Things (IoT) envisions systems made out of networked sensors and smart

objects whose purpose is to measure/control/operate on an environment in such a way to

make it intelligent, usable, and programmable and capable of providing useful services to

humans.

6

IoT implies a lot of Challenges

• Definition of Things and

«Identity of Things»

Challenge

• Complexity Challenge

• Communication

Paradigms Challenge

• Data Challenge

• The Software Platform

Challenge

• Silos vs. Horizontal

Application Domains

• The revenue challenge

• Per device

• Connectivity

• Data

• The Value Chain

Challenge

• New Biz Model Challenge

• Privacy Challenge

• Ownership Challenge

• Security Challenge

• Easiness of Use

Challenge

• Social Cooperation

Challenge

7

Agenda

What IoT is and its several challenges

IoT … the T means Things

IoT and Data

IoT and Communications

A Few Remarks

8

What are “Things” ?

https://ibmcai.files.wordpress.com/2014/06/iot-network.jpg

9

How Many Things?

http://tarrysingh.com/2014/07/fog-computing-happens-when-big-

data-analytics-marries-internet-of-things/

10

What are Internet-Connected Things? Active/passive, with/without context

Generic Info Contextualized Info

Passive Objects A Tag,

A pointer to some

information

Info + a location

Reactive Objects A switch at home (turn it

on/off),

A smart meter

Home Automation (when

temperature reaches 20 C

stop heating)

Autonomous Objects A Vending Machine,

An Intelligent Fridge

A Cleaning Robot

11

Sensors: some Examples in E-Health

Source: http://postscapes.com/internet-of-things-award/project/libelium-open-source-e-health-sensor-platform/

12

Low Cost Sensors

https://www.cooking-hacks.com/ehealth-sensors-complete-kit-

biometric-medical-arduino-raspberry-pi

13

An Example: BedSores

http://medtecheurope.blogactiv.

eu/2014/04/02/when-design-

meets-medtech-three-ideas-in-

preventing-and-managing-

pressure-ulcers/

http://www.sokasleep.com/blog/

Progress will be

determined by the

integration of different

fields of expertise

14

Each Object can be a “Smart Thing”

ICT

Resource

Local

Services

Virtualization

in the “Net”

Interface

Global

Services

Extended

Functions /Interface

Resource

ICT Resources

Physical

Resource

Virtualization

in the “Net”

API

API

Global

Services

Extended

Functions /Interface

Resource

API

API Physical/Logical

Resources

• Each Resource is

representable in the

Cloud

• Each resource can

be made

programmable

• Each Resource can

be functionally

augmented

Virtual Continuum

15

Are we ready to deal with Billions of smart and independent things?

9/28/2015

Billions of smart objects cannot be

managed in a traditional manner

There is the need to move towards zero-configuration and

autonomic systems

16

Agenda

What IoT is and its several challenges

IoT … the T means Things

IoT and Data

IoT and Communications

A Few Remarks

17

How much Data (and traffic)?

http://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/solutions/collateral/service-provider/visual-networking-index-

vni/white_paper_c11-520862.html#Trend_3_Measuring_Mobile_IoE

= 2.33 MB /Day

= 27 Byte /s

= 12.2 MB /Day

= 141 Byte /s

18

IoT Data and … Identity of Things

Things have Identities (and Owners) People have Identities and use Things

Me

“My” Smart Thing

Identity Relation

Third Parties

Functional Relation (events and cmds)

Raw data to be

transformed into

Info

Personal

Profiling

Functional

Profiling

Who, Where, When, What, Why, …

19

What to do with data ?

Based on https://securityledger.com/2014/04/will-ot-big-data-create-

darwinian-struggle-for-insurance-carriers/

• User Profiling

• Community

Profiling

• Service/App

Profiling

Profile Engines

Other

Service

Providers

Capturing contextual

Info

Deriving info from and

relationship User – Things -

Services

Sell of contextual Info

Contextual information on

large group of people and

individual derived info

?

20

Aggregating Data per Identity … “O

UR

” S

ma

rt T

hin

gs

Raw data to be

transformed into

Info

Personal

Profiling

Functional

Profiling

Who, Where, When, What, Why, …

+

Events and commands

* = Bigger

DATA

• Who is the Owner

of all these Data ?

• Who has the right

to extract info ?

50 B Devices *

(Average Aggregated Traffic of M2M Devices)

~ 2MB/day = ~ 88.81 petabytes

/day

21

Big Data and e-Health

http://www.mitforumcambridge.org/news/auto-id-labs-big-data-start-

up-challenge/attachment/omnichanneldatasources/

22

Some observation on (e-health) Data

E-Health Data will contribute to the Data Surge

•Many data from health related sources

•Integration with wellness systems

•Multimedia data

Privacy of data and fair usage

•There is the need to protect the final user/ patient

•New ownership of data are to be defined (Bank of user data)

IoT and Big Data analysis will go hand in hand

•Exploitation and monetization of data sets

•Collection of data and new applications fields is essentially undiscovered

23

Agenda

What IoT is and its several challenges

IoT … the T means Things

IoT and Data

IoT and Communications

A Few Remarks

24

Three Communication Environments

Personal Device

Smart Environment

Communication

(capillary network)

Services and

Applications

(Cloud and Internet)

Long Range Communication

(3G, 4G, 5G, …)

Short Range Communication

(WiFi, BlueTooth, NFC, ZigBee,

6LoWPAN, …)

Control/Management

Communication

24

• Network as a smart fast Pipe

• Distributed Edge Networked

Platform

• Value of UpLink

• Control of Spikes of

Information

• Virtualization in the Coud of

Resources

• Transactional

Communication with

Guarantees

The Network is a commodity

Intelligence aggregates at the

Edges

Network Intelligence makes no

sense

Pervasiveness and high distribution of functions

Complete decentralization

New communication paradigms

Autonomic behavior

Opportunistic and dynamic usage of resources and networks

Integration of processing, storage, communication and

“sensing”

25

A rehabilitation scenario h

ttp

://

me

dic

alx

pre

ss.c

om

/n

ew

s/

20

15

-06

-pa

tie

nts

-

rec

ove

r-a

rm-v

irtu

al-

rea

lity

.htm

l

htt

p:/

/w

ww

.ec

e.g

ate

ch

.ed

u/

rese

arc

h/

lab

s/

msl/

rese

arc

h/

26

Anything will be a node !

• Intel has unveiled a WiFi sliver of silicon that

can be part of a normal microprocessor chip.

• We can expect that wherever we find a

microprocessor (e.g. in over 70% of toys, to

name just one area) we will find embedded

connectivity.

Roberto Saracco

http://www.blog.telecomfuturecentre.it/

A trend in devices: integration of communication,

processing, storage and sensing/actuation

capabilities

This a is a big challenge from devices: how can we

take advantage in terms of services and

application of this power in a single node ?

27

Nodes will connect each other in unpredictable ways

http://muxware.net/sol_mesh.php

1

2

3

Node Aggregation at time t1

Aggregation 1

Aggregation 2

Aggregation 3

1

2

3

Node Aggregation at time t2

Aggregation 2

Aggregation 1

Network

• Increasing richness and complexity

at the edge of networks

• D2D Communications

28

Virtual Infrastructure Other Infrastructures Edge Infrastructures

Core Resources and Networks

Southbound API

North bound API

IoT Services and Application

5G Slicing supporting IoT

IoT Slice

Vir

tua

l R

eso

urc

es

(Io

T S

lic

e)

5G

Re

so

urc

es a

nd

In

fra

str

uc

ture

Io

T S

erv

ice

La

yer

Service API

Virtualized Functions

5G standards

should have

less than 1

millisecond

(msec) of

latency

29

An Example of an important Functionality for IoT

Sensor 1

Ingress

Queue A

Aggregator a

Aggregator b

Aggregator c

Ingress

Queue B

Events

Events

Security Monitoring

In aggregation

nodes at the

edge of the 5G

Nework

Egress

Queue Y

Egress

Queue Z

Policing

Control and Management

Sensor 2

Sensor 3

Sensor n

Sensor n+1

Sensor n+2

Sensor n+3

Sensor

n+m

Aggregator d

Aggregator e

Aggregator f

• Intelligent Routing of Events

and Messages thanks to SDN

• Transaction Management

• R.T. extraction of Knowledge

Data Flow

Events

Events

Control Layer

We need to bring Intelligence at the Edge of the Network

5G Network

30

Takeaways on Communications

9/28/2015

Understand the fundamental

role of Terminals and

Devices

The Intelligent is at the EDGE (Put in the Net only valuable

functions)

5G as an enabler

31

Agenda

What IoT is and its several challenges

IoT … the T means Things

IoT and Data

IoT and Communications

A Few Remarks

32

The Software Issue: What Platform for IoT Networks (the middleware and softwarization challenge)

Sensor as a small computer it needs an

Operating System

providing for basic functions

Mobile Sensor API is an example of

middleware for Wireless Sensor

Networks

Apps

Obviously there are many OSes for IoT (e.g., Contiki, …)

Many European Projects are working towards this vision

Sensors /

Actuators/ Smart Objects

Distributed OS (comprising Local

OSes) IoT Platform Services

Application Framework

Apps Apps

A Framework for developing

Applications

e-Health systems: a choice between Vertical and

specialized platforms vs. horizontal and general

purpose ones

33

Dealing with Data in a Fair Way: Data Anonimization, Contracts and Contextualization: Help the User to take control on his data

34

Help solving the many interoperability Issues

Software Interoperability

Protocol Interoperability

Data Interoperability

Processes and management Interoperability

Reliability / Autonomics

35

Business Issues

Value Chain

Viable Business Models

Prosumers and Users

36

Social Issues

The Big Brother Syndrome

Fairness to Users

Easiness of usage

Security and Privacy

Disappearing Interfaces

Doctor responsibility

Patients’ acceptance

Grazie xxx@telecomitalia.it