M & E of IDD programs

‘Uncle Basil’s bicycle’

Mixing and testing salt

UNICEF Region Number of Countries in Region

Regional Average for Percent of Households Consuming

Adequately Iodized Salt in Reporting

Countries* (1995-1998)

Number of Reporting

Countries in Region

(n)

South Asia

7 65.1% (6)

East Asia & Pacific

12 75.3% (9)

Latin America & Caribbean

21 88.6% (19)

East & Southern Africa

20 51.6% (19)

West & Central Africa

21 73.6% (16)

Middle East & North Africa

18 48.9% (12)

Central & Eastern Europe/ Newly Independent States

27 28.2% (10)

Total 126 67.8% (81)

Iodized salt coverage, 1995-8

0 20 40 60 80 100

C & E Europe/NIS

M East/N Africa

W & C Africa

E & S Africa

L America & Carib

E Asia & Pacific

S Asia

Households getting adequately iodized salt (% >= 15 ppm) by region, 1995-98

Trends in prevalences of IDDs (TGR) by country groups, school aged children, from averages of

national survey data, for 1980-89 and 1990-date

REGION

L Am/CaAsiaAfrica & MEast

40

30

20

10

0

Period

1980-1989

>=1990

Table 2. TGR of all countries disaggregated before and after 1990, categorized by HH consumption of iodized salt.

Years 1990 (YRCAT=1) Years > 1990 (YRCAT=2)

Hhisalt <25%

(HHICAT1=1)

Hhisalt 25-50%

(HHICAT1=2)

Hhisalt >50%

(HHICAT1=3)

Mean

Hhisalt <25%

(HHICAT1=1)

Hhisalt 25-50%

(HHICAT1=2)

Hhisalt >50%

(HHICAT1=3)

Mean

TGR of all countries (TGR)

29.7 (48) 22.7 (15) 9.8 (5) 26.7 (68)

34.9 (26) 20.0 (13) 14.2 (51) 21.0 (90)

Countries Pre-iod TGR>40% (PTGRCAT=3)

53.8 (12) 43.5 (5) [24.6 (1)] 49.3 (18)

54.3 (10) [63.0 (1)] 22.9 (12) 38.3 (23)

Goal, 1990-2000: ‘virtual elimination of IDDs’ -- World Summit for Children; ICN.

TGR vs % HHs w ith iodized salt Trends

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

TGR

<25% HHs with iodized

salt

25-50% HHs with Iodized

Salt

25-50% hhs with Iodized

Salt, later

>50% HHs with Iodized

Salt

>50% HHs with iodized

Salt, later

>40% Endem ic TGR

20-40% Endem ic TGR

<20% Endem ic TGR

Table 1. Goiter in relation to iodized salt, by underlying endemic goiter rate

F ig u r e 2 . R e la t io n o f i o d iz e d s a l t a n d io d iz e d o i l c a p s u le s in p r e g n a n c y w i t h b i r t h w e ig h t .

I o d i n e i n s a l t a n d c a p s u l e s

3 0 0 0

3 0 5 0

3 1 0 0

3 1 5 0

3 2 0 0

3 2 5 0

3 3 0 0

I 0 I 7 I 1 5 I 3 0 I 7 5

I o d i n e p p m

Birth

weig

ht, g

ram

s N o c a p s

C a p s

R e g r e s s i o n r e s u l t s : d e p e n d e n t v a r i a b l e = b i r t h w e i g h t ( g ) ; c o e f f i c i e n t s : s a l t ( 0 - 7 - 1 5 - 3 0 -7 5 p p m ) , B = 2 . 4 0 6 ( t = 2 . 4 7 7 , p = 0 . 0 1 3 ) ; i o d i n e c a p s u l e s , B = 4 0 . 2 6 1 ( t = 1 . 6 6 3 , p = 0 . 0 9 6 ) ; i n t e r a c t i o n , s a l t * c a p s u l e s , B = - 3 . 2 0 0 ( t = - 2 . 7 5 9 , p = 0 . 0 0 6 ) ; c o n t r o l l i n g f o r u r b a n / r u r a l , e d u c a t i o n , e l e c t r i c i t y i n h o u s e ; c o n s t a n t = 3 1 3 3 . 5 , n = 3 8 5 3 , a d j R s q u = 0 . 0 0 4 .

Prevalence of underweight children in relation to iodized salt, controlling for maternal BMI

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

Salt=0 Salt>=30

Iodine, ppm

Pre

va

len

ce

un

de

rwe

igh

t

Nepal, BMI<18.5

Nepal, BMI>18.5

India, BMI<18.5

India, BMI>18.5