introduction to water – chapter 24. pretest water: 4 primary sections the hydrologic cycle (water...
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Water: 4 Primary Sections The Hydrologic Cycle (Water Cycle) The Hydrologic Cycle (Water Cycle) Glaciers Glaciers Groundwater Groundwater Water Quality Water QualityTRANSCRIPT
Introduction to Water – Introduction to Water – Chapter 24Chapter 24
1. What is the hydrologic cycle? 2. What is porosity? 3. What is permeability? 4. What do we call the upper boundary of
earth that is saturated with water? 5. Where does artesian water come from? 6. How are caves formed? 7. How is a sinkhole formed? 8. What do people mean when they say you
have hard water? 9. List as many negative and positive
affects on water quality as you can. 10. How do these affects change our lives? 11. What is a glacier? 12. What is causes glaciers to move?
PretestPretest
Water: 4 Primary SectionsWater: 4 Primary Sections• The Hydrologic Cycle (Water Cycle)The Hydrologic Cycle (Water Cycle)• Glaciers Glaciers • GroundwaterGroundwater• Water QualityWater Quality
The Hydrologic CycleThe Hydrologic Cycle
The Hydrologic CycleThe Hydrologic Cycle• The natural circulation of water from The natural circulation of water from
ocean to atmosphere to ground, then ocean to atmosphere to ground, then back to oceanback to ocean– Water is constantly circulatingWater is constantly circulating– Can be in any of 3 states of matterCan be in any of 3 states of matter
•Solid, Liquid, or GasSolid, Liquid, or Gas– The cycle is powered by heat from the The cycle is powered by heat from the
sun and the force of gravitysun and the force of gravity– The total amount of water vapor in the The total amount of water vapor in the
atmosphere remains constantatmosphere remains constant
Important VocabularyImportant Vocabulary• EvaporationEvaporation• EvapotranspirationEvapotranspiration• SublimationSublimation• CondensationCondensation• PrecipitationPrecipitation• RunoffRunoff• InfiltrationInfiltration• DischargeDischarge
A large mass of ice A large mass of ice formed by the formed by the compaction and compaction and recrystallization of recrystallization of snow that moves snow that moves downslope under downslope under its own power is its own power is called a …called a …
GlaciersGlaciers• Glaciers are powerful Glaciers are powerful
agents of erosionagents of erosion• They can carve out They can carve out
large U-shaped large U-shaped valleys and carry a valleys and carry a lot of rock and debris lot of rock and debris downslopedownslope
• They move by They move by GravityGravity
SublimationSublimation• Ice turning directly into water vaporIce turning directly into water vapor• Leaves debris behindLeaves debris behind
GroundwaterGroundwater• Subsurface water in the zone of Subsurface water in the zone of
saturationsaturation– 98.5% of fresh water is below the 98.5% of fresh water is below the
earth’s surfaceearth’s surface
How does water get How does water get underground?underground?•InfiltrationInfiltration
– Depends upon surface and Depends upon surface and subsurface conditionssubsurface conditions•PermeabilityPermeability – the ability of a – the ability of a material to transmit fluidmaterial to transmit fluid
•PorosityPorosity – the volume of open – the volume of open space (pores) in a soil or rock space (pores) in a soil or rock samplesample
PermeabilityPermeability• Depends upon soil Depends upon soil
compositioncomposition– Sand, Silt, or ClaySand, Silt, or Clay
• Why is sand more Why is sand more permeable than permeable than clay?clay?
PorosityPorosity• The amount of water than can pass The amount of water than can pass
through soil or rock depends upon through soil or rock depends upon the amount and size of poresthe amount and size of pores
Water TableWater Table• The Water Table is the line below The Water Table is the line below
which all pore spaces are filled with which all pore spaces are filled with water (saturated)water (saturated)
AquiferAquifer• An aquifer is an underground An aquifer is an underground
geological formation able to store geological formation able to store and yield water. and yield water.
Artesian SystemArtesian System•Where water flows out of the Where water flows out of the
aquifer and to the surface due to aquifer and to the surface due to pressure from abovepressure from above– Spring (natural)Spring (natural)– Well (drilled)Well (drilled)
What happens when running What happens when running underground water dissolves underground water dissolves minerals in the bedrock?minerals in the bedrock?
CAVES!
SinkholesSinkholes• Funnel-shaped holes Funnel-shaped holes
where caves have where caves have collapsedcollapsed
Water QualityWater Quality• A crucial factor in the quality of our A crucial factor in the quality of our
liveslives
Hard WaterHard Water• Water picks up Water picks up
calcium and calcium and magnesium from magnesium from the landscapethe landscape– Can clog pipes or Can clog pipes or
shower headsshower heads– More in some places More in some places
than othersthan others
Water PollutionWater Pollution• Contamination can come fromContamination can come from
– Point sourcesPoint sources– Non-point sourcesNon-point sources
What is the primary source What is the primary source of contamination?of contamination?•HUMANS!HUMANS!
– Point sourcesPoint sources•FactoriesFactories•Septic tanksSeptic tanks•Chemical spillsChemical spills
– Non-point sourcesNon-point sources•Soil ErosionSoil Erosion•Agricultural runoffAgricultural runoff
– FertilizersFertilizers– PesticidesPesticides– Livestock wastesLivestock wastes
LandfillsLandfills• New Landfills require a liner to prevent New Landfills require a liner to prevent
contaminationcontamination• LeachateLeachate – – water that has run through water that has run through
contaminated areas picking up soluble contaminated areas picking up soluble substancessubstances
Household Water ConsumptionHousehold Water Consumption
Where can you conserve water?
We live in the arid west…We live in the arid west…• Water is scarceWater is scarce• Water is preciousWater is precious• Water sustains lifeWater sustains life
• Water should be Water should be conserved… conserved… please do your please do your partpart
So what where the 4 main topics So what where the 4 main topics from Chapter 24 on water?from Chapter 24 on water?
• The Hydrologic Cycle (Water Cycle)The Hydrologic Cycle (Water Cycle)• Glaciers Glaciers • GroundwaterGroundwater• Water QualityWater Quality
Now try Now try these these questionsquestions
1. What is the hydrologic cycle? 2. What is porosity? 3. What is permeability? 4. What do we call the upper boundary of
earth that is saturated with water? 5. Where does artesian water come from? 6. How are caves formed? 7. How is a sinkhole formed? 8. What do people mean when they say you
have hard water? 9. List as many negative and positive
affects on water quality as you can. 10. How do these affects change our lives? 11. What is a glacier? 12. What is causes glaciers to move?