introduction to substation design tadp 542
TRANSCRIPT
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Transmission & Distribution Program
Introduction to Substation DesignTADP 542
Components
Instructor: Mike Nissley
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Overview
Components
– This is a brief overview defining the components that make up a substation. The components will be covered in more detail during week 3 of the course.
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Conductors
Materials or bodies capable of transmitting electricity.
Rated in amps at specific temperatures.
Figure 1: A sample 3 phase conductor
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Insulators/Insulation
Very poor electrical conductors, or present high impedance to the flow of electricity.Insulation can be represented electrically as a circuit consisting primarily of small capacitors in series and parallel.Can be made of polymeric materials, glass, or porcelain.
Figure 2: An insulator.
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Grounding Grid
Provides adequate personnel safety and an electrical environment that allows the expected functioning of electrical equipment.
An effective ground grid (see IEEE Std 80-2000, Guide for Safety in AC Substation Grounding) will facilitate the following:
Assure a level of personnel safety.Dissipate normal and fault currents to ground/earth.Provide a path for lighting impulses and switching surges. Provide low resistance for protective relay circuits.
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Direct Current (DC) Power System
The DC system consists of: battery, battery charger, monitoring, control devices, and a distribution system.
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125V substation battery
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Alternating Current Power System
A low voltage AC distribution system is required to provide power for the DC System and other auxiliaries.
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Control System
Devices and circuits used to intentionally control system equipment.
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Protective Relaying Systems
Protective relays detect abnormal electrical conditions and initiate preprogrammed corrective actions.
Figure 3: Protective relay block diagram
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Instrument Transformers
Reproduce primary voltage and current in secondary circuits with phase relationship substantially preserved.
Referred to as potential transformer (PT) and current transformer (CT).
Figure 4: A small current transformer (CT)
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Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA)
SCADA systems primarily facilitate remote operation of a system of distributed devices.
The SCADA system is comprised of main equipment at a control center and remote terminal units.
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Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (cont.)
Figure 5: A representation of SCADA
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Automation (Integration) Systems
Use of computers and communication devices to optimize system operation and facilitate remote control and monitoring.
Usually includes SCADA functionality along with extended monitoring and control capabilities.
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Image Acknowledgements
Conductor– http://www.alertelectrical.com/files/cable6944xlh.jpg
Insulator– http://www.vnemart.com.vn/Images/Products/Dead%20end%20insulator.jpg
Protective Relay– http://www.freepatentsonline.com/7123459-0-large.jpg
Current Transformer– http://electricalplan.blogspot.com/2008_04_01_archive.html
SCADA– http://www.wastechengineering.com/images/SCADA.gif