introduction to soil physicsindico.ictp.it/event/a12165/session/2/contribution/2/... · 2014. 5....
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College on Soil Physics - 30th Anniversary (1983-2013)
GABRIELS Donald Maurice
25 February - 1 March, 2013
University of Ghent Laboratory of Soil Physics
Fac. Agric.& Appl. Biol.Sciences, Dept. of Soil Management Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent
BELGIUM
Introduction to Soil Physics
30years
• • • •
• •
⇒
⇒
Air:vapor, gass
Air: vapor, gass in the soil
Air: (vapor and gass) in the
atmosphere
FIRE SUN
⇒⇒ ⇒
→→
→
“Mystic Lamb John and Hubert Van Eyck
Gent, Belgium
→→
→
→
“Gaia”
→
Link soils and mankind?
Human
soil
Man-agement
medicine
Ecosystem
science of nature: Physics-Naturkunde
Isaac Newton (1643-1727)
→
→
Justus von Liebig (1803-1873)
→
→
→
Porosity and bulk density (apparent density) Water retention curve (pF) θ(h) Hydraulic Conductivity Ks, K(h) Aggregate stability Mechanical Resistance Consistency
Hillel (1998)
compaction
Law of capilarity of Hagen-Poisseuille
→→
ϕ
x
y
R1
particle 1
particle 2
R2air
air
water
Joseph Plateau (1801-1883)
Phenakistoscoop
→
Microscopic scale
4 cm →
17 cm
→
pF permeametro - Ks
Lublin, Polen Lubljana, Slovenië
→→ →
HYDRUS-2D zanjas, La Serena, Chile
Infiltration channels (La Serena, Chile)
La Serena, Chile
→ →
plowing furrows Tigray, Ethiopië
Gent Tandojam, Pakistan -
• • • •
Luoyang, China Alemaya, Ethiopië
• • • • •
→ 2. water balance in the field effect of tillage (China)
Conventional tillage
Subsoiling Minimum tillage
Two crops System
Zero tillage
→
Hydrus-2D
Map of Arid Zones of South America
•
•
•
“… the nation that destroys its soil, destroys itself…"
10th Anniversary College on Soil Physics y g6 September – 24 September 1993 p
I.C.T.P. - Trieste, Italy