Introduction to Research?

Prof. Lubna Baig

Pro Vice Chancellor

Jinnah Sindh Medical University

Objectives

• By the end of the session the students will be able to:

• Define research

• Appreciate the importance of research

• Identify the high priority areas for health research

• List steps of research

• Describe the ethics of research

RESEARCH is

In Simple terms

•systematic quest for undiscovered truth.

•way of thinking.

•manner of regarding accumulated facts

•manner in which we solve the knotty

problems

In Scientific terms

systematic collection

analysis

interpretation of data

RESEARCH is

Why do we need

Research?

Advantages of doing research

• Knowledge

• Professional goal

• Independent work

• Experience

• Promotions

• Post Graduation (residency positions)

• Publish

Publish or Perish

7

Why is research important for Health Science students?

• Evidence from research shapes clinical practice,

• Basis of evidence-based practice

Why of Research?

• What is bothering you?

• What is the problem?

• Where is the problem and how can we solve it?

• Can we make it better?

• How can we make it better?

• Who are the people effected by the issues?

• Who should be involved?

Health Research some Issues

• What are the priority health problems of community, country, region?

• What are the health needs of people?

• How can we improve the health system?

• What is the most appropriate management for disease(s)?

• How can we make the system cost effective?

• Which investigation is better for diagnosis?

Types of Research

• Basic Research

– Generates new knowledge

– Conducted in labs

• Applied research

– Clinical research

– Community research

• Operations Research

• Making management decisions

• Health systems

research • Designing and

evaluating programs

• Implementation

Research • Assess status of

implementation

(health programs, etc.)

Major Research Designs

• Quantitative

–Explanatory

–Quantify things in numbers

• Qualitative

–Exploratory

–Looks into why of things

Characteristics of Research

• Clear statement of problem

• Clear and focused objectives and methods

• Have clarity on outcomes

• Literature supports the methodology

• Rationale of study is clear

• Study is feasible

Steps in Conducting Research • Identify

– Topic, idea, Problem (what is bothering you)

– Notebook of research ideas, Consult with peers seniors

– Literature search

• Define – Objectives/research questions

– Study design

– Data collection methods (inclusive of sampling)

• Collect data

• Analyze and interpret data

• Critique your results and compare with other studies

• Develop recommendations based on your conclusions

• Future research ideas should also be generated

Ethics in Research

• “All research involving human subjects should be conducted in accordance with three basic principles namely respect for persons, beneficence and justice”.

International Ethical Guidelines for Biomedical Research Involving

Human Subjects CIOMS 1982; 1991; 1992

“Particular conditions of research in developing countries”

Research Module (4 credit hours)

• The module aims to improve the research skills and competence amongst students by strengthening their theoretical knowledge

• Give you Hands-on training to develop Research Proposal.

• You will be able to design Research proposals by applying standard research methods.

2nd Year to 4th Year MBBS

• Identify the problems related to health in the community

• Write a research question and hypothesis

• Perform literature search

• Write the background which should lead to the rationale for the study

• Explain the basic study designs used in research

• Sampling and sample size estimation

• Designing a questionnaire

• Data collection procedures

• Ethics in research

• Budgeting and timelines (Gantt Chart)

• Develop a research proposal for IRB approval

By the end of 2nd Year students will be able to:

By the end of 3rd Year the students will be able to:

• Collect data for research proposal developed in the previous year

• Describe the types of data and variables

• Use a statistical package (SPSS) for entering data and later analysis

• Display and summarize data sets

• Apply the concepts of measures of central tendency and spread

• Describe the basic concepts of inferential statistics

• Use SPSS for inferential statistics

• Apply the concepts of hypothesis testing (alpha beta errors, confidence interval)

Welcome to the

wonderful world

of Research