Introduction to Linguistics Word order and meaning Class 7

Dylan Glynn www.dsglynn.univ-paris8.fr

dglynn@univ-paris8.fr

Synonymy Study for homework Due 10 April You can come to see me on Wednesdays in D316! Lets look at it.

Homework Synonymy Part 1 Data

Step 1. Find two words which are very similar in meaning, two words you cant easy decide what the difference is.

Step 2. Open an account with Davies on-line corpora.

Step 3. Choose a corpus

Step 4. Using Firefox, search for one of the lexemes in the corpus.

Step 5. Copy 20 examples of the word and paste into Excel

Step 6. Repeat steps 4 and 5 for the second lexeme.

Your table should now have 40 examples in it.

Step 7. Delete the columns you dont need

Step 8. Wrap text for the data column

Homework Synonymy Part 2 Hypothesis and Analysis

Step 1. Propose a hypothesis about the difference in meaning. You can use a dictionary to help you.

Step 2. Create a new column in your table with a label indicating the hypothetical difference

Step 3. Read each example and indicate in the second column if your hypothesis is true for each example.

Revision - Figurative Signs

Metaphor Semantic relation of similarity

The moon is a beacon of our love

La lune est le phare de notre amour

Metonymy Semantic relation of contiguity

The ham sandwich wants the bill

Table 6 veut payer!

Mtaphore conceptuelle

But Conceptual Metpahor and metonymy are special cases because they are not at all special !!

Conceptual metaphors are part of the grammar of a language, maybe even part of the grammar of a culture !

Le Temps... Comment comprenons-nous le temps ? On ne peut pas le voir, le sentir, lentendre... L'heure arrive o le pre doit passer de l'autre ct Pques arrive bientt donc j'ai prpar quelques petites choses La raison pour laquelle on est seule Nol est quelquefois une raison triste. Demain on va se voir midi pour un match Sur ta copie d'cran on voit que le 22 janvier est avant le 26 janvier qui lui-mme avant le 13 fvrier qui est lui mme avant le 16 fvrier La manucure prestige avec french, quant elle, si le rendez-vous est avant 9h ou aprs 19h cela vous coutera 95

Argument is war Vos affirmations sont indfendables. Il a attaqu chaque point faible de mon argumentation. Ses critiques visaient droit au but. J'ai dmoli son argumentation. Je n'ai jamais gagn sur un point avec lui. Tu n'es pas d'accord? Alors, dfends-toi! Si tu utilises cette stratgie, il va t'craser. Les arguments qu'il m'a opposs ont tous fait mouche.

Exercise 1 TIME is MONEY In French, can you think of metaphoric examples that would support the existence of a metaphor, TIME is MONEY? Work in Groups

Tu me fais perdre mon temps. Ce procd vous fera gagner des heures et des heures. Je n'ai pas de temps te donner. Comment grez-vous votre budget-temps? Rparer ce pneu crev m'a cotune heure. J'y ai mis beaucoup de temps. Je n'ai pas de temps perdre. Il ne te reste plus beaucoup de temps. Tu dois conomiser ton temps. Mets du temps de ct pour jouer au ping-pong. Cela vaut-il la peine que tu y consacres du temps? Son temps ne lui appartient pas. Vous ne profitez pas du temps que vous avez. J'ai perdu beaucoup de temps quand je suis tomb malade. Merci de nous avoir donn de votre temps.

Exercise 2 Finding metaphors and metonyms in normal texts Lets look at an online newspaper....

Exercise 3

Source domain BODY Exercise 1. a. List all the body part lexical metaphors you can think of. To get you started Eye someone up, you have my heart, she is quite a handful... etc.! b. Are any conceptual metaphors emerging?

Blends! A third type of figurative sign is the blend

Traditional Blending * breakfast + lunch brunch * camera + recorder camcorder * education + entertainment edutainment * information + commercial infomercial * motor + hotel motel * simultaneous + broadcast simulcast * smoke + fog smog

Conceptual Integration Blending simple!

Input Space 1 Input Space 2

Blended Space

Types of Figurative Signs Similarity Metaphor Part-whole Metonymy Blend Integration

Conceptual+Relations+

Metaphor

Metonymy

Blending

Blending is very important in advertising Lets look at some examples

1

2

Anti smoking campaign

3

Lung cancer foundation - passivesmokingkills.org

4

Carlsberg- Probably the best beer in the world.

5

Visit .cruiseshipcenters.com Dreaming of a Mediterranean

cruise?

6

Culinary Delights Fresh'n Wild

7

Lifebuoy, hand wash gel - You eat what you toch.

8

www.kqv.de - Dental insurance

9

Pharos Bil ingual Dictionary, English Afrikaans Truely bilingual

10

Zoo safari- blend in

11

Fujifilm -

12

Playstation 3 slim will make girls to want to get into your pants

13

Playstation 2

14

Peugot?

15

VW Commercial Vehicles Comfort at work.

16

Suna GPS traf fic updates- Don't spend your life in traf fic.

17

Volkswagen Trucks For every kind of load

18

Adidas Impossible is nothing

19

Tibits - Very, very fresh vegetarian food

20

Mitsubishi, Montero Sport on /off road tecnonoly

21

Persil Protect them before they fade

22

Dyrup Colors fron nature

23

Nivea Calcium Power For extra strong extra long nails.

24

Formula- Builds strong teeth

25

Fed ex

26

Ezym Lefax Wenn sich der Magen dreht.

27

Sprite (Ice Blue) -

28

Harry's bread Nice and soft.

29

Iveco (Eco Daily) Strong by nature

30

Frizz skin salon Skin that feels like this to skin that feels like this.

31

Scottex (Maxi Roll) Extra strong. Extra long.

32

Berger natural finish colours

33

Eukanuba Everybody wants to be a dog.

34

Matchbox

35

Cloret- eliminate bad breath

36

National Geographic Channel -

37

Evolve -

38

Tolnaftate cream - Root out disgusting funghi.

writing

Deutsche Post If you real ly want to touch someone, send them a

letter.

40

WWF- Give a hand to wildlife.

41

Monster com Caught in the wrong job?

42

Milano Ashtanga yoga school

43

Pepsi light -

44

Yoga school

45

Hush puppies Casual footwear for the whole family

46

Gabor- Fits perfect

47

Polident- You'll forget you wear them

48

Lwenbru Teda la fuerza que necessitas

49

WMF Sharper than you think

50

Playstation Sony Hulk new on PS2

51

BEGO Equipped by BEGO, Dental Equippment and Materials

Iconicity

This should have been covered in 1st year, but to recap:

Iconicity is a conceptual category, which is not entirely arbitrary.

Things like onomatopoeia are iconic

What does a frog say in your language?

Sign Language Iconicity is important in sign language

Exercise 4 Which of the following have iconic elements

Hey ho! Really! frog crash!

mumble eating ring Hewlard Packard

Grammatical Iconicity But iconicity is not just onomatopoeia and visual signs...

Phonological iconicity sound symbolism

glimmer, glint, glow, glare, glass, glitter.

Syntactic iconicity temporal order

I ate pizza, went out, met up with Sad.

Syntactic iconicity adjectival order

Big round ball!