introduction to env engineeing

8/12/2019 Introduction to Env Engineeing

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Introduction to

Environmental

Engineering

By :Amr Ahmed El-Adly

Spring 2014

Doctoral Degree in Public Health Sciences

(Majoring Environmental Engineering)

Environmental

Engineering Updates(15062806)


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Environment?

Everything Around US..!

Includes all of living and nonlivingthings which we interact. Includescomplex web of relationship that

connect us with one another and withthe world we live in.


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Biotic environment

From the Greek word bios, which meanslife

We can also say that a biotic environmentis a living environment

It compose of plants, animals,microorganisms and human beings


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Abiotic environment

The opposite of biotic environment, inwhich constituted by land, water and air

These biotic and abiotic components areinterrelated/interdependent to eachother


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Ecology-Definition

Ecology

Is the study of how organisms interact with one

another and their physical environment of

matter and energy.

Ecosystem

A community of different species interacting

with one another and with their nonliving

environment of matter and energy.


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ECOSYSTEMS

Major Components:

Living (Biotic)-Plants, animals, microbes.

Non Living (Abiotic)- Water, air, nutrients, rock,heat, solar energy.

Some organisms produce the nutrients they

need, others get their nutrients by consumingtheir organisms, and some recycle nutrients

back to producers by decomposing the wastes

and remains of organisms.


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Who does it affect? Everyone & Everything! plants insects

animals

humans ecosystems

our planet


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What are

environmental issues?

Three areas:

air quality land quality

water quality


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Air Quality

Poor air quality can lead to:

smog

respiratory & other illnesses

acid rain

global warming

Why is air quality such a problem?


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Air Quality

Air pollutant: A knownsubstance in the airthat can cause harm to

humans and theenvironment.

nitrogen oxides (NOx)

sulfur oxides (SOx)

carbon monoxide(CO)

carbon dioxide (CO2)

Effects of acid rain on plants
http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_9//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0c/Acid_rain_woods1.JPG


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Greenhouse Gases & Global Warming

Global warming: An increase in the average airtemperature of the Earth.

Greenhouse effect: Heat from the sun getstrapped inside the glass of a greenhouse and

heats up its air.More carbon dioxide (CO2) being released in the

atmosphere traps more heat.
http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_9//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/10/Global_warming_graphic.png


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Land Quality Land pollution: Destruction of the Earths surface

caused by human activities and the misuse ofnatural resources.

Natural resources: Land and raw materials thatexist naturally in the environment undisturbed byhumans.

Renewable resource: A natural resource that canbe replaced by a natural process.

Non-renewable resource: A natural resource thatcannot be produced or re-grown or reused.


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What problems arise from land pollution?

Acid mine drainage LandfillsPesticides andherbicides


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Inputs and Outputs of a System


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Energy Resources

Non Renewable Renewable

Direct SunWindBiomass

Flowing water

Fossil fuelNuclearCoalNatural gas


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NON RENEWABLE RESOURCE

A nonrenewable resource (also known as

a finite resource) is a resource that does not

renew itself at a sufficient rate for sustainable

economic extraction in meaningful human-

frames. Example are Fossil Fuels such as coal,

petroleum and natural gas.


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RENEWABLE RESOURCE

A renewable sources of energy can be

used over and over again. Renewable resources

include solar energy, wind, geothermal energy,

biomass and hydropower. They generate much

less pollution, both in gathering and production,

than nonrenewable sources.


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LIST OF RENEWABLE

SOURCES OF ENERGY

1. Wind Power

2. Solar Energy

3. Geothermal Energy

4. Hydroelectric Power

5. Biofuels

6. Natural Gas

7. Nuclear Energy


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Environmental Problems?

We run more and more earths natural

resources for economy caused:

Shrinking forest, expanding deserts, eroding soils,deteriorating the agricultural lands, loweratmosphere is warming, melting glaciers, increasing

sea levels, more destructive storms, failing watertables, disappearing of sea corals, drying rivers,fisheries are collapsing, extinction of many species.


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ENVIRONMENTALPROBLEMS

Environmental Problems: Cause?

Major causes are:

Population growth

Wasteful and unsustainable resource use

Poverty

Exclusion of environmental cost of resourceuse

Attempts to manage nature with insufficient

knowledge


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POPULA

TION

G

ROWT

H


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UN

SUSTAINABLE

RESOURCES


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ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS

POVERTY


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Sustainability:

Our lives and economies depend on energy

from the sun (sun capita) and on naturalresources (natural capita) provided by the

earth.

Living sustainably means living off the earthsnatural income without depleting or degrading

the natural capital that supplies it.


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Four Scientific Principles Of Sustainability


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The Sustainability Portfolio


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Building Sustainable Business Strategies

Megacities


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Sustainable Design Approach:A combined architectural,engineering, site planning andlandscaping (multidisciplinary)approach to design and energyconscious building should optimize the

energy efficiency of a buildingespecially in employing combinedpassive and active devices.


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Passive Design Factors Affecting EnergyUse In Buildings

The building layout, planning, design, shape,

fabric and construction cover a wide number of

variables that affect building energy

requirements.

1) Size and Shape

2) Building Orientation

3) Planning & Layout

4) Thermo Physical Properties

5) Window System

6) Construction Details


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What is Environmental

Engineering?

Environment, the surroundings in which aperson, animal, or plant lives or operates

Engineering, application of scientificprinciples for the planning, design,operation and maintenance of structures,equipment or systems for the

development and benefit of society


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Engineering?

Thus..

Environment + Engineering =

Application of scientific principles toimprove the natural environment for thedevelopment and benefit of the society


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Engineering?

Definition: The application of science

and engineering knowledge andconcepts to care for and/or restore ournatural environment and/or solveenvironmental problems.


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Environment + Engineering


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Knowledge and education is importantin preserving our environment. Young

generation should be educated withthis understanding in order to haveenvironmental-awareness community.

Awareness and encouragement fromgovernment and authorities is utmost

and the only way to materialized thismission towards sustainable earth.

Thank you.

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