Introduction to Colonization & Decolonization: Case Studies in Modern Africa and Asia

Colonization in 1945

Terms

colonialism: one country’s domination of another country or people, usually achieved through aggressive actions; involves _________________________________ of one country over another

colony: the territory acquired, usually through __________________________

colonization: the act of colonizing

Terms continued…

imperialism: similar to colonialism but used more broadly to refer to _________________________ exercised either _________________________

new imperialism: period of _________________ imperialism involving extension of ______________________________ in ____________________, ___________________

Terms continued…

decolonization: process of granting __________________________ to a colony; refers particularly to the period after ________________ when European colonies in Africa and Asia achieved independence

History of Imperialism – Periods:

I. Imperialism before 1450II. Age of European Exploration & Early Modern

European Imperialism (1450-1700)III. European Merchant Empires (1700-1815)IV. Imperialism of Free Trade (1815-1870)V. New Imperialism (1870-1914)VI. Mandates (post-WWI) & Trusts (post-WWII)VII. Decolonization (1945-1970)VIII. Modern Economic Imperialism &

Neocolonialism

I. Imperialism before 1450

Alexander the Great’s Empire, 320 B.C.

Roman Empire, 117 C.E.

Mongol Empire, late 1200s

Ottoman Empire, 1300-1699

Aztec Empire, 1400s-1521

II. Age of European Exploration & Early Modern European Imperialism (1450-1700)

Why?

ECONOMIC/POLITICAL POWER

mercantilism –

Trading Companies

British East India Company (1600)

Dutch East India Company (1602)

Dutch West India Company (1621)

Why?

GOD (i.e. RELIGION)

Who?

1. 2. 3.

In 1492 ….

… _________________ sailed the ocean blue …

… and the lucky guy ran into a giant heap of dirt in the way of his targeted destination.

Result: _______________ builds a colonial empire in the so-called “______________.”

Going back a bit to 1488 …

____________________ reaches the ______________________

[And 518 years later, so did I!]

And in 1498…_________________________ rounds the

southernmost tip of Africa...

… and reaches __________ via the sea

Cape Agulhas

_____________ Empire, at maximum extent in the 16th c.

_____________ Empire in 1770

____________ Colonies, 17th c.

_______________ Colonies in North America, 1763-1775

_____________ Colonial Empire

Keylight blue = first empire of 1600s-1700s; dark blue = second empire, built after 1830

III. European Merchant Empires (1700-1815)

3 world systems

North Atlantic

South Atlantic

Indian Ocean

North Atlantic system

regions:

colonial powers:

main products:

South Atlantic system

regions:

colonial powers:

main products:

Indian Ocean system

regions:

colonial power:

main products:

IV. Imperialism of Free Trade (1815-1870)

extension of ___________________________________________ rather than asserting formal political control

driven by _______________ product of ___________________

(begins in Britain ca. 1780) Adam Smith’s _____________________ (1776)

“The sun never sets on the British Empire.”

V. New Imperialism (1870-1914)

states resume extending ___________________________________, not just __________________________________

territories acquired in _________ & _______

still driven by ________________

Imperialism in Africa, 1914

Imperialism in Asia, 1914

VI. Mandates (post-WWI) & Trusts (post-WWII)

League of Nations mandates –

United Nations Trust Territories –

colonial power required to set target date for trust’s independence

League of Nations mandates in Africa, the Middle East, and the Pacific

VII. Decolonization (1945-1970)

VIII. Modern Economic Imperialism & Neocolonialism

economic domination: