Raising Underwater Artifacts

Activity 4-1 p.137

Introduction to Chapter 4

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4.1 Studying Matter

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What is matter?

Matter is anything that has mass and

occupies space

Examples: book, desk, air, YOU, etc.

Matter is not energy (eg. fire)

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Classification of Matter

Scientists group materials

Based on different characteristics

One way is based on Particle Theory

of Matter

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The Particle Theory of Matter (1)

All matter is made up of tiny particles

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The Particle Theory of Matter (2)

Each pure substance has its own kind of

particle, which is different from the

particles of other pure substances

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The Particle Theory of Matter (3)

Particles attract each other

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The Particle Theory of Matter (4)

Particles are always moving

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The Particle Theory of Matter (5)

Particles at a higher temperature move

faster, on average, than particles at a

lower temperature

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The Particle Theory of Matter

1. All matter is made up of tiny particles

2. Each pure substance has its own kind of

particle

3. Particles attract each other

4. Particles are always moving

5. Particles at a higher temperature move

faster, on average, than particles at a lower

temperature

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Classification of Matter

based on Particle Theory of Matter

Matter

2. Mixtures1. Pure Substances

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1. Pure Substance

Is this a pure

substance?

YES NO

water

Salt water

Air

Oxygen

Salad

Contains only one kind of particle

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1. Pure Substance

Contains only one kind of particle

Can be further classified into:

Elements

Compounds

Matter

2. Mixtures1. Pure Substances

1a. Elements 1b. Compounds

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1a. Element

A pure substance

Cannot be broken down further by chemical

or physical methods

Which of the following is an element?

Helium Water

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1b. Compound

A pure substance

Made of two or more different elements that

are chemically combined

Can be broken down into its elements only

by chemical methods

Which of the following is a compound?

Helium Water

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Classification of Matter

based on Particle Theory of Matter

Matter

2. Mixtures1. Pure Substances

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2. Mixture

Matter that contains more than one

kind of particle

Physically combined

Not chemically combined

Can be separated by physical methods

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Separating Mixtures (1)

Filter:

separates solids from

liquids or gases

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Separating Mixtures (2)

Distillation:

Separates liquids in a mixture

Based on boiling point

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Separating Mixtures (3)

Magnet:

Separates iron and steel objects from

other objects

Element, Compound, or Mixture?

Activity 4-3

p.145

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Chemistry, Society and the

Environment

Elements and compounds have many positive

effects on society

Production of energy and materials

Improvement in crop yields

Increased variety of available products

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Chemistry, Society and the

Environment

Use of elements and compounds can also result

in negative consequences

Pollutants released into the atmosphere

and waterways

Accumulation of toxic chemicals in soil

and on food products

Direct exposure of toxic chemicals to

humans

Learning Check

According to the particle theory of

matter, what is a pure substance?

Can a compound be separated into

its elements by filtration? Explain.

Name an element that is a part of

your everyday life, and describe

how you use it.

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Making a Difference

p.147

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Homework

P.148 #3-8