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Raising Underwater Artifacts
Activity 4-1 p.137
Introduction to Chapter 4
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4.1 Studying Matter
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What is matter?
Matter is anything that has mass and
occupies space
Examples: book, desk, air, YOU, etc.
Matter is not energy (eg. fire)
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Classification of Matter
Scientists group materials
Based on different characteristics
One way is based on Particle Theory
of Matter
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The Particle Theory of Matter (1)
All matter is made up of tiny particles
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The Particle Theory of Matter (2)
Each pure substance has its own kind of
particle, which is different from the
particles of other pure substances
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The Particle Theory of Matter (3)
Particles attract each other
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The Particle Theory of Matter (4)
Particles are always moving
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The Particle Theory of Matter (5)
Particles at a higher temperature move
faster, on average, than particles at a
lower temperature
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The Particle Theory of Matter
1. All matter is made up of tiny particles
2. Each pure substance has its own kind of
particle
3. Particles attract each other
4. Particles are always moving
5. Particles at a higher temperature move
faster, on average, than particles at a lower
temperature
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Classification of Matter
based on Particle Theory of Matter
Matter
2. Mixtures1. Pure Substances
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1. Pure Substance
Is this a pure
substance?
YES NO
water
Salt water
Air
Oxygen
Salad
Contains only one kind of particle
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1. Pure Substance
Contains only one kind of particle
Can be further classified into:
Elements
Compounds
Matter
2. Mixtures1. Pure Substances
1a. Elements 1b. Compounds
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1a. Element
A pure substance
Cannot be broken down further by chemical
or physical methods
Which of the following is an element?
Helium Water
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1b. Compound
A pure substance
Made of two or more different elements that
are chemically combined
Can be broken down into its elements only
by chemical methods
Which of the following is a compound?
Helium Water
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Classification of Matter
based on Particle Theory of Matter
Matter
2. Mixtures1. Pure Substances
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2. Mixture
Matter that contains more than one
kind of particle
Physically combined
Not chemically combined
Can be separated by physical methods
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Separating Mixtures (1)
Filter:
separates solids from
liquids or gases
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Separating Mixtures (2)
Distillation:
Separates liquids in a mixture
Based on boiling point
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Separating Mixtures (3)
Magnet:
Separates iron and steel objects from
other objects
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Element, Compound, or Mixture?
Activity 4-3
p.145
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Chemistry, Society and the
Environment
Elements and compounds have many positive
effects on society
Production of energy and materials
Improvement in crop yields
Increased variety of available products
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Chemistry, Society and the
Environment
Use of elements and compounds can also result
in negative consequences
Pollutants released into the atmosphere
and waterways
Accumulation of toxic chemicals in soil
and on food products
Direct exposure of toxic chemicals to
humans
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Learning Check
According to the particle theory of
matter, what is a pure substance?
Can a compound be separated into
its elements by filtration? Explain.
Name an element that is a part of
your everyday life, and describe
how you use it.
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Making a Difference
p.147
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Homework
P.148 #3-8