introduction to army operations. doctrine fm 3-0, pg 1-14, 2001 “ doctrine is the concise...
TRANSCRIPT
INTRODUCTION TO ARMY OPERATIONS
INTRODUCTION TO ARMY OPERATIONS
DoctrineDoctrine
FM 3-0, pg 1-14, 2001FM 3-0, pg 1-14, 2001
“ “ Doctrine is the concise expression Doctrine is the concise expression
of how Army forces contribute to unified of how Army forces contribute to unified
action in campaigns, major operations, action in campaigns, major operations,
battles, and engagements.”battles, and engagements.”
“ “ Doctrine is the concise expression Doctrine is the concise expression
of how Army forces contribute to unified of how Army forces contribute to unified
action in campaigns, major operations, action in campaigns, major operations,
battles, and engagements.”battles, and engagements.”
““It is authoritative, but requires It is authoritative, but requires judgment in application.”judgment in application.” FM 101-5-1, PG 1-FM 101-5-1, PG 1-
55, 199755, 1997
““It is authoritative, but requires It is authoritative, but requires judgment in application.”judgment in application.” FM 101-5-1, PG 1-FM 101-5-1, PG 1-
55, 199755, 1997
TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCESTECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCES
HISTORICAL LESSONSHISTORICAL LESSONS MONETARY RESOURCESMONETARY RESOURCES
DOCTRINE
POLITICAL GOALSPOLITICAL GOALS
AMERICAN SOCIETYAMERICAN SOCIETY
THE SOURCES OF DOCTRINETHE SOURCES OF DOCTRINE
HEADQUARTERSDEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY
TANK ANDMECHANIZED
INFANTRYCOMPANY TEAM
FM 3-0OPERATIONS
FM 3-90.1
FM 7-10TACTICSTACTICS
TECHNIQUESTECHNIQUES
TMs
PROCEDURESPROCEDURES
Doctrinal Hierarchy
NewerFM 100-5 (Jan 93)
Older
HigherFM 3-0
LowerFM 7-10
GeneralFM 7-10
Branch SpecificFM 34-130
FM 3-0 (Jun 01)
FM 3-0 OperationsFM 3-0 Operations
Battlefield Battlefield
FrameworkFramework
Battlefield Operating Battlefield Operating Systems(BOS)Systems(BOS)
Elements of Combat PowerElements of Combat Power
Tenets of Army OperationsTenets of Army Operations
Principles of WarPrinciples of War
Battlefield Battlefield
FrameworkFramework
Battlefield Operating Battlefield Operating Systems(BOS)Systems(BOS)
Elements of Combat PowerElements of Combat Power
Tenets of Army OperationsTenets of Army Operations
Principles of WarPrinciples of War
THE PRINCIPLES OF WAR
THE PRINCIPLES OF WAR
“There’s only one principle of war, and that’s this. Hit the other fellow as quick as you can and as hard as you can, where it hurts him the most, when he ain’t lookin’! “
Field Marshall Viscount Slim,Defeat Into Victory, 1963
PRINCIPLES OF WARPRINCIPLES OF WAR
APPLICABLE AT ALL LEVELS OF APPLICABLE AT ALL LEVELS OF COMMAND.COMMAND. APPLY AS WELL TODAY AS APPLY AS WELL TODAY AS CENTURIES AGO.CENTURIES AGO.NOT A CHECKLIST. NOT A CHECKLIST.
APPLICABLE AT ALL LEVELS OF APPLICABLE AT ALL LEVELS OF COMMAND.COMMAND. APPLY AS WELL TODAY AS APPLY AS WELL TODAY AS CENTURIES AGO.CENTURIES AGO.NOT A CHECKLIST. NOT A CHECKLIST.
PRINCIPLES OF WARPRINCIPLES OF WAR
OBJECTIVEOBJECTIVE OFFENSIVEOFFENSIVE MASSMASS ECONOMY OF FORCEECONOMY OF FORCE MANEUVERMANEUVER UNITY OF COMMANDUNITY OF COMMAND SECURITYSECURITY SURPRISESURPRISE SIMPLICITYSIMPLICITY
OBJECTIVEOBJECTIVE OFFENSIVEOFFENSIVE MASSMASS ECONOMY OF FORCEECONOMY OF FORCE MANEUVERMANEUVER UNITY OF COMMANDUNITY OF COMMAND SECURITYSECURITY SURPRISESURPRISE SIMPLICITYSIMPLICITY
FM 3-0, pp 4-11 to 4-15FM 3-0, pp 4-11 to 4-15
OBJECTIVEOBJECTIVE
““DIRECT EVERY MILITARY DIRECT EVERY MILITARY OPERATION TOWARDS A CLEARLY OPERATION TOWARDS A CLEARLY
DEFINED, DECISIVE, AND DEFINED, DECISIVE, AND ATTAINABLE OBJECTIVE.”ATTAINABLE OBJECTIVE.”
““DIRECT EVERY MILITARY DIRECT EVERY MILITARY OPERATION TOWARDS A CLEARLY OPERATION TOWARDS A CLEARLY
DEFINED, DECISIVE, AND DEFINED, DECISIVE, AND ATTAINABLE OBJECTIVE.”ATTAINABLE OBJECTIVE.”
FM 3-0, p. 4-12FM 3-0, p. 4-12
OBJECTIVEOBJECTIVE
““Our objectives are clear. Saddam Our objectives are clear. Saddam Hussein’s forces will leave Kuwait. The Hussein’s forces will leave Kuwait. The legitimate government of Kuwait will be legitimate government of Kuwait will be restored to its rightful place and Kuwait restored to its rightful place and Kuwait will once again be free.”will once again be free.”
President George BushPresident George Bush
address to the nationaddress to the nation
(January 16, 1991)(January 16, 1991)
““Our objectives are clear. Saddam Our objectives are clear. Saddam Hussein’s forces will leave Kuwait. The Hussein’s forces will leave Kuwait. The legitimate government of Kuwait will be legitimate government of Kuwait will be restored to its rightful place and Kuwait restored to its rightful place and Kuwait will once again be free.”will once again be free.”
President George BushPresident George Bush
address to the nationaddress to the nation
(January 16, 1991)(January 16, 1991)
OFFENSIVEOFFENSIVE
““SEIZE, RETAIN, AND EXPLOITSEIZE, RETAIN, AND EXPLOIT
THE INITIATIVE.THE INITIATIVE.
““SEIZE, RETAIN, AND EXPLOITSEIZE, RETAIN, AND EXPLOIT
THE INITIATIVE.THE INITIATIVE.
FM 3-0 p. 4-13FM 3-0 p. 4-13
OFFENSIVEOFFENSIVE
““Our strategy to go Our strategy to go after this army is after this army is very, very simple. very, very simple. First, we’re going to First, we’re going to cut it off, then we’re cut it off, then we’re going to kill it.”going to kill it.”
General Colin PowellGeneral Colin Powell
January 23, 1991January 23, 1991
““Our strategy to go Our strategy to go after this army is after this army is very, very simple. very, very simple. First, we’re going to First, we’re going to cut it off, then we’re cut it off, then we’re going to kill it.”going to kill it.”
General Colin PowellGeneral Colin Powell
January 23, 1991January 23, 1991
MASSMASS
““CONCENTRATE THE EFFECTS OF CONCENTRATE THE EFFECTS OF COMBAT POWER AT THE DECISIVE COMBAT POWER AT THE DECISIVE
PLACE AND TIME.”PLACE AND TIME.”
““CONCENTRATE THE EFFECTS OF CONCENTRATE THE EFFECTS OF COMBAT POWER AT THE DECISIVE COMBAT POWER AT THE DECISIVE
PLACE AND TIME.”PLACE AND TIME.”
FM 3-0, p. 4-13FM 3-0, p. 4-13
MASS
MASS
““Move upon the enemy Move upon the enemy in one mass on one in one mass on one line so that when line so that when brought to battle you brought to battle you shall outnumber him, shall outnumber him, and from such a and from such a direction that you direction that you compromise him.”compromise him.”
Napoleon (1769-1821)Napoleon (1769-1821)
““Move upon the enemy Move upon the enemy in one mass on one in one mass on one line so that when line so that when brought to battle you brought to battle you shall outnumber him, shall outnumber him, and from such a and from such a direction that you direction that you compromise him.”compromise him.”
Napoleon (1769-1821)Napoleon (1769-1821)
ECONOMY OF FORCEECONOMY OF FORCE
““ALLOCATE MINIMUM ESSENTIAL ALLOCATE MINIMUM ESSENTIAL COMBAT POWERCOMBAT POWER
TO SECONDARY EFFORTS.”TO SECONDARY EFFORTS.”
““ALLOCATE MINIMUM ESSENTIAL ALLOCATE MINIMUM ESSENTIAL COMBAT POWERCOMBAT POWER
TO SECONDARY EFFORTS.”TO SECONDARY EFFORTS.”
FM 3-0, p. 4-13FM 3-0, p. 4-13
ECONOMY OF FORCEECONOMY OF FORCE
““Using an economy of force in Europe Using an economy of force in Europe and elsewhere in the world, the United and elsewhere in the world, the United States was able to ‘concentrate combat States was able to ‘concentrate combat power at the decisive place and time.’ ”power at the decisive place and time.’ ”
Harry SummersHarry Summers
A Critical AnalysisA Critical Analysis
of the Gulf Warof the Gulf War
““Using an economy of force in Europe Using an economy of force in Europe and elsewhere in the world, the United and elsewhere in the world, the United States was able to ‘concentrate combat States was able to ‘concentrate combat power at the decisive place and time.’ ”power at the decisive place and time.’ ”
Harry SummersHarry Summers
A Critical AnalysisA Critical Analysis
of the Gulf Warof the Gulf War
MANEUVERMANEUVER
““PLACE THE ENEMY IN A PLACE THE ENEMY IN A DISADVANTAGEOUS POSITION THROUGHDISADVANTAGEOUS POSITION THROUGH
THE FLEXIBLE APPLICATION OF THE FLEXIBLE APPLICATION OF COMBAT POWER.”COMBAT POWER.”
““PLACE THE ENEMY IN A PLACE THE ENEMY IN A DISADVANTAGEOUS POSITION THROUGHDISADVANTAGEOUS POSITION THROUGH
THE FLEXIBLE APPLICATION OF THE FLEXIBLE APPLICATION OF COMBAT POWER.”COMBAT POWER.”
FM 3-0, p. 4-14FM 3-0, p. 4-14
MANEUVERMANEUVER
““Battles are won by Battles are won by slaughter and slaughter and maneuver. The greater maneuver. The greater the general, the more the general, the more he contributes in he contributes in maneuver, the less he maneuver, the less he demands in slaughter”demands in slaughter”
Sir Winston ChurchillSir Winston Churchill
19231923
““Battles are won by Battles are won by slaughter and slaughter and maneuver. The greater maneuver. The greater the general, the more the general, the more he contributes in he contributes in maneuver, the less he maneuver, the less he demands in slaughter”demands in slaughter”
Sir Winston ChurchillSir Winston Churchill
19231923
UNITY OF COMMANDUNITY OF COMMAND
““FOR EVERY OBJECTIVE, FOR EVERY OBJECTIVE, ENSURE UNITY OF EFFORT UNDER ENSURE UNITY OF EFFORT UNDER ONE RESPONSIBLE COMMANDER.”ONE RESPONSIBLE COMMANDER.”
““FOR EVERY OBJECTIVE, FOR EVERY OBJECTIVE, ENSURE UNITY OF EFFORT UNDER ENSURE UNITY OF EFFORT UNDER ONE RESPONSIBLE COMMANDER.”ONE RESPONSIBLE COMMANDER.”
FM 3-0, p. 4-14FM 3-0, p. 4-14
UNITY OF COMMANDUNITY OF
COMMAND““Nothing in war is Nothing in war is
more important than more important than unity of command. unity of command. Thus, when war is Thus, when war is raged against a single raged against a single power there must be power there must be but one army, acting but one army, acting on one line and led by on one line and led by one chief.”one chief.”
Napoleon (1769-1821)Napoleon (1769-1821)
““Nothing in war is Nothing in war is more important than more important than unity of command. unity of command. Thus, when war is Thus, when war is raged against a single raged against a single power there must be power there must be but one army, acting but one army, acting on one line and led by on one line and led by one chief.”one chief.”
Napoleon (1769-1821)Napoleon (1769-1821)
SECURITYSECURITY
““NEVER PERMIT THE ENEMY TONEVER PERMIT THE ENEMY TO
ACQUIRE AN UNEXPECTEDACQUIRE AN UNEXPECTED
ADVANTAGE.”ADVANTAGE.”
““NEVER PERMIT THE ENEMY TONEVER PERMIT THE ENEMY TO
ACQUIRE AN UNEXPECTEDACQUIRE AN UNEXPECTED
ADVANTAGE.”ADVANTAGE.”
FM 3-0, p. 4-14FM 3-0, p. 4-14
SECURITYSECURITY
““A general who takes nothing for granted A general who takes nothing for granted is secure in war.”is secure in war.”
The Emporer Maurice,The Emporer Maurice,
The Strategicon The Strategicon AD 600AD 600
““A general who takes nothing for granted A general who takes nothing for granted is secure in war.”is secure in war.”
The Emporer Maurice,The Emporer Maurice,
The Strategicon The Strategicon AD 600AD 600
SURPRISESURPRISE
““STRIKE THE ENEMY AT A TIME OR STRIKE THE ENEMY AT A TIME OR PLACE, OR IN A MANNER, FOR WHICH PLACE, OR IN A MANNER, FOR WHICH HE IS UNPREPARED.”HE IS UNPREPARED.”
““STRIKE THE ENEMY AT A TIME OR STRIKE THE ENEMY AT A TIME OR PLACE, OR IN A MANNER, FOR WHICH PLACE, OR IN A MANNER, FOR WHICH HE IS UNPREPARED.”HE IS UNPREPARED.”
FM 3-0, p. 4-14FM 3-0, p. 4-14
SURPRISESURPRISE
““...once the air campaign started, he ...once the air campaign started, he would be incapable of moving out to would be incapable of moving out to counter (the allied shift to the west in counter (the allied shift to the west in preparation for a flank attack) even if he preparation for a flank attack) even if he knew we made it.”knew we made it.”
General SchwarzkopfGeneral Schwarzkopf
““...once the air campaign started, he ...once the air campaign started, he would be incapable of moving out to would be incapable of moving out to counter (the allied shift to the west in counter (the allied shift to the west in preparation for a flank attack) even if he preparation for a flank attack) even if he knew we made it.”knew we made it.”
General SchwarzkopfGeneral Schwarzkopf
SIMPLICITYSIMPLICITY
““PREPARE CLEAR, UNCOMPLICATED PREPARE CLEAR, UNCOMPLICATED PLANS AND CLEAR, CONCISE PLANS AND CLEAR, CONCISE
ORDERS TO ENSURE THOROUGH ORDERS TO ENSURE THOROUGH UNDERSTANDING.”UNDERSTANDING.”
““PREPARE CLEAR, UNCOMPLICATED PREPARE CLEAR, UNCOMPLICATED PLANS AND CLEAR, CONCISE PLANS AND CLEAR, CONCISE
ORDERS TO ENSURE THOROUGH ORDERS TO ENSURE THOROUGH UNDERSTANDING.”UNDERSTANDING.”
FM 3-0, p. 4-15FM 3-0, p. 4-15
SIMPLICITYSIMPLICITY
““And the principle of simplicity serves And the principle of simplicity serves another function as well. It is a kind of another function as well. It is a kind of litmus test against which the other litmus test against which the other principles can be measured.”principles can be measured.”
Harry SummersHarry Summers
A Critical Analysis A Critical Analysis
of the Gulf Warof the Gulf War
““And the principle of simplicity serves And the principle of simplicity serves another function as well. It is a kind of another function as well. It is a kind of litmus test against which the other litmus test against which the other principles can be measured.”principles can be measured.”
Harry SummersHarry Summers
A Critical Analysis A Critical Analysis
of the Gulf Warof the Gulf War
APPLICATION
of the
PRINCIPLES OF WAR
APPLICATION
of the
PRINCIPLES OF WAR
““The art of war owns certainThe art of war owns certain elements and fixed principles. elements and fixed principles. We must acquire that theory, We must acquire that theory, and and lodge it in our heads lodge it in our heads --otherwise we will never get otherwise we will never get very far.” very far.” -Frederick The Great-Frederick The Great
““The art of war owns certainThe art of war owns certain elements and fixed principles. elements and fixed principles. We must acquire that theory, We must acquire that theory, and and lodge it in our heads lodge it in our heads --otherwise we will never get otherwise we will never get very far.” very far.” -Frederick The Great-Frederick The Great
Tenets of Army Operations
Tenets of Army Operations
• • InitiativeInitiative
• • AgilityAgility
• • DepthDepth
• • SynchronizationSynchronization
• • VersatilityVersatility
• • InitiativeInitiative
• • AgilityAgility
• • DepthDepth
• • SynchronizationSynchronization
• • VersatilityVersatility
InitiativeInitiativeSetting or dictating the terms of action
throughout the battle or operation.
Setting or dictating the terms of action throughout the battle or operation.
• Initiative RequiresInitiative Requires::
• OffensiveOffensive
• Anticipation of Likely Enemy COAsAnticipation of Likely Enemy COAs
• AudacityAudacity
• Seize Opportunity Within Scope of Seize Opportunity Within Scope of Commander’s Concept Commander’s Concept
• • The Goal: Creation of a Fluid Situation in The Goal: Creation of a Fluid Situation in Which the Enemy Loses Control of EventsWhich the Enemy Loses Control of Events
• Initiative RequiresInitiative Requires::
• OffensiveOffensive
• Anticipation of Likely Enemy COAsAnticipation of Likely Enemy COAs
• AudacityAudacity
• Seize Opportunity Within Scope of Seize Opportunity Within Scope of Commander’s Concept Commander’s Concept
• • The Goal: Creation of a Fluid Situation in The Goal: Creation of a Fluid Situation in Which the Enemy Loses Control of EventsWhich the Enemy Loses Control of Events
AgilityAgilityTactical agility is the ability of a friendly
force to react faster than the enemy.
Tactical agility is the ability of a friendly
force to react faster than the enemy.• Agility RequiresAgility Requires::
• Continuous Reading of the BattlefieldContinuous Reading of the Battlefield• Willingness to Act on Incomplete Willingness to Act on Incomplete
InformationInformation• Rapid Decisions and OrdersRapid Decisions and Orders• Units Physically and Psychologically Units Physically and Psychologically
Capable of Rapid Reorientation and Capable of Rapid Reorientation and MovementMovement
• • The Goal: Repeated Concentration of Friendly The Goal: Repeated Concentration of Friendly Strength Against Enemy WeaknessStrength Against Enemy Weakness
• Agility RequiresAgility Requires::• Continuous Reading of the BattlefieldContinuous Reading of the Battlefield• Willingness to Act on Incomplete Willingness to Act on Incomplete
InformationInformation• Rapid Decisions and OrdersRapid Decisions and Orders• Units Physically and Psychologically Units Physically and Psychologically
Capable of Rapid Reorientation and Capable of Rapid Reorientation and MovementMovement
• • The Goal: Repeated Concentration of Friendly The Goal: Repeated Concentration of Friendly Strength Against Enemy WeaknessStrength Against Enemy Weakness
DepthDepthThe extension of operations in
time, space, and resources.
The extension of operations in time, space, and resources.
• • Depth RequiresDepth Requires::• Fight the Enemy Throughout Depth of His DispositionFight the Enemy Throughout Depth of His Disposition• Adjust Main Effort to Exploit OpportunitiesAdjust Main Effort to Exploit Opportunities• Attack of Uncommitted Enemy Forces and Support Attack of Uncommitted Enemy Forces and Support
FacilitiesFacilities• Retention of Effective ReservesRetention of Effective Reserves• Aggressive Projection of the Current Battle Into The Aggressive Projection of the Current Battle Into The
Enemy’s Rear AreasEnemy’s Rear Areas• Continuity of SustainmentContinuity of Sustainment
•• The Goal: Momentum in the Attack and Elasticity in the The Goal: Momentum in the Attack and Elasticity in the
DefenseDefense
• • Depth RequiresDepth Requires::• Fight the Enemy Throughout Depth of His DispositionFight the Enemy Throughout Depth of His Disposition• Adjust Main Effort to Exploit OpportunitiesAdjust Main Effort to Exploit Opportunities• Attack of Uncommitted Enemy Forces and Support Attack of Uncommitted Enemy Forces and Support
FacilitiesFacilities• Retention of Effective ReservesRetention of Effective Reserves• Aggressive Projection of the Current Battle Into The Aggressive Projection of the Current Battle Into The
Enemy’s Rear AreasEnemy’s Rear Areas• Continuity of SustainmentContinuity of Sustainment
•• The Goal: Momentum in the Attack and Elasticity in the The Goal: Momentum in the Attack and Elasticity in the
DefenseDefense
SynchronizationSynchronizationIs arranging activities in time, space, and
purpose to mass maximum relative combat
power at a decisive place and time
Is arranging activities in time, space, and
purpose to mass maximum relative combat
power at a decisive place and time
• • Synchronization RequiresSynchronization Requires::• Understanding of the Complementary and Understanding of the Complementary and
Reinforcing Effects of Combined ArmsReinforcing Effects of Combined Arms• Knowledge of Enemy Capabilities and Knowledge of Enemy Capabilities and
VulnerabilitiesVulnerabilities• Careful and Complete Planning and Careful and Complete Planning and
CoordinationCoordination• Mastery of Time-Space RelationshipsMastery of Time-Space Relationships• Continuity of SustainmentContinuity of Sustainment
• • The Goal: Every Asset Focused at the Decisive The Goal: Every Asset Focused at the Decisive
Time and PlaceTime and Place
• • Synchronization RequiresSynchronization Requires::• Understanding of the Complementary and Understanding of the Complementary and
Reinforcing Effects of Combined ArmsReinforcing Effects of Combined Arms• Knowledge of Enemy Capabilities and Knowledge of Enemy Capabilities and
VulnerabilitiesVulnerabilities• Careful and Complete Planning and Careful and Complete Planning and
CoordinationCoordination• Mastery of Time-Space RelationshipsMastery of Time-Space Relationships• Continuity of SustainmentContinuity of Sustainment
• • The Goal: Every Asset Focused at the Decisive The Goal: Every Asset Focused at the Decisive
Time and PlaceTime and Place
VersatilityVersatilityThe ability of Army Forces to meet the
global, diverse mission requirements of full spectrum operations.
The ability of Army Forces to meet the global, diverse mission requirements of
full spectrum operations.
• Must Be Able to:Must Be Able to:• Shift FocusShift Focus• Tailor ForcesTailor Forces• Quickly Change Mission or RoleQuickly Change Mission or Role
• • Multifunctional RequirementsMultifunctional Requirements
• • Flexible Transition From One Type of Mission to Flexible Transition From One Type of Mission to
Another TypeAnother Type
• Must Be Able to:Must Be Able to:• Shift FocusShift Focus• Tailor ForcesTailor Forces• Quickly Change Mission or RoleQuickly Change Mission or Role
• • Multifunctional RequirementsMultifunctional Requirements
• • Flexible Transition From One Type of Mission to Flexible Transition From One Type of Mission to
Another TypeAnother Type
Army OperationsArmy OperationsThe Levels of WarThe Levels of War
A Nation or Group of Nations Use National Interest to A Nation or Group of Nations Use National Interest to Determine Their Strategy to Ensure an Effective, Determine Their Strategy to Ensure an Effective, Responsive National Power Projection Capability . . . Responsive National Power Projection Capability . . . Involves the Art and Science of Employing Armed Involves the Art and Science of Employing Armed Forces With Other Instruments of National Power to Forces With Other Instruments of National Power to Secure Strategic Goals.Secure Strategic Goals.
Link Between National - and Theater - Strategic Link Between National - and Theater - Strategic Aims/Goals and the Tactical Employment of Forces on Aims/Goals and the Tactical Employment of Forces on the Battlefield. Usually Joint, Translating Strategic the Battlefield. Usually Joint, Translating Strategic Goals Into Campaign Plans That When Successfully Goals Into Campaign Plans That When Successfully Executed Will Accomplish the Strategic AimsExecuted Will Accomplish the Strategic Aims
Battles and Engagements Planned and Executed to Battles and Engagements Planned and Executed to Accomplish Military Objectives. The Victories, Put Accomplish Military Objectives. The Victories, Put Together, Achieve Operational Results.Together, Achieve Operational Results.
OPERATIONAL
STRATEGIC
TACTICAL
LEVELS OF WARLEVELS OF WAR
ENGAGEMENTENGAGEMENT
ENGAGEMENTENGAGEMENT
ENGAGEMENTENGAGEMENT
ENGAGEMENTENGAGEMENT
ENGAGEMENTENGAGEMENT
ENGAGEMENTENGAGEMENT
ENGAGEMENTENGAGEMENT
ENGAGEMENTENGAGEMENT
ENGAGEMENTENGAGEMENT
ENGAGEMENTENGAGEMENT
ENGAGEMENTENGAGEMENT
ENGAGEMENTENGAGEMENT
ENGAGEMENTENGAGEMENT
ENGAGEMENTENGAGEMENT
ENGAGEMENTENGAGEMENT
ENGAGEMENTENGAGEMENT
BATTLEBATTLEBATTLEBATTLE
MAJOR OPNSMAJOR OPNSMAJOR OPNSMAJOR OPNS
MAJOR OPNSMAJOR OPNSMAJOR OPNSMAJOR OPNS
BATTLEBATTLEBATTLEBATTLE
BATTLEBATTLEBATTLEBATTLE
BATTLEBATTLEBATTLEBATTLE
CAMPAIGNCAMPAIGNCAMPAIGNCAMPAIGNSTRATEGIC GOALSSTRATEGIC GOALS
POLICY AIMSPOLICY AIMS
STRATEGIC GOALSSTRATEGIC GOALS
POLICY AIMSPOLICY AIMS
TheaterTheaterTheaterTheater Armies/Armies/CorpsCorps
Armies/Armies/CorpsCorps
Corps/Div/BdeCorps/Div/BdeCorps/Div/BdeCorps/Div/Bde Bde &Bde & SmallerSmallerBde &Bde &
SmallerSmaller
ELEMENTS
OF COMBAT POWER
ELEMENTS
OF COMBAT POWER
FM 3-0 pg 4-3 to 4-10FM 3-0 pg 4-3 to 4-10
MANEUVERMANEUVER
FIREPOWERFIREPOWER
LEADERSHIPLEADERSHIP
PROTECTIONPROTECTION
INFORMATIONINFORMATION
MANEUVERMANEUVER
FIREPOWERFIREPOWER
LEADERSHIPLEADERSHIP
PROTECTIONPROTECTION
INFORMATIONINFORMATION
BATTLEFIELD OPERATING SYSTEMS
BATTLEFIELD OPERATING SYSTEMS
• • INTELLIGENCEINTELLIGENCE
• • MANEUVERMANEUVER
• • FIRE SUPPORTFIRE SUPPORT
• • AIR DEFENSEAIR DEFENSE
• • MOBILITY, C-MOBILITY, SURVIVABILITYMOBILITY, C-MOBILITY, SURVIVABILITY
• • COMBAT SERVICE SUPPORTCOMBAT SERVICE SUPPORT
• • COMMAND AND CONTROLCOMMAND AND CONTROL
• • INTELLIGENCEINTELLIGENCE
• • MANEUVERMANEUVER
• • FIRE SUPPORTFIRE SUPPORT
• • AIR DEFENSEAIR DEFENSE
• • MOBILITY, C-MOBILITY, SURVIVABILITYMOBILITY, C-MOBILITY, SURVIVABILITY
• • COMBAT SERVICE SUPPORTCOMBAT SERVICE SUPPORT
• • COMMAND AND CONTROLCOMMAND AND CONTROL
Figure 2-1. Doctrinal Hierarchy of OperationsFM 3-90, Ch 2, page 2-2
TYPES OF MILITARY
OPNS
TYPES OF TACTICAL ENABLING
OPNS
•TROOP MOVEMENT– Administrative Movement– Approach March– Road March
•COMBINED ARMS BREACH OPERATIONS•RIVER CROSSING OPERATIONS•RELIEF IN PLACE•PASSAGE OF LINES•TACTICAL INFORMATION OPERATIONS
•RECONNAISSANCE OPERATIONS– Zone– Area– Route– Reconnaissance in Force
•SECURITY OPERATIONS– Screen– Guard– Cover
– Area (includes route and convoy)
– Local
TYPES OF ENABLING
OPNSINFORMATION OPERATIONS COMBAT SERVICE SUPPORT
OFFENSE
— Envelopment— Turning Movement— Frontal Attack— Penetration— Infiltration
FORMS OF MANEUVER
—MOVEMENT TO CONTACT– Search and Attack
—ATTACK– Ambush*– Counterattack*– Demonstration*– Spoiling Attack*
—EXPLOITATION—PURSUIT
– Feint*– Raid*
TYPES OF OFFENSIVE OPNS
DEFENSE
— AREA DEFENSE
— MOBILE DEFENSE
— RETROGRADE OPERATIONS
– Delay– Withdrawal– Retirement
TYPES OF DEFENSIVE
OPNS
STABILITY
— PEACE OPNS— FOREIGN INTERNAL
DEFENSE— SECURITY ASSIST— HUMANITARIAN & CIVIC
ASSIST— SUPPORT TO
INSURGENCIES— SUPPORT TO CD OPNS— CBTING TERRORISM— NONCOMBATANT
EVACUATION OPNS— ARMS CONTROL— SHOW OF FORCE
TYPES OF STABILITY OPNS
– Relief Opns– Support to
Incidents Involving WMD
– SPT to Civil Law Enforcement
– Community Assistance
FORMS OF SUPPORT
OPNS
SUPPORT
TYPES OF SUPPORT
OPERATIONS— DOMESTIC SPT
OPNS— FOREIGN
HUMANITARIAN ASSISTANCE
TYPES OF MILITARY
OPNSAND
THEIR SUBORD-
INATEFORMS
*Also known asspecial purposeattacks
Doctrinal Hierarchy of Operations
AOR
SupportSupport
ZoneZone
SupportLine
Limit of Responsibility
(LOR)
BattleBattle
ZoneZone
DisruptionDisruption
ZoneZone
BattleLine
LOR
ENEMYENEMY
Battlefield Framework: Linear
“Contiguous”
AORAOR
SupportSupportZoneZone
Battle ZoneBattle Zone
DisruptionZone
LOR
SubordinateLOR
SupportSupportZoneZone
Battle ZoneBattle Zone
SupportSupportZoneZone
Battle ZoneBattle Zone
Battlefield Framework: Non-Linear or “Non-Contiguous”
INTRODUCTIONTO ARMY OPERATIONS
INTRODUCTIONTO ARMY OPERATIONS