Introduction to AP Human GeographyMovement

Movement

Movement of people = migration (Unit 2)Movement of ideas/culture = “diffusion” (Unit 3)

hearth = place or node of originationDiffusion = process by which a characteristic spreads from one

place or society (node or hearth) à another.

What sorts of things “diffuse?”• Myths + ideas!• People / cultural + social institutions• Wars / conflict• Technology• Gossip • Disease • Fashion/ art/ architecture

Main Types of Diffusion:

• Relocation diffusion: through physical movement/migration. People migrate, take their culture with them. (idea is physically carried from A è B, sometimes over big barriers)

• Expansion diffusion: spread without physical relocation from one place to more places in a snowballing process as more people/area is exposed. In process, it remains + often strengthens in the origin area.• Contagious, Hierarchical , Stimulus

Expansion:

•Contagious Diffusion–A form of expansion diffusion in which

nearly all adjacent individuals + places are affected.

–Begins @ point of origin + then moves quickly outward to nearby locations;spreads throughout the population like a flu/disease.

–Examples?: –gossip, movement of news, social

media, youtube- going “viral,” disease

Expansion: Hierarchical Diffusion

• spread of an idea/innovation through nodes of power or influence or authority• from 1st order persons or nodes to other persons or nodes • from more influential people to progressively less influential

people• from larger nodes to progressively smaller nodes

Hierarchical - Devil Wear’s Prada:

Devil Wear’s Prada Example:

What was diffusing in this video? How did it diffuse?

• Hierarchical Diffusion– The spread of a feature or trend

from one key person or node of authority or power (1st order location) + then down to other persons or places.

When did it become contagious?

Paris, NYC, LA

Major fashion houses; designers

Editors/writers of magazines

Models

Celebrities

Instagram followers; subscribers to magazines

Shoppers in retail stores + malls (this is when it has become contagious)

Sales rack! (this is when it has become contagious)

Facebook: Hierarchical à Contagious

Expansion – Stimulus Diffusion• idea/innovation is adopted in a modified form• A general or underlying principle diffuses +

stimulates creation of new products/ideas

McDonalds - U.S.A & India – vegetarian options (also _____________)

Movement (of ideas/culture = “diffusion”)hearth = place of origination

1) Relocation diffusion spread thru migration2) Expansion diffusion = spread without physical relocation, snow ball effect as more people/area exposed

a) Contagious• fast, widespread to those in contact or adjacent (like disease)

b) Hierarchical • spread through nodes of power or influence or authority

c) Stimulus • underlying principles/idea spread but not end product

Movement (of ideas/culture = “diffusion”)• Barriers to diffusion

• physical and cultural barriers • distance

• “distance decay” (Tobler’s Law)

• Time-space compression • reduction of time it takes for

diffusion• especially quickened by technology

(adv. trans, telecomm., the internet)• Driving force behind globalization

Globalization

set of processes that are:- increasing interactions- deepening relationships- heightening

interdependence

without regard to country borders

set of outcomes that are:- unevenly distributed- varying across scales- differently manifested

throughout the world.

“Site and Situation”• site = what gives a location its distinctive character (land, labor

and capital) (combines absolute location w/place characteristics)• situation = how the “site” factors give this location importance

(what connections does it facilitate? what advantages does the site factor give?) (relative location and movement)

• London• Site:

• island • North Atlantic • Thames River = estuary

• Situation• protected from invasion • ideal for triangular trade

New York City “Site and Situation”Site

• island• large, natural, deep-

water harbor• Atlantic coast• mouth of Hudson River

Situation• ideal for shipping

• docks numerous and protected• connect to Europe

• triangular trade, • connects to the interior

• Erie Canal (1825)• before RRs• ship through Great Lakes• access to raw materials

• center of commerce and trade• overtakes Philly as largest port

• fresh water supply for huge pop.

New York City “Site and Situation”

Globalization Document Analysis• The prompt: “Has the world changed for the better

or worse as a result of globalization?”• Small Group Instructions:

1. IN NOTEBOOKS, answer ALL document analysis questions. DON’T WRITE IN PACKET!

2. After discussing questions, complete POSITIVES & NEGATIVES graphic organizer. CITE DOCS in parentheses (Doc 1)!

3. After weighing arguments on both sides, write a 1-2 sentence thesis statement summarizing your group’s argument on globalization. You may use my sentence starter, but you don’t have to.

Globalization Persuasive Paragraph• The prompt: “Has the world changed for the better or

worse as a result of globalization?”• Task:

• Write a 1 paragraph (1 pg. max) in response to the prompt above. A full paragraph is at least 7 sentences.

• Your persuasive paragraph should include:• Claim: Start paragraph with a 1 sentence thesis aka

claim. I want you to take a clear position.• Evidence: At least 3 pieces of document evidence

cited in parentheses (Doc 1). You may include outside evidence, but be sure to use info from 3 documents.

• Link: Explanation of how each piece of evidence supports your argument.