introduction to animal science. competency: investigate agriculture animals in order to build a...
TRANSCRIPT
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Introduction to Animal Science
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Competency:
• Investigate agriculture animals in order to build a foundational knowledge for advanced animal science studies
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ANIMAL DOMESTICATION
Adapting animal behavior to fit the needs of people.
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REASONS FOR DOMESTICATION
• To ensure a steadier supply of food and clothing
• Companionship• Assist in labor
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RESULTS OF DOMESTICATION
• Less dependence on hunting and wild plants for food
• A surer source of food and clothing• A more settled way of life• Selective breeding
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WHAT IS SELECTIVE BREEDING?
Selecting animals with certain desirable characteristics to use for breeding purposes
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ORIGIN OF CATTLE
• Bos taurus- European cattle• Bos indicus- Humped cattle from
tropical countries. – India
• First brought to the U.S. by Columbus
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ORIGIN OF CATTLE
• Major growth of large herds in great plains states because of grazing.
• Midwest and north central states became the main area for finishing cattle because of grain.
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ORIGIN OF SWINE
• Sus scrofa and Sus vittatus.• Chinese were first to tame pigs.• Brought to new world by Columbus• DeSoto took hogs westward• Midwestern cornbelt states
became largest hog producing area
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ORIGIN OF SHEEP
• One of the first animals tamed by humans
• Brought to new world by Columbus• Used by colonists mainly for wool• Northeast and Western states are
main sheep producing areas
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ORIGIN OF GOATS
• Pasang and Grecian Ibex- Wild goats found in Asia Minor
• Goats brought to new world for milk and hair
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ORIGIN OF HORSES
• Evolved from Eohippus• First tamed in Asia or Persia• Brought to new world by Columbus• Horses were left behind by
explorers• Brought to new world for work
animals
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ORIGIN OF POULTRY
• Gallus gallus- Wild jungle fowl, ancestor of tame chickens
• Turkeys were probably tamed by people originally living in America
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Objective
• Animal Science Terms 1.01• Define terms used to identify
animals by sex, age, & physical traits in the beef, swine, and poultry industry
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Terms
Description: Cattle SwinePoultry
Male not castrated
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Objective
• Breeds 1.02• Identify the major breeds of beef,
swine, and poultry
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Beef Breeds
• Angus– Black– Polled– Originated in Scotland– It is the most “registered” purebred– High in carcass quality
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Angus
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Beef Breeds
• Hereford– Red and White face– Horns– Originated in England– Docile
• Gentle temperament
– Good foragers• Efficient converters of forage crops
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Hereford
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Beef Breeds
• Charolais– White to light straw colored– Horned– Large framed– Originated in France
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Charolais
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Charolais
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Beef Breeds
• Brahman– Light Gray to Black or Red– Originated in India– Pronounced hump– Loose Dewlap– Insect tolerant– Disease tolerant
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Brahman
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Shorthorn
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Polled Hereford
• Developed from the horned Hereford breed
• Originated in 1901• Warren Gammon• Des Moines, Iowa
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Polled Hereford
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Limousin
• Native to the south central part of France
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Beefmaster
• Developed from:– Brahman
– Hereford
– Shorthorn
• Developed by Ed Lasater in 1908
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Beefmaster (Bull)
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Texas Longhorn
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Chianina (pronounced kee-a-nee-na)
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Dairy Breeds
• Holstein– 90% of the dairy cattle in the US– Black and white– Leading producer of milk– Produce about 18,000 lbs. Of milk per
cow per year
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Holstein
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Other Dairy Breeds Jersey
Cream to light fawn to almost black Number one in milk fat
Guernsey Fawn and white
Ayrshire Cherry red and white
Brown Swiss Solid brown
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Jersey
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Guernsey
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Ayrshire
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Brown Swiss
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Identifying Breeds of Swine
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American Landrace
• White• Long Body• Big loped forward ears• Large litters• Good mothering ability• Originated in Denmark
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American Landrace
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Duroc
• Red• Drooped ears• Good growth rate• Excellent feed conversion
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Duroc
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Hampshire
• Black with a white belt• Erect ears• Good muscle• Carcass leanness
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Hampshire
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Yorkshire
• White• Erect ears• Large litters• Good feed efficiency• Excellent growth and mothering
ability• Long carcass
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Yorkshire
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Poland China
• Drooped ears• Black and white• Sound in its feet and legs
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Poland China
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Chester White
• Chester County, Pennsylvania• Intermingled English breeds
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Chester White
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Tamworth
• English breed• Ireland • Bacon-type
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Tamworth
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Berkshire
• Black and white• Erect ears• Fast and efficient growth• Reproductive efficiency• Cleanness• Meatiness
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Berkshire
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Spotted Swine
• Popular with farmers and commercial swine producers for their ability to transmit their fast-gaining, feed efficient, meat qualities to their offspring
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Spotted Swine
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Identifying Breeds of Poultry
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Breeds, Varieties, Types & Classes
• Breed- group of related fowl that breed true for a specific trait
• Type- purpose for which it is breed
(meat or egg type)• Classes- geographic origin
(Mediterranean, American, English and Asiatic)
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Egg Producers
Layers- chickens that produce eggs• White egg producers- small in size
– White Leghorns- white plumage
• Brown Egg producers- larger birds that
are not as economical as Leghorns– Rhode Island Reds- dark red plumage– New Hampshires- red plumage– Plymouth Rocks- white plumage
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Meat Producers
• Chickens used for meat production are called Broilers
• Birds used for meat production are usually commercial crosses– Example: White Plymouth Rock
females mated to Cornish (English class) males
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Turkeys
Broad Breasted White• White plumage• Shanks, feet, and beak is white to pink• White pinfeathers
– Increases the value of the carcass
• Can survive better in hotter climates• Good body confirmation but smaller
than other breeds
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Turkeys
Broad Breasted Bronze• Black plumage• Dark colored pinfeathers• Largest of the turkey
varieties• Poor fertility and
reproductive problems– Males are not good breeders
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Turkeys
Beltsville Small Whites• Developed by the USDA• Similar to the Broad
Breasted Whites• Averages about 10 lbs.
less in mature body weight
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Commercial Livestock
• Used in the livestock and poultry industry
• Crosses of more than one breed or strain of breeds
• Adds in genetic diversity– Livestock have more desired traits– Undesirable traits can be lessened
• Used by most producers