animal science/dairy science 434
DESCRIPTION
Animal Science/Dairy Science 434. Reproductive Physiology Female Anatomy. Female Reproductive Tract Anatomy. Learning Objectives. To be able to describe the female reproductive system in cattle. Structure Function. Male. Stallion. Female. Mare. Equine - Horse. Female. Cow. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Animal Science/Dairy Science 434
Reproductive Physiology
Female Anatomy
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Female Reproductive Tract Anatomy
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•To be able to describe the female reproductive system in cattle.»Structure
»Function
Learning Objectives
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Updated:04/22/23
Equine - Horse
Female MareMale Stallion
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Bovine - CattleFemale CowMale Bull
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Ovine - SheepFemale EweMale Ram
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Porcine - Swine - Pig
Female SowMale Boar
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Avian - Chicken
Female HenMale Rooster
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Vulva
Vagina
Cervix
Uterine Body
Clitoris
Urethra
Bladder
Uterine HornUterine Horn
OvaryOvary
Oviduct
Oviduct
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Updated:04/22/23
Uterus
Ovary
Oviduct
Broad Ligament
CervixBladder
PelvisVagina
Vulva
Rectum
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Updated:04/22/23
Broad Ligament
• connective tissue sheet which supports and suspends the reproductive tract
BL - Broad LigamentUH - Uterine HornO - OvaryOD - Oviduct
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Broad Ligament
• Mesometrium» Supports Uterus
• Mesosalpinx» Supports Oviduct
• Mesovarium» Supports Ovary
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Ovary - Primary Sex Organ
Updated:04/22/23
•Functions»Hormonal
•Estrogen•Progesterone
»Female gamete•Oocyte
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Ovary
Corpus Luteum Corpus Luteum
Follicle - Estrogen, Oocyte
Progesterone Progesterone
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Blood and lymphaticVessels & nerves Hilus}
OvaryGerminal
Epithelium
TunicaAlbuginea
TunicaAlbuginea
85% of Ovarian Cancers
85% of Ovarian Cancers
Cortex
Medulla
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Tertiary folliclePrimary follicle
Tertiaryfollicle
Egg nest
Secondary follicle
Atretic follicle
Corpus albicansCorpus luteumCorpushemorrhagicum
Ruptured follicle(ovulation)
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Updated:04/22/23
Tertiary folliclePrimary follicle
Tertiaryfollicle
Secondary follicle
Atretic follicle
Corpus albicansCorpus luteumCorpushemorrhagicum
Ruptured follicle(ovulation)
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Updated:04/22/23
Tertiary folliclePrimary follicle
Tertiaryfollicle
Secondary follicle
Atretic follicle
Corpus albicansCorpus luteumCorpushemorrhagicum
Ruptured follicle(ovulation)
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Updated:04/22/23
Tertiary folliclePrimary follicle
Tertiaryfollicle
Secondary follicle
Atretic follicle
Corpus albicansCorpus luteumCorpushemorrhagicum
Ruptured follicle(ovulation)
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Primordial Follicle
Primary Follicle
Secondary follicle
Tertiary follicle
Follicle Cells• Flattened cells
surround oocyte
• Increase in size of oocyte andheight of follicular cells
• Surrounded by severallayers of follicular cells
Nucleus
Ooplasma
Follicular Cells
• Follicle forms a fluidfilled cavity
• Differentiation of cell layersin the follicle wall
Oocyte
Antrum
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Antrum
Theca Externa
Theca Interna
Granulosa
Cumulus Oophorus
Oocyte
(Follicular Fluid)
Tertiary Follicle
BasementMembrane
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Updated:04/22/23
Tertiary Follicle
Granulosa
Theca Interna
CumulusOophorus
Antrum
Oocyte
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Updated:04/22/23
Follicular Blood SupplyTheca interna cells
Granulosa cells
Follicularfluid
Capillarynetwork
Basement Membrane
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Updated:04/22/23
Circular smoothmuscle layerCircular smoothmuscle layer
Longitudinal smoothmuscle layerLongitudinal smoothmuscle layer
MuscularisMuscularis
SerosaSerosa
SubmucosaSubmucosa
LumenLumen
MucosaMucosa
Secondary Sex Organ: A Series of Tubes to Convey the Oocyte/Embryo/Fetus to the Outside
Secondary Sex Organ: A Series of Tubes to Convey the Oocyte/Embryo/Fetus to the Outside
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Updated:04/22/23
Functions of Oviduct
•Gamete Transport»Sperm
»Oocyte
•Supports early embryo development
•Transport of embryo to uterus
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Updated:04/22/23
Oviduct
Uterine Horn
Utero-Tubal Junction
Ampullary-IsthmicJunction
Isthmus
Ampulla
Infundibulum(20 - 30 cm2)
Fimbria
Ostium
FollicleOvary
Cumulus Oophorusand Oocyte
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Oviduct
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Oviduct
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Updated:04/22/23
Oviduct Histology
•Ciliated Columnar•Nonciliated Columnar
Mucosa
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Updated:04/22/23
Functions of the Uterus• Muscle contractions
»Transport sperm
»Expel fetus and placenta
• Absorption and phagocytosis
• Partially prepares sperm for fertilization»capacitation
• Provides environment for embryo and fetal growth
• Hormone production»Prostaglandin F2 production
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Updated:04/22/23
Uterus (bovine)
•Bicornuate»poorly to
moderately developed uterine horns
»uterine body
»one cervix
cervix
body
horn
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Uterus
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Uterine Histology
Perimetrium
Endometrium
MyometriumEndometrial
Glands
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Updated:04/22/23
Mucosa
Submucosa
Myometrium
EndometriumEndometrial
Gland
Perimetrium
Uterine Histology
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Updated:04/22/23
Functions of the Cervix
•Transport of sperm
•Barrier to sperm (species dependent)
•Reservoir for sperm
•Blocking bacterial invasion during pregnancy
•Birth canal
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Updated:04/22/23
Cervix
•Cervix is composed of thick connective tissue
COW
Cow has 4-5annular rings
Uterine Body
Vagina
External Cervical Os
Internal Cervical Os
• Mucus is secreted near the time of breeding and ovulation.
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External Cervical
Os
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Updated:04/22/23
Functions of the Vagina
•Copulatory organ
•Glands secrete lubrication
•Birth canal
•Glands secrete pheromones
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Updated:04/22/23
Vagina Anterior Vagina Posterior Vagina (Vestibule)
ColumnarEpithelium
StratifiedSquamousEpithelium
Submucosa
Urethra
Submucosa
Mucosa
FornixFornix
Vulva-Vaginal Sphincter
Vulva-Vaginal Sphincter
Cervix
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Updated:04/22/23
Posterior Vaginal Histology
Stratified SquamousEpithelium
MucosaMucosa
SubmucosaSubmucosa
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Updated:04/22/23
Function of External Genitalia
•Labia»Closes entrance to vagina
•Clitoris»Female sensory organ
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External Genitalia of the Cow
Anus
Labia
Clitoris
Labia
Vulva
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Updated:04/22/23
Phenomena For Fertility• vagina dentata - a vagina with teeth
• female bedbug - no vagina
• hysterectomy - if woman went to long without becoming pregnant then uterus would wonder in body causing hysteria and other distresses
• hyena - clitoris is very large and looks like the male penis; female also has a false scrotum (labia); female is the dominate sex and produces more testosterone than male