introduction to animal science
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Introduction to Animal Science . Competency 3.01. Recall Animal breed and sex terminology. . Animal Terminology. Animal Terminology. Physical Characteristics. Intact Males – Generally more muscular overall Typically larger in stature and grow faster than females - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Introduction to Animal Science](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022081507/568166f4550346895ddb52fa/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Introduction to Animal Science
![Page 2: Introduction to Animal Science](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022081507/568166f4550346895ddb52fa/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Competency 3.01Recall Animal breed and sex
terminology.
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Animal Terminology
Species Uncastrated Male
Immature Castrated Male
Immature Female
Mature Female Newborn
Cattle Bull Steer Heifer Cow Calf
Swine Boar Barrow Gilt Sow Piglet
Poultry Rooster Capon Pullet Hen Chick
Turkey Tom Pullet Hen Poult
Supplemental Animal Terminology
Sheep Ram Wether Ewe Lamb Ewe Lamb
Goat Buck Wether Doeling Doe Kid
Dog Stud Neutered Bitch Bitch Puppy
Cat Tomcat Neutered Molly Queen Kitten
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Animal Terminology
Bull Steer Heifer Cow Calf
Boar Barrow Gilt Sow Piglet
Rooster Capon Pullet Hen Chick
Tom Pullet Hen Poult
Supplemental Animal Terminology
Ram Wether Ewe Lamb Ewe Lamb
Buck Wether Doeling Doe Kid
Stud Neutered Bitch Bitch Puppy
Tomcat Neutered Molly Queen Kitten
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Physical Characteristics• Intact Males –
– Generally more muscular overall – Typically larger in stature and grow
faster than females– Often exhibit more muscle in the neck
area
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Physical Characteristics • Castrated Males
– Slower growing and have less muscle overall than the intact males
– Look for evidence of male genitalia such as a sheath to distinguish from females
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Physical Characteristics • Mature Females
– Large body structure than immature females
– Mammary glands more evident when the animal is not lactating
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Physical Characteristics • Immature Females
– Smaller stature than mature females – Examine genitalia to distinguish from
young male animals
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Breeds of Livestock • Breeds are characterized by their
phenotypic triats:– Color and/or color pattern– Frame and size– Degree of muscling – Environmental adaptions
• Extra skin to improve heat tolerance
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Angus
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Beef Breeds• Angus
– Black– Polled– Originated in Scotland– It is the most “registered” purebred– High in carcass quality
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Hereford
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Beef Breeds• Hereford
– Red and White face– Horns– Originated in England– Docile
• Gentle temperament– Good foragers
• Efficient converters of forage crops
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Charolais
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Charolais
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Beef Breeds• Charolais
– White to light straw colored– Naturally Horned
• Breeding-up has created polled animals– Large framed– Originated in France
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Brahman
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Brahman
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Beef Breeds• Brahman
– Light Gray to Black or Red– Originated in India– Pronounced hump– Loose Dewlap– Insect tolerant– Disease tolerant
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Simmental
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Beef Breeds• Simmental
– Not set color pattern– Large frame– Rapid growing animal
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Shorthorn
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Polled Hereford
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Santa Gertrudis
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Gelbvieh
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Limousin
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Texas Longhorn
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Dairy Breeds
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Holstein
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Dairy Breeds• Holstein
– 90% of the dairy cattle in the US– Black and white– Leading producer of milk– Produce about 18,000 lbs. Of milk per
cow per year
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Jersey
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Dairy Breeds• Jersey
– Cream to light fawn clolor – Smallest framed dairy breed– High butterfat content in milk
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Guernsey
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Ayrshire
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Brown Swiss
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Identifying Breeds of Swine
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American Landrace
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American Landrace• White• Long Body• Big loped forward ears• Large litters• Good mothering ability• Originated in Denmark
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Duroc
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Duroc• Red• Drooped ears• Good growth rate• Excellent feed conversion
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Hampshire
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Hampshire• Black with a white belt• Erect ears• Good muscle• Carcass leanness
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Yorkshire
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Yorkshire• White• Erect ears• Large litters• Good feed efficiency• Excellent growth and mothering
ability• Long carcass
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Poland China
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Chester White
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Tamworth
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Berkshire
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Spotted Swine
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Identifying Breeds of Poultry
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Poultry Identification • No breed registries for poultry
unlike other farm animals • Most commercial producers
develop their own “breeds” through crossbreeding different strains/breeds.
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Breeds, Varieties, Types & Classes
• Breed- group of related fowl that breed true for a specific trait
• Type- purpose for which it is breed (meat or egg type)
• Classes- geographic origin (Mediterranean, American, English and Asiatic)
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Egg ProducersLayers- chickens that produce eggs• White egg producers- small in size
– White Leghorns- white plumage• Brown egg producers- larger birds that
are not as economical as Leghorns– Rhode Island Reds- dark red plumage– New Hampshires- red plumage– Plymouth Rocks- white plumage
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White Leghorns
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Barred Rock
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Rhode Island Red
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Layer Cages
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Egg ProducersLayers- chickens that produce eggs• Several other strains are growing
in popularity and being raised by families for personal consumption. Ex: Dominique, Brahmas, etc.
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Meat Producers• Chickens used for meat
production are called Broilers
• Birds used for meat production are usually commercial crosses– Example: White Plymouth Rock
females mated to Cornish males
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Confinement Broiler House
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TurkeysBroad Breasted White
• White plumage• Shanks, feet, and beak is white to pink• White pinfeathers
– Increases the value of the carcass• Can survive better in hotter climates• Good body confirmation but smaller
than other breeds• Very popular variety of turkey
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Broad Breasted White
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TurkeysBroad Breasted Bronze
• Black plumage• Dark colored pinfeathers• Largest of the turkey
varieties• Poor fertility and
reproductive problems– Males are not good breeders
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Broad Breasted Bronze
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TurkeysBeltsville Small Whites• Developed by the USDA• Similar to the Broad
Breasted Whites• Averages about 10 lbs.
less in mature body weight
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Beltsville Small Whites