introduction to anatomy terminology anatomical position basic movements ten biological systems
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Introduction to ANATOMY Terminology Anatomical Position Basic Movements Ten Biological Systems](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022082611/56649efd5503460f94c11b4c/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Introduction to ANATOMY Terminology Anatomical Position Basic Movements Ten Biological Systems
![Page 2: Introduction to ANATOMY Terminology Anatomical Position Basic Movements Ten Biological Systems](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022082611/56649efd5503460f94c11b4c/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
TERMINOLOGY Anatomy
– a branch of science that deals with the structural organization of living things how they are built and what they consist of.
The structure of the body and its organs
Physiology – is concerned with basic processes such as reproduction, growth, and metabolism as they occur within the various systems of the body.
How all the parts of the body function
Exercise Physiology – a branch of physiology, exercise physiologists concentrate their research specifically on how the body responds and adapts to the stresses placed on it during exercise.
![Page 3: Introduction to ANATOMY Terminology Anatomical Position Basic Movements Ten Biological Systems](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022082611/56649efd5503460f94c11b4c/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Time to Move and Try This!
Divide into groups of three/four and write out the directions for an individual to perform the following task; Do a single leg squat Stand in a stork stand Do a stride jump
![Page 4: Introduction to ANATOMY Terminology Anatomical Position Basic Movements Ten Biological Systems](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022082611/56649efd5503460f94c11b4c/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Time to Move and Try This!
OK! Let’s compare our directions Volunteer to perform task described by
member of another group
![Page 5: Introduction to ANATOMY Terminology Anatomical Position Basic Movements Ten Biological Systems](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022082611/56649efd5503460f94c11b4c/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Time to Move and Try This!
So what is the problem? We are not speaking in the same terms!
![Page 6: Introduction to ANATOMY Terminology Anatomical Position Basic Movements Ten Biological Systems](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022082611/56649efd5503460f94c11b4c/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
THE ANATOMICAL POSITION Universally accepted standard
starting point for describing the body.
UNIVERSAL CONSISTENCY when discussing anatomy so that all people know exactly what is being discussed no matter what country or language.
diagrams that portray the body in an upright, standing position, face and feet pointing forward, with arms at the side, and the forearms fully supinated (with palms facing forward).
![Page 7: Introduction to ANATOMY Terminology Anatomical Position Basic Movements Ten Biological Systems](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022082611/56649efd5503460f94c11b4c/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Frontal Plane
Sagittal Plane
Transverse Plane
THE ANATOMICAL PLANES
Lateral
Lateral
Medial
Medial
Anterior
PosteriorSuperior
Inferior
the anatomical planes relate to positions in space and are at right angles to one another.
![Page 8: Introduction to ANATOMY Terminology Anatomical Position Basic Movements Ten Biological Systems](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022082611/56649efd5503460f94c11b4c/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
ANATOMICAL PLANES
Transverse Plane – “divides” the body into superior and inferior segments.
Sagittal Plane – “divides” the body into medial and lateral segments.
Frontal or Coronal Plane – “divides” the body into anterior and posterior segments.
![Page 9: Introduction to ANATOMY Terminology Anatomical Position Basic Movements Ten Biological Systems](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022082611/56649efd5503460f94c11b4c/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
THE ANATOMICAL AXES
Horizontal Axis
Antero-posterior Axis
Longitudinal Axis
the general rule is that the axis of rotation is always perpendicular to the plane of movement. Axes deal with the direction of movement at joints.
![Page 10: Introduction to ANATOMY Terminology Anatomical Position Basic Movements Ten Biological Systems](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022082611/56649efd5503460f94c11b4c/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Longitudinal or polar axis – is in the “north-south” relationship to the anatomical position
Horizontal or bilateral axis – is in the “east-west” relationship to the anatomical position.
Antero-posterior axis – is in a “front-to-back” relationship to the anatomical position.
THE ANATOMICAL AXES
![Page 11: Introduction to ANATOMY Terminology Anatomical Position Basic Movements Ten Biological Systems](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022082611/56649efd5503460f94c11b4c/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Relationship between Planes and Axes
Axis of Rotation
Plane of Motion
Example
Horizontal Sagittal Flexion, extension
Longitudinal Transverse Rotation of extremities, axial rotation
Antero-Posterior Frontal Abduction, adduction
![Page 12: Introduction to ANATOMY Terminology Anatomical Position Basic Movements Ten Biological Systems](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022082611/56649efd5503460f94c11b4c/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Describing Position and Movement
Anterior / Posterior Superior / Inferior Medial / Lateral Proximal / Distal
This is the time to start a glossary. In your note books write down the terms and find the definitions. Make sure you don’t only write them down but you know how to demonstrate them.
![Page 13: Introduction to ANATOMY Terminology Anatomical Position Basic Movements Ten Biological Systems](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022082611/56649efd5503460f94c11b4c/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
BASIC MOVEMENTS flexion / extension abduction /
adduction internal / external
rotation circumduction supination /
pronation
protraction / retraction dorsiflexion / plantar
flexion eversion / inversion elevation / depression opposition / reposition
![Page 14: Introduction to ANATOMY Terminology Anatomical Position Basic Movements Ten Biological Systems](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022082611/56649efd5503460f94c11b4c/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Helpful Hints In the anatomical position, all
flexion/extension occurs in the sagittal plane; all abduction/adduction occurs in the frontal plane; and all rotation occurs in the transverse plane.
More involved movements are usually not in one specific plane but occurs as a combination of motions from more than one plane.
![Page 15: Introduction to ANATOMY Terminology Anatomical Position Basic Movements Ten Biological Systems](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022082611/56649efd5503460f94c11b4c/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
The Ten Biological Systems of the Human Body
1. The Skeletal System• Supports the body, protects vital organs, works in
conjunction with the muscles to cause movement.
2. The Muscular System• Consists of 3 types of tissue: skeletal, smooth and
cardiac.
3. The Respiratory System• Consists of the lungs and the airways leading to
them.
4. The Circulatory System• Serves to deliver oxygen and nutrients to the body
and remove waste products from it.
5. The Nervous System• Oversees all the other systems and acts as a kind of
control centre.
![Page 16: Introduction to ANATOMY Terminology Anatomical Position Basic Movements Ten Biological Systems](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022082611/56649efd5503460f94c11b4c/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
6. The Digestive System• Allows the body to break down food into simpler
substances so they can enter the blood stream.
7. The Reproductive System• Consists of specialized organs that allow males
and females to reproduce.
8. The Immune System• Helps to defend the body against infection and
disease.
9. The Endocrine System• Consists of glands that secrete hormones that
regulate various activities (metabolism, growth, development).
10. The Urinary System• Allows the body to eliminate waste products and
regulate its water and chemical balance.