Introduction of Chemistry

What is chemistry?

Chemistry

•The science of the composition, structure, properties, and reactions of matter

What is Matter

•Matter - anything that has mass and exists as a solid, liquid, or gas

All Matter exists in 3 states

• Solid - matter with a definite shape and volume

• Liquid - matter with no definite shape but has volume

• Gas - matter has neither shape nor volume but has mass

3 Phases of Matter

• All matter can be found in 1 of the 3 states (mainly dependent upon temperature)

3 Phases of Matter (Continued)• Solids

• Atoms/Molecules vibrate and tend to move very little.

3 Phases of Matter (Cont’d)• Liquids

• Atoms/Molecules move freely though out the liquid.

• Bounce off each other and wall of container that the liquid is touching.

3 Phases of Matter (Cont’d)• Gas

• Atoms/Molecules will move freely through out the container they are stored in.

• (Bounce off each other and container walls)

Intro. to Chemistry:

• Properties both physical and chemicals come from the actual structure of the element’s atom or atomic design

Purest Form of Matter

• Element• Element - one of the basic

substances that combine to form all other substances; a substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by ordinary chemical means.

Properties of Matter

• Physical • Chemical

Physical

• Properties that are observed with the senses and can be found without destroying matter

• Color• Length• Mass• Odor• Shape• Melting Point/Boiling

Point• Density• Ductility• Malleability• Conductivity

Physical (Cont’d)

• Density• Density =

Mass/Volume• Helps determine if

a substance will sink or float within a liquid.

• Ductility• The ability of a

metal to be stretched into a long thin wire.

Physical (Cont’d)

• Malleability• The ability of a

metal to be hammered into thin sheets.

• Conductivity• The ability of a

material to pass electrical currents though itself.

Chemical

• Properties that show how matter reacts to other matter; end matter is different than original matter and has unique physical properties

• Stable/Unstable• “All atoms want

to obtain a full outer shell of electrons to become stable”

Chemical Examples

• Burning• Corrosion

(Rusting)• Tarnishing• Reaction with

Acids/Bases

ATOM

• Smallest division of an element that retains all the physical and chemical characteristics of the element.

• Particles that make up atoms can not be see with an optical microscope.• Too small!

3 Major Parts of an Atom

• Proton - “positive” charge found in nucleus.

• Neutron - “neutral” charge particle in nucleus.

• Electron - “negative” charge particle found around nucleus.

Atom Facts:

• Atoms were first thought of by the Greeks over 2,400 years ago. Atom name comes from Greek meaning “indivisible”