Download - Introduction of Chemistry
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Introduction of Chemistry
What is chemistry?
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Chemistry
•The science of the composition, structure, properties, and reactions of matter
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What is Matter
•Matter - anything that has mass and exists as a solid, liquid, or gas
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All Matter exists in 3 states
• Solid - matter with a definite shape and volume
• Liquid - matter with no definite shape but has volume
• Gas - matter has neither shape nor volume but has mass
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3 Phases of Matter
• All matter can be found in 1 of the 3 states (mainly dependent upon temperature)
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3 Phases of Matter (Continued)• Solids
• Atoms/Molecules vibrate and tend to move very little.
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3 Phases of Matter (Cont’d)• Liquids
• Atoms/Molecules move freely though out the liquid.
• Bounce off each other and wall of container that the liquid is touching.
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3 Phases of Matter (Cont’d)• Gas
• Atoms/Molecules will move freely through out the container they are stored in.
• (Bounce off each other and container walls)
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Intro. to Chemistry:
• Properties both physical and chemicals come from the actual structure of the element’s atom or atomic design
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Purest Form of Matter
• Element• Element - one of the basic
substances that combine to form all other substances; a substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by ordinary chemical means.
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Properties of Matter
• Physical • Chemical
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Physical
• Properties that are observed with the senses and can be found without destroying matter
• Color• Length• Mass• Odor• Shape• Melting Point/Boiling
Point• Density• Ductility• Malleability• Conductivity
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Physical (Cont’d)
• Density• Density =
Mass/Volume• Helps determine if
a substance will sink or float within a liquid.
• Ductility• The ability of a
metal to be stretched into a long thin wire.
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Physical (Cont’d)
• Malleability• The ability of a
metal to be hammered into thin sheets.
• Conductivity• The ability of a
material to pass electrical currents though itself.
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Chemical
• Properties that show how matter reacts to other matter; end matter is different than original matter and has unique physical properties
• Stable/Unstable• “All atoms want
to obtain a full outer shell of electrons to become stable”
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Chemical Examples
• Burning• Corrosion
(Rusting)• Tarnishing• Reaction with
Acids/Bases
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ATOM
• Smallest division of an element that retains all the physical and chemical characteristics of the element.
• Particles that make up atoms can not be see with an optical microscope.• Too small!
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3 Major Parts of an Atom
• Proton - “positive” charge found in nucleus.
• Neutron - “neutral” charge particle in nucleus.
• Electron - “negative” charge particle found around nucleus.
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Atom Facts:
• Atoms were first thought of by the Greeks over 2,400 years ago. Atom name comes from Greek meaning “indivisible”