Introduction and Overview

Summer 2014

COMP 2130 Introduction to Computer Systems

Computing ScienceThompson Rivers University

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Instructor: Mridula Sharma @ HL 407 Office hour: 1:30-2:30 @ Mon, Wed, Thurs, Fri

and by appointment E-mail: msharma@tru.ca

Prerequisites for this course: COMP 1230 with minimum ‘C’, and COMP 1380 with minimum ‘C’

This course is a prerequisite for COMP 3270 Computer Networks COMP 3410 Operating Systems

Course Schedule

Span across 5th May 2-014 – 11th June 2014 Number of Lectures : 12

Each lecture has two sessions: Session I : 9:00 to 10:15 AM. Session II : 10:30 to 11:45 AM.

Number of Assignments : 4 Number of Marked Quizzes : 3 Number of Seminars : 6

Seminar 2, 4 & 6 : Marked Lab Seminar 6 – presentations

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Marking Scheme

Assignments I – 3% II – 3% III – 3% IV – 4%

Quizes I – 3% II – 3% III – 3%

Seminars I : Paper – 2% 2 , 4 & 6: Marked Lab – 8%

Mid term Exam - 26th May 1:00 PM – 25% Final Exam – 45%

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Rise of Questions

What is a computer system? What is an operating system? Which [programming] language is most powerful?

What are the benefits to take this course “Introduction to Computer Systems”?

Most universities teach assembly languages, computer architecture and hardware components.

You are in a computing science program, and computing science is not much about the development of hardware components.

Then what?

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Objectives

Understand the fundamentals of computer architecture Experience programming through the powerful C programming

language (using GCC - GNU compiler), probably a new programming language to you

Experience programming through IA32 assembly language, another new programming language to you

Experience reliable programming through the understanding of critical relationship between programming and computer architecture

Experience efficient programming through code optimization

Why is one programming language, e.g., Java, not enough in computing science?

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Course Contents

C programming language Bit and Boolean operations Use of pointers Use of struct data structure Dynamic memory management ...

Assembly language Introduction to computer systems

The fundamentals of computer architecture How does a computer system work? How is computer architecture related to programming? Code optimization ...

Use of Linux

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Lecture

Introduction to computer systems Introduction to C programming language Data representations C: advanced topics Introduction to assembly language – IA32 (Intel Architecture 32) Compiling, linking, loading, and executing Dynamic memory management Code optimization Memory hierarchy, locality, caching Virtual memory (if time permits)

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The better knowledge of computer systems, the better programing.Computer System C Programming Language

Computer architectureCPU (Central Processing Unit)IA32 assembly language

Introduction to C language

Compiling, linking, loading, executing

Physical main memoryMMU (Memory Management Unit)

Virtual memory space

Memory hierarchyCache

Dynamic memory management

Better coding – locality

Reliable programming; Efficient programming (code optimization)

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Seminar

Use of Linux C programming exercises Exercise questions about computer architecture and programming Explanation of assignments

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Textbooks

Bryant and O’Hallaron, Computer Systems: A Programmer’s Perspective, 2/E, Prentice Hall, 2011 ISBN 10: 0-13-610804-0

Kernighan and Ritchie, The C Programming Language, Prentice Hall, 1988, ISBN 10: 0-13-110362-8 or Schaum Series

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Evaluation

Quizzes 19% Programming Assignments 16% Programming Exam 25% Final test 40%

In order to pass the course, students must achieve minimum of 50% on overall quizzes & Assignments, and minimum of 50% on the mid term and final exam

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Questions?

Anything that you want to know more? Any comment? Any question?

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Overview – Why C?

Why C? Most system programs are written in C, not even C++, for fast execution. The kernels of most operating systems are written in C. A lot of projects use C.

Pros and cons Fast execution -\ Easy memory management - > Good for system programming Bit operation -/ But a bit complex concepts of pointer, type conversion and memory

allocation

How is C different from Java?

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General purpose programming language popularity index From lang-index.sourceforge.net Published at March 2012

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Programming language populatiry From langpop.com Published at April 13, 2011

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How is C different from Java?

  C Java

Procedural No class Common data: global variables Abstract data type: struct, union

Object oriented Class Common data: instance variables Abstract data type: class

Micro approach Individual utility libraries

Macro approach Utilities include language itself

Reference type variable No reference, but objects include the concept

Call by value; call by reference Call by value; call by reference for objects

Compiling One file at a time, and linking

Compiling Cross-reference

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Overview – How a Computer Works

How does a computer system look like? Model from the view of functions: von Neumann architecture

What happens when you turn on a computer system? Can a computer system understand a program written in C or Java? How does a program run in a computer system?

Similar to

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Overview – How a Computer Works

What happens when you turn on a computer? Power on, then? -> Electric signal -> CPU will start executing instructions from a particularly fixed address.

BIOS MBR OS

CPU reads one instruction from memory at a time and executes the instruction. This cycle, called instruction cycle, repeats forever.

Fetch and Execution

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Overview – How a Computer Works

Can a computer understand a program written in C or Java? How does a program run in a computer?

A program is a collection of data and codes. Compile and link

Load and execute Multi-programming?

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Overview – How a Computer Works

What hardware components do we need to run programs in a computer system?

Four major components: CPU Main memory I/O devices

Keyboard Mouse Monitor Hard disk

System buses

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Overview – How a Computer Works

User programs write data into the main memory and read data from the main memory. It is very important to protect OS codes and data stored in the main memory from user programs.

What does this mean? Why is this very important for Operating Systems? How to protect?

By using hardware supports and interrupts

The architectures of computer systems have very close relations with OSes and programs.

We will study CPU, main memory, interrupts, instructions, and ...