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1 Pengantar Teknologi Informasi Introduction to Introduction to Information Tecnology Information Tecnology

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Overview of Information Technology

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Page 1: Intro of IT

1Pengantar Teknologi Informasi

Introduction to Introduction to Information Tecnology Information Tecnology

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[email protected]

.: Fasilkom – UDINUS :.Ref: IF-ITB/Santika WP/2003

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All about computer

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All about computer

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All about computer

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All about computer

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All about computer

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All about computer

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All about computer

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All about computer

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All about computer

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All about computer

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All about computer

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All about computer

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Introduction

Definisi [BEH90]

Information technology (teknologi informasi - TI) adalah istilah untuk mendeskripsikan teknologi – teknologi yang memungkinkan manusia untuk: • mencatat (record) • menyimpan (store) • mengolah (process) • mengambil kembali (retrieve) • mengirim (transmit) • menerima (receive)

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IntroductionDefinisi • Data (datum) ~ sekumpulan fenomena alam (dlm

bentuk angka, kata, gambar / bentuk lain ) termasuk didalamnya hasil dari pengalaman, observasi dan penelitian.

• Raw data (dlm term komputasi) ~ angka, karakter, gambar atau bentuk lain yang digunakan untuk men-convert kuantitas fisik ke dalam simbol dalam pengertian yang luas

• data ~ raw data: Cavalera, Dargo, Fasilkom, 18, ….

• Info = data yang terstruktur hasil olahan, contoh:

A11.2007.01234 Cavalera Jl.Dargo II Semarang Data mentah Proses Informasi

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IntroductionDefinisi • Teknologi ilmu yang

berkaitan dengan seni atau sains dengan pengaplikasian pengetahuan saintifik ke praktis

• aplikasi praktis dari sains dalam industri / bisnis

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IntroductionSains & Teknologi

– Karakteristik • sains ~ kolam pengetahuan, diisi oleh para ilmuwan

[untuk memenuhi rasa keingintahuan], orientasi pada alam

• teknologi ~ menghasilkan produk, [industry-oriented], rumit dan sulit diprediksi

– Faktor Kendala • budaya [rencana pendek/panjang, kualitas, Not

Invented Here syndrome ketidakmauan untuk mengadopsi ide atau produk karena berasal dari kultur yang berbeda, [-sikap nasionalisme-]

• transfer teknologi [ragam kesenjangan] • advanced scientific knowledge

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IntroductionTI • Masa lalu: goresan/gambar, alat hitung, arsip, telegraf, ... • Masa kini: komputer, faks, telekonferensi, …

Mengapa informasi dibutuhkan ? • Alat komunikasi: sinyal [asap, lampu], kode [morse,

gerak tubuh, ..] • Dasar pengambilan keputusan • Kegembiraan

Informasi apa ? • Segala jenis ? • Khusus tergantung: posisi, situasi, kondisi, relasi, ....

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IntroductionSumber informasi melalui: • Pustaka [ilmiah, semi-ilmiah, populer] • Media massa [cetak, radio, TV] • Lisan [wawancara, telepon] • Tulisan [surat, fax]

Perangkat bantu : • Manual [pensil/pena + kertas] • Mesin mekanis [mesin tik] • Alat telekomunikasi • Alat elektronis [komputer dalam berbagai bentuk]

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Introduction

Cara Olah Data [sebaiknya] • Perekaman awal [originating]• Pengklasifikasian [classifying]• Penyusunan/pengurutan [sorting] • Penghitungan [calculating]• Penyimpanan [storing]• Cara pengambilan kembali [retrieving]• Perbanyakan [copying] • Penyampaian [distributing]

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History of ITNatural • Purba: goresan dan gambar pada batu,

gua • Cina/Mesir/Romawi kuno:

- media: lempung, kertas, …. - alat: abacus/suan pan, jari tangan, ….

• Abad 17-18: - Napier’s bones [John Napier, 1614]

- slide rule Mekanis

- Pascaline [Blaise Pascal, 1642] - Difference & Analytical Engine [Ch.Babbage, 1830]

John NapierJohn Napier

Charles BabbageCharles Babbage

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History of IT

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History of ITElektronis [Gen-1]

• ENIAC - Eckert & Mauchly - 1943-46, tabung - desimal - non komersil

• IAS [Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton]- Von Neumann & Alan Turing - 1952, tabung - biner - stored program

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History of ITElektronis [Gen-2] • Transistor • UNIVAC I E&M Computer

Co., - 1947, komersil, dipakai sensus

• IBM 701 [saintifik], 702 [bisnis] - komersil, 1953-55, stored program, punched card

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History of ITElektronis [Gen-3] • SSI [small scale integration circuits - 100

transistors on chips] • DEC PDP-8

- 1964 - minikomputer pertama di ruangan tanpa AC - bus structure

• IBM 360 family - 1964 - instruction sets & OS identik/mirip - multiplexed switch structure

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History of ITElektronis [Gen-4]

• MSI [medium scale integration circuit~ 3000 trans] to LSI [large scale integration circuit ~ 100 K trans.]

• Teknologi semikonduktor [wafer semiconductor]

• Contoh - DEC VAX family - IBM 370 family

Elektronis [Gen-5] • VLSI [very large scale integration

circuit ~ 100 M trans], 1978 - ….. Elektronis [Gen-6] • ULSI [ultra large scale integration

circuit > 100 M trans]

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History of ITMikroprosesor • Single chip CPU • Intel 4004 [1971] dan 8008 [1972], special-

purpose • Intel 8080 [1974], general-purpose • Mikrokomputer Klasifikasi • Mikrokomputer • Minikomputer • Mainframe • Superkomputer

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History of IT• Perkembangan

Ukuran fisik

Harga

Kecepatan

Memori size

Besar Kecil

Mahal Murah

Cepat Lambat

Besar Kecil

Generasi 1 Generasi 5

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Components of ITHardware (HW) • CPU, memory, I/O device, interconnectorSoftware (SW) • OS, package application, user application Firmware (FW) • instruksi disimpan permanen dalam ROM Brainware (BW) • end user, programmer, analyst, manager, database

admin Infoware (IW) • user manual, standard operational procedure, cyber

law

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Abstract View

user user ... USER USER

Application Software

System Software

Computer Hardware

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Abstract View

ArsitekturApplication

OS

Compiler Firmware ISA

I/O system Instruction Set

Control & data path

Digital Design

Layout fisik

Instruction Set Architecture the complete specification of the interface between computer programs that have been written and the underlying computer hardware that carries out the actual work.

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Architecture Development

Arsitektur Komputer

Bahasa Teknologi

Aplikasi

Sejarah Sistem Operasi

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Conclusion

• Sejak dulu manusia butuh informasi • Informasi = hasil olahan raw data • Sampai medio abad 20 terjadi evolusi

alat hitung • Komputer = alat olah data elektronis

yang memiliki komponen: CPU, memory, I/O device, interconnector.

• Komponen TI: HW, SW, FW, BW, IW