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The American Experiment in Regressive Social Policy and Higher Education Opportunity Michigan TRIO Conference Kellogg Center, Michigan State University East Lansing, Michigan April 16, 2012 Tom Mortenson Senior Scholar, The Pell Institute for the Study of Opportunity in Higher Education - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Intro
The American Experiment inRegressive Social Policy and
Higher Education Opportunity Michigan TRIO Conference
Kellogg Center, Michigan State UniversityEast Lansing, Michigan
April 16, 2012
Tom MortensonSenior Scholar,
The Pell Institute for the Study of Opportunity in Higher EducationHigher Education Policy Analyst,
Postsecondary Education OPPORTUNITY
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How We Compare to OECD Countries:Bachelor’s Degrees Attainment
Among 25 to 34 Year Olds• 2003• 2009• Change between 2003 and 2009• 2020• 2026
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Tertiary Type-A Degree Attain 25-34 yr olds OECD 2003
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Tertiary Type-A Degree Attain 25-34 OECD 2009
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Change in Tertiary Type-A Degree Attain 25-34 OECD 2000-2009
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Projected Tertiary Type-A Degree attain OECD 2020
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Projected Tertiary Type-A Degree Attain 25-34 OECD 2026
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Pipeline for Students by Family Income
• High school graduation• College continuation• College participation• Estimate bachelor’s degree completion• Estimated bachelor’s degree attainment
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Change in Estimated Bachelor’s Degree Attain rate by Age 24
Family Income Quartile
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Grad, Continuation, Completion, Attain rates
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Upper Family Inc Limits for 1st, 2nd, 3rd Family Income Quartiles
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HS Grad Rates by Family Income Quartiles 18 to 24 yr olds
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Change in HS Grad Rate by Income Quartile
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College Continuation Rates by Family Income Quartiles
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Change in College Continuation Rate by Income Quartile
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College Participation Rates by Family Income Quartiles
Dependent 18 to 24 yr olds
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Change in College Participation Rate by Income Quartile
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Estimated Bach Degree Completion age 24, FamilyInc Quartile,
dependent
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Change in Estimated Completion rate by Income quartile
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Distribution of Bach Degrees Awarded by Age 24 by Family
Income Quartiles
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Share of Dependent 18 to 24 Year Old Enrollment
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Distribution of Dependent 18 to 24 Year Old Enrollment by
Institutional Level & Family Inc
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Change in Distribution Dependent 18 to 24 Enrollment by Institutional
Level & Family Inc
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Share of Dependent 18 to 24 Old Enrollment from Bottom Family Inc Quartile in 4-Yr Institutions
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Share of Dependent 18 to 24 Old Enrollment from Second Family Inc
Quartile in 4-Yr Institutions
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Share Dependent 18 to 24 Old Enrollment from Third Family Inc
Quartile in 4-Yr Institutions
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Share of Dependent 18 to 24 Old Enrollment from Top Family Inc
Quartile in 4-Yr Institutions
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Share of Dependents 18 to 24 Enrolled Full-Time
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Distribution of Dependent 18 to 24 Year Old Enrollment by Enrollment
Status & Family Inc
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Change in Distribution of Dependent 18 to 24 Enrollment by
Enrollment Status & Family Inc
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Financial Barriers to Higher Education
• Unmet financial Need• Student work/loan burden• Net price to family• Net price to family as share of family income
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Policy Eras in the United States1862 to 1980: The Progressive Policy Era:• Morrill Land Grant Act created state universities• Teachers colleges for universal K-12 education• Community colleges• Need-based financial aid for students• GI Bill for returning World War II military veterans• Supportive services for students
1980 to Present: The Regressive Policy Era:• Federal shift from grants to loans, abandon needs-test• State reduction in higher education investment efforts• State shift from need-based grants to merit scholarships• Universities and colleges lust for prestige and revenue
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Proposals:• $13,000 Pell Grant maximum award• Jointly financed by federal government, states and
possibly institutions• Calculate negative Expected Family Contribution• Fund “Super Pell Grant” for students from very low
income families
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