intrduction to 3g technology and umts
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INTRDUCTION TO 3G
TECHNOLOGY AND UMTS
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THIRD GENERATION (3G) MOBILE
SYSTEMS
The objective of 3G is to provide high-speedwireless communications to support multimedia,data and video in addition to voice
IMT-2000 defined the view of 3G system capabilities
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IMT-2000 3G SYSTEM
REQUIREMENTS
Voice quality comparable to the PSTN
144Kbps data rate available to fast-moving users
384Kbps to pedestrians
2084Kbps for office use Support for both packet-switched and circuit-
switched data services
An adaptive interface to the Internet
Support for wide variety of mobile equipment
Flexibility to allow the introduction of new services
and technologies
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UMTS
3 G (telephony , paging, messaging, Internet , broadband data)Universal Mobile Telecommunication System
FDD and TDD bands
GSM Combatable
QoS
44 kbits/s satellite and rural outdoor
384 kbits/s urban outdoor2048 kbits/s indoor and low range outdoor
Four types of QoS classes:
Conversational class (voice, video telephony, video gaming)Streaming class (multimedia, video on demand, webcast)Interactive class (web browsing, network gaming, database access)
Background class (email, SMS, downloading)
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UMTS
Basic
Architecture
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UMTS REFERENCEARCHITECTURE
UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network (UTRAN)
Handles all radio-related functions
Core Network (CN)
Switching and routing of calls and dataconnections to external networks
Enhanced GSM technology
User Equipment (UE)
Interfaces the user and radio equipmentNew technology
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UTRAN
UTRAN consists of two components
Base stationNodeBcommunicates with themobile devices over the air.
In cities base stations have typically 1km radius,
typically split into two or three sectorscells Base stations connected to the network using
2Mbps linksE1 called T1. This links can beover copper cable, optical fibre, ADSL/VDSL or
Microwave Node B is similar to BTS in GSM
Each node B can control several antennas whichmake a radio cell
Radio Network Controller RNC
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UTRAN
ARCHITECTURE
UTRAN comprises severalRNSs
Node B can support FDD or TDD
or both
RNC is responsible for
handover decisions requiringsignaling to the UE
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THE RNC
Establishes radio connection
Selects connection propertiesbandwidth,
type, QoS requirements, subscription options etc.
Mobility managementhandover controlbetween cells and between base stations
Overload control
the RNC can block new connection
establishment requests, or can reduce thebandwidth of established connections
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CORE NETWORK
The Core Network (CN) is separated into two
logical domains:
Circuit Switched Domain (CSD)
Circuit switched service incl. signalingResource reservation at connection setup
GSM components (MSC, VLR)
Packet Switched Domain (PSD)
GPRS components (SGSN, GGSN)
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PACKET-SWITCHED CORE NETWORK
The RNC connects to both the circuit-switched corenetwork and to the packet-switch core network
Before a mobile device can exchange data with an
external PS network, the mobile devices has to Attach
to the PS core network and perform authenticationprocedure
request an IP address from the PS network:
this is referred to as establishing a PDP context
Packet Data Protocol
The SGSN is responsible for subscriber and mobilitymanagement
The SGSN keeps track of user locations and routesIP packets accordingly
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THE MOBILE SWITCHING CENTRE MSC
In UMTS there are two independent core network
entities: the MSC and the SGSN
The MSC handles voice and video calls and
forwards SMS messages via the radio network
Manages users of the networks in its region
Establishes circuit-switched channels for
incoming / outgoing calls
Mobile devices need to register with the MSC,bysending their IMSI numbers
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W-CDMAAND CDMA2000
CDMA2000 uses multicarrier CDMA to increase thecapacity
CDMA2000 proposes multiples of 1.2288Mchips/sec(WCDMA employs 3.84Mchip/sec)
W-CDMA increases the bit rate and thus the powerand attempts to maximise the capacity by controllingthe power
Different applications require different bit errorrates,which means different power levels
In CDMA2000 Base stations operate synchronouslyby obtaining timing from GPS, while in W-CDMAoperation is asynchronous
The frame length in W-CDMA is 10ms, in CDMA2000is 20ms
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WCDMA
Wideband Direct Sequence Technology
Bandwidth 5MHz
IMT-2000
Data Rate 385 kbps wide area coverage 2 Mbps for local coverage
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UMTS DEFINED NEW INTERFACES
Uu: Mobile Terminal to Node B(W-CDMA
air Interface)
Iub: Node B to RNC
Iu: RNC to Core Network IuCS: RNC to MSC circuite switch interface
IuPS: RNC to SGSN
Iur: RNC to RNC (new interface of UMTS)
___Iur defined so all resourse management func.Performed in RNS without CN.
___Iub,Iu,Iur use ATM Protocol for data exchange
b/w connected elements.
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DOWNLINKOVERHEAD CHANNELS
Common Pilot Channel (CPICH)
__ used to transmite timing and frequency Ref. To UE__TO Find primary scrambling Code
__To Determine the transmit power during openloop PC.
Sync. Channel(SCH)
___Multiplexed with (P-CCPCH)
___Contains Primary and Secondary Syc Ch.
___Allow UE to Synchronize with Base station
Primary Common Control Physical Channel (P-
CCPCH)___transmite BCH (Provide system information to UE)
___Multiplexed with SCH(Sycn. UE to Network)
___In test Operating Mode it contains Psuedo-randombit sequence data and valid system frame number
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UMTS ADED SECURITY
The main security elements that are fromGSM
Authentication of subscribers
Subscriber identity confidentially
Subscriber Identity Module (SIM) to beremovable from terminal hardware
Radio interface encryption
Additional UMTS security features
Security against using false base stations withmutual authentication
Encryption extended from air interface only toinclude Node-B to RNC connection
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OPNET
Main Features of OPNET.Powerful Simulation tool
Development work was started in 1986 by MIL3, Inc., for military
while nowadays OPNET Technologies, Inc.
Predefined libraries and Protocols.
OPNET modelling hierarchyNETWORKDOMAIN
NODE DOMAIN
PROCESS DOMAIN
SIMULATIONS &ANALYSIS
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OPNET
OPNETObject
palette
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OPNET
UMTSNetwork
In
OPNET
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SCNERIO 1
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OPNET
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SCNERIO 2
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OPNET
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SCNERIO 3
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OPNET
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HUAWEI VS UMTS
Latin America's First UMTS Network is
Constructed by Huawei
After one year of testing, ANTEL purchases the
UMTS equipments from Huawei. Huawei
provides the HSDPA-based end-to-end UMTS
solution for ANTEL.