into the wild- integration of human-derived microorganisms ... · • fiona mcdougall – ghff ......
TRANSCRIPT
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Into the wild: integration of human-derived microorganisms into flying fox microbiomes
MICHELLE POWER BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
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Collaborators and Acknowledgments
• Fiona McDougall – GHFF • Jen Sullivan – BFF • Jenny MacLean Tolga Bat Hospital • Kerryn Parry-Jones – Wildlife Arc • Shoalhaven Bat Clinic • WIRES • Sydney Wildlife • Beth Noel and Maxine Groves (Sutherland Shire Council) • Amara Glynn (Royal Botanic Garden)• Wayne Boardman – University of Adelaide • Juliane Schaer – Humboldt University • David Gordon (ANU) • Michelle Baker (CSIRO) • Adam McKeown and David Westcott (CSIRO)
I acknowledge the traditional owners of this land, and pay my respects to Elders past, present and emerging.
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Non-viral diseases and flying fox health
Enteric parasitesEndemic bacteria
Pathogenic bacteriaMalarial parasites
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A complexity of factors drive disease outcomes
How do bacterial and parasite infections change relative to different environments?
Disease tetrad
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Human drivers and disease dynamics
Domestic animal
Human
• Encroachment • Introduction • Spill-over and ‘spill-back’
• Agricultural • intensification
Translocation
• Encroachment • Ecological change
• Travel • Urbanisation • Population size
• Technology • Production • Disease
Daszak et al, Science 2000
Wildlife
Zooanthroponosis
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Disease agents and flying fox health environments
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Antibiotic resistance and wildlife
Ability of bacteria to overcome action of antibiotics
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Genetic determinants of resistanceClass 1 integron
Pool of genes in the environment
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Integrons disseminate resistance within and between bacterial species
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Detecting antibiotic resistance
PHENOTYPE ANALYSIS
PCR
Detection of resistance genes
DNA sequencing
DNA
GENETIC ANALYSIS
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Antibiotic resistance in Australian WildlifeVARIABLE CONNECTIVITY TO HUMANS
Images: Sea lion - R Harcourt; Possum Stilgherrian Flickr creative commons 16251601655 ; Bat iStock; Others M Power
Pinnipeds Tasmanian devil
Possum Rock wallabies
Flying fox
Little penguin
MARINE URBAN GRADIENT CONSERVATION
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Antibiotic resistance genes (class 1 integrons) in captive and wild hosts
Antibiotic resistance genes in wildlife%
pre
vale
nce
0
15
30
45
60
Flying fox Brush-tailed rock wallaby Australian Sealion
CaptiveWild
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Antibiotic resistant genes in flying foxes
McDougall, Gordon, Boardman and Power – In prep
qacE∆
aadA2
blaOXA-21
qacH|aacA34
qacF
dfrA21
dfrA5
aadA1
dfrA1
gcuD
blaOXA-2
14
16
captive
wild
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Antibiotic resistant E. coli in flying foxes
• Tested a panel of fourteen common antibiotics • Trimethoprim • Aminoglycosides x 3 • Fluoroquinolones x 2 • Beta –lactams x 7
• Low level of ESBL resistant bacteria in grey-headed flying foxes • Amoxycillin • Amoxycillin + clavulanic acid • Cephalexin • Cephazolin • Cefotaxime
McDougall, Boardman and Power – unpublished data
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Resistant bacteria in flying foxes – why is this significant?
• Wildlife health • Are flying foxes impacted but resistant bacteria? • Resistance indicates transfer of human-associated bacteria to flying foxes
- disease risks? • Genetic machinery transfer to microbiota? • What are the risks of releasing animals with antibiotic resistant bacteria
into wild populations?
• Treatment implications • Treatment can select for bacteria with resistant genes • Antibiotic may not work
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Non-viral diseases and flying fox healthGrey-headed flying fox and Black flying fox
Enteric parasitesEndemic bacteria
Pathogenic bacteriaMalarial parasites