intex technology

7/21/2019 Intex Technology

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Abstract Summary

Finance constitutes the backbone of any business organisation. Every person

has to manage finance quite frequently during his entire life span. The

research work entitled INTEX TECHNOLOGY. aims to know cash

management by Intex. The present report is a part of the project that contains

the work done by me during the training period at Intex Technoo!y.

nder the study main focus is to put light on the working of the company

related to cash management. In this report it has been studied that how

company manages its cash by managing its receivable and payables. In order

to manage its receivables company uses to give cash discount to its customers.

In order to maintain the record of its receivables company is in contract with

!"F# bank. $ank also provides factoring service to the company by charging

some amount to the company. In order to maintain records of its receivables

bank provides the facility of #%&'#ash %anagement &ystem(.

In order to reduce the risk arising from the receivables company is incurring

cost of collection from debts. #ompany is paying large amount of money in

order to maintain its cash. It has been observed through cash flow statement

that major flow of cash is from its operating activities and company is

investing its surplus cash for investment purpose which is beneficial for the

company)s growth. #ompany cash requirement and surplus cash is manage by

the bank.

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INT"O#$CTION

"uring my summer training in the finance department at intex technologies

India ltd I have gotten the work to observe and practically settle some of the

branch expenses of the company like to settle electricity expenses* phone

expenses* travel expenses. In the company my department was finance and

account "epartment whose work is to do the same to settle all the branch

expenses and make payment for the same which will be handed over to the

admin department to take care further I was working as an observer. The mainfocus area of the company is to recruit more and more talented personnels in

the organi+ation who brings fresh blood in the company. Indeed the work of

finance and account department is very significant as any expenses of the

branch settle in this department. The main motive of this project is to show

some light on working in finance department at intex technologies.

I,TE- Technologies* an I& /00123004 company* a major business

participant in computer accessories* peripherals* life style and multimedia

products* enjoys a leading position in acceptance as a brand and caters to more

than 51 #ountries with "ubai as the main hub for &outh East 6sia* 7##*

6rabian* 6frican* 8atin 6merica* Europe and #I& regions. The vision of the

company is to make I,TE- a globally respected name and to improve the

quality of life of the people. I,TE- Technologies* "ubai recently have

forayed into fast growing mobile handset market with "ual9memory options

and built in projector for 6E* 7## : 6frica markets. I,TE- Technologies

is a 1; year old IT !ardware and Electronics company* headquartered at ,ew

"elhi. ur aggressive growth journey has been recogni+ed by reputed IT trade

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journals* consumers and channel partners through various rankings and

awards received over the years. 6mong several other awards some recent

highlights are < 8argest selling brand in =& category as per I"# India > 3*

300/ Tracker9%arket ?eview '6ugust* 300/( Intel =remier =artnership 'I==(

Track I channel association with Intel '%arch* 300/( $est @alue award for

Intex 7aming Aeyboard in #hip maga+ine* 'February* 300/( Intex is the most

persuasive brand 'in =#s( as per a survey on IndiaBs Favorite IT $rands in =#

>uest '&eptember* 3004( ?E#%%E,"E" 6ward for Intex IT 33 T@ 8#"

%onitor from 6@ %6- %aga+ine 'ctober* 3004( I,,@6TI,

#!6%=I, : &T6? 6#!IE@E? award from Intel '"ecember* 300C* Dune*

3004 : ,ovember* 3004( #onstant innovation is one of the pillars of the

company)s success* the business segments cover a portfolio of ; =roduct

7roups spread across more than ;0 products ranging from "esktops*

,otebooks* TFT98#" monitors* "@" players* !ome Theatre &ystems*

&ubwoofers* !eadphones* %= =layers* eb #ameras* =& and #omputer

=eripherals to name just a few. In several product groups such as

&peakersG&ubwoofers* =&* Aeyboard* %ouse* 6dd9on cards* etc.* the

company enjoys leading market shares in many states in India and in the

global market. I,TE- has a strong technical department in #hina which is

well9equipped with modern facilities and highly qualified engineers looking

after product development* specifications* benchmarking* quality up9

gradation* technology development and scanning* etc. This activity ensures

that state9of9the9art products are offered as per the latest global standards.

&ales are routed through a network of retailers* resellers and distributors. The

gamut of marketing* brand positioning and communication activities are based

on the concept of 9 B8ife @ersion 3.0B. ItBs about the human aspiration to

experience future and live life which nobody has lived before. In order to

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position the brand in the right spirit at the international milieu* I,TE- has

been making inroads in various countries with direct presence in India*

6ustralia* #hina* !ong Aong* 6E* &outh 6frica and ,igeria and plans to

expand operations in ?ussia in coming years.

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Ob%ect&'es o( Stu)y

To &tudy #ash management of the company.

To study cash budgeting technique used by the company.

To study factors affecting cash budget of the company.

To study bank charges charged by the bank for cash management.

To study various services provided by bank to company for cash

management.

To analyse and give suggestions for better management of cash.

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INTEX TECHNOLOGY

=rofile

Estab&she) 2 1//5

Hea)*uarters 2 ,ew "elhi

+ro)ucts2 #ommenced business with just one item 9 Ethernet cards 9

in 1//5 Today more than 3/5 &As spread over 0 product groups

Cert&(&cat&on 2 I& /0012 3004

Stan)&n!2 The only company in India offering such a wide range of

I#T products under one brand across India through its own sales

: service network

Intex Technologies 'India( ltd.* incepted in the year 1//5 is a major player in

India in mobile handset* consumer durables and IT accessories. 6 pioneer in

technology* Intex Technologies has a =6,9India presence through its wide

network comprising 3/ stock and sales offices and over 400 service touch

points. The company is known for its consistent policy of transparent* fair andethical trade practices.

It)s a I& /001 2 3004 #ertified #ompany

ith years of innovation and invaluable asset of more than 3000 employees*

Intex Technologies has established itself as a trusted name in the industry

today. The company)s flagship brand BI,TE-B covers H business segments

which are mobile handsets* consumer durables* IT accessories and retail. The

$rand exhibits an exhaustive portfolio of more than 1; product categories

ranging from mobile handsets* multimedia speakers* 8E" T@s* washing

machines to name a few.

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The company has state of the art #entre for ?esearch and "evelopment in

India and #hina which is well9equipped with modern equipments and is

headed by highly qualified and experienced team looking after product design

: development. These facilities ensure products are offered in line with latest

global standards.

IntexBs manufacturing domain comprises factories in India and #hina

manufacturing diverse products.

Intex is an I& /00123004 certified company. The company)s operations are

managed on a world9class collaborative business solution < &6= on a @irtual

=rivate network.

%oving at a #67? of H1.03 over the last financial years* the company

has reached a turnover of more than ?s 30*000 million '3000 crore( in FJ 19

1H. The company clocked a phenomenal growth of 100 in its overall

turnover in FJ 191H over the previous year.

&ales are routed through a distribution network comprising 1100K distributors

and ;0*000K dealers spread across the country. =roducts are also available at

more than 3;0 dedicated counters of reputed chains of hyper markets and

specialty stores across the country* on T@ shopping channels and e9commerce

sites.

Intex has global presence and Intex)s products are available in more than C0

countries worldwide.

C $usiness @erticals divided into

; product verticals uality people. Enhance work culture : environment.

$etter and effective communication.

ptimise resource management.

&et benchmarking standards for corporate governance.

&ustained sales and profitability.

Goas

#ompany reali+e their vision by

%arket leadership.

Ethical practices.

Innovating in all facets of life.

#aring for the stakeholders.

plifting the L"eprivedL by providing !ealthcare* Education*

@ocational Training and basic needs.

#onducting ourselves as good citi+ens.

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Inno'at&on

#onstant innovation is one of the pillars of the company)s success* the

business segments cover a portfolio of ; =roduct 7roups spread across more

than ;0 products ranging from "esktops* ,otebooks* TFT98#" monitors*

"@" players* !ome Theatre &ystems* &ubwoofers* !eadphones* %=

=layers* eb #ameras* =& and #omputer =eripherals to name just a few. In

several product groups such as &peakersG&ubwoofers* =&* Aeyboard* %ouse*

6dd on cards* etc.* the company enjoys leading market shares in many states

in India and in the global market. Intex Technologies* "ubai has forayed into

fast growing market of Tablet =# since 3011. Intex has already launched

Triple &imhandsets* apart from "ual &im* "ual9memory options and built in

projector for 6E : 7## market. Intex mobiles cover one year warranty

which is extended to more than ;0 service centers across India and to 1;

other service centers internationally.

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+ro)ucts o( Intex Technoo!y

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1eraa

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"an!e Lea(et 2 3eature +hones

Front $ack

"an!e Lea(et 2 S4ea5ers

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"an!e Lea(et 2 LE# T/

"an!e Lea(et 2 6ash&n! ach&ne

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ST"ATEGIC ALLIANCES

I,TE-Bs 6lliances and =artnerships ensure their customers receive the best

the industry has to offer. I,TE-Bs innovative products and services are

underpinned by technology and solutions provided through partnerships with

industry9leading organi+ations. &ome of them are as follows2

I,"I6, #E8886? 6&I6TI,$E 'Top =anel

%akers* #hina(

Ch&4set com4an&es

%ediatek >ualcomm $roadcomm

&preadtrum

@6&

$$% hats6pp &aavn

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&ony 8ive 7etIt e#hat

Mappak 7ameloft !ungama

$igfilx "isney 8-

pera >ickr ,ewshunt

,a+araa 8ookeys

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L&terature "e'&e7

CASH ANAGEENT

#ash flow is the oxygen that brings your business to life. 6s surely as you

cannot livewithout air* a business will grind to a halt if starved for cash.

#ash %anagement is concerned with the management of collections and

disbursement of cash* determination of optimum level of cash and investment

of surplus cash into securities. #ash management includes management of

cash inflow* cash outflow* estimation of cash requirement* ascertaining cost of

managing cash* techniques of managing cash. #ash management also includes

management of cash as well as cash equitant i.e. $ank accounts etc. #ash

management is done because all the transactions in the business in done in

cash* sothere is need for estimation of cash in future for smooth running of the

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business. &o cashmanagement is very important for every organi+ation.

If at any time* because of a lack of cash* a corporation fails to pay an

obligation when it is due*the corporation is insolvent. Insolvency is the

primary reason firms go bankrupt.

bviously* the prospect of such dire consequence compels companies to

manage their cash with care. %oreover*efficient cash management means

more than just preventing bankruptcy. It improves the profitability and

reduces the risk the firm is exposed to.

6 successful business rests on sound recordkeeping practices and solid cash

flow. ithout goodrecords it is impossible to determine the financial

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condition or profitability of a business.&imilarly* in order to survive a small

business must achieve a positive cash flow in the long term.This Financial

7uide provides the basic information the owner of a small business need

toestablish good recordkeeping practices in your business and to minimi+e

cash flow problems.

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Ob%ect&'es

To make payment according to the payment schedule.

To meet cash disbursement needs of the firm on a continuous : regular

basis.

To minimi+e funds in the form of cash balance which remains idle.

To prevent bankruptcy

7ood relation with bank

7ood relation with trade creditors : suppliers.

To lead strong credit rating

To meet unexpected cash expenditure

To maintain balance level

To identify surplus cash

To identifying the points of shortfalls : to plan : arrange adequate

cash

To improve the profitability of the firm

To keeps the bank overdraft limit under control

To strike a balance between liquidity : profitability

To make instant cash payments : avail of the facilities of cash

discounts.

To take advantage of speculative opportunities

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CASH -$#GET

#ash budget is extremely important* especially for small businesses* because

it allows a company to determine how much credit it can extend to customers

before it begins to have liquidity problems.

For individuals* creating a cash budget is a good method for determining

where their cash is regularly being spent. This awareness can be beneficial

because knowing the value of certain expenditures can yield opportunities for

additional savings by cutting unnecessary costs. For example* without setting

a cash budget* spending a dollar a day on a cup of coffee seems fairly

unimpressive. !owever* upon setting a cash budget to account for regular

annual cash expenditures* this seemingly small daily expenditure comes out to

an annual total of N5;* which may be better spent on other things. If you

frequently visit specialty coffee shops* your annual expenditure will be

substantially more.

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"ESEA"CH ETHO#OLOGY

"ESEA"CH ETHO#OLOGY

?esearch methodology is a way to systematically solve the research problem.

The research methodology included various methods and techniques for

conducting a research. O%arketing ?esearch is a systematic design* collection*

analysis* and reporting of data and finding relevant solution to a specific

marketing situation or problem.P &ciences define research as O the

manipulation of things* concepts or symbols for the purpose of generali+ing to

extend* correct or verify knowledge* whether that knowledge aids in

construction of theory or in practice of an art.P ?esearch is thus* an original

contribution to the existing stock of knowledge marketing for its

advancement* the purpose of research is to discover answers to the questions

through the application of scientific procedure. %y research project has a

specified framework for collecting the data in an effective manner. &uch

framework is called O?esearch "esignP. The research process which was

followed by me consisted following steps.

"efining the problem : ?esearch bjectives

It is said* O6 problem well defined is half solvedP. The step is to define the

project under study and deciding the research objective. The definition of

problem includes study of cash management techniques used by the Intex

Technology.

"eveloping the ?esearch =lan2

The second stage of research calls for developing the efficient plan for

gathering the needed information. "esigning a research plan calls for decision

on the data sources* research approach* research instruments* and contacts

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methods. The research is descriptive in nature and is aimed at analy+ing

techniques used by the company for cash management.

The development of ?esearch plan has the following &teps2

a.( "ata &ources

Two types of data were taken into consideration i.e. =rimary data and

secondary data. %y major emphasis was on gathering the primary data. The

secondary data has been used to make things more clear.

1. =rimary "ata2 "irect collection of data from the source of information*

including personal interviewing from the 7eneral %anager in finance and

other finance officers in the company etc.

3. &econdary "ata2 Indirect collection of data from sources containing past

or recentinformation like* 6nnual =ublications* $ooks* ,ewspaper and

%aga+ines etc.

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"esearch &nstrument

6 questionnaire was constructed for my queries. 6 >uestionnaire consisting of

a set of questions was presented to respondents for their answers.

a.( &ampling =lan

The sampling plan calls for three decisions.

1. &ampling unit2 ho is to be interviewedQ

The target person must be defined that has to be interviewed. It is necessary so

as to gather information so that person interviewed has full knowledge about

the information.

3. #ontact %ethods

nce the person to be interviewed is determined* the question is how the

subject should be contracted i.e. by telephone* mail or personal interview.

!ere in this research* I have contacted the respondents through personal

interviews.

. #ollecting the information

The collection of data is a tedious task. For conducting any sort of research

data was needed. &o for my research* there was plenty of primary data and for

increasing the validity of information collected* some books* journals*

pamphlets* information about the company were studied and taken into

considerations. 6fter this* I have collected the information from the

respondents with the help of questionnaire.

a.( #ollection of =rimary "ata2 =rimary "ata is the data collected fromthe original source. In my survey and study* there was optimum availability of

primary data because every aspect was witnesses carefully at each point.

>uestionnaire and personal interviews were the main instruments* which were

used for collecting primary data.

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b.( #ollection of &econdary "ata2 &econdary "ata is the one which has

already been collected by someone else and some other person is using that

information. The source of secondary data was* some related books and

websites related to the company. The competent staff of the company helped

me a lot in providing information about the company.

c.( 6naly+e the Information2 The next step is to extract the pertinent

findings from the collected data. I have tabulated the collected data and

developed frequency distributions. Thus the whole data was grouped aspect

wise and was presented in tabular form. Thus* frequencies* comparison and

percentages were prepared to render impact of the study.

+resentat&on o( (&n)&n!s8

This is the last and important step in the research process. The findings are

presented in the form of graphs* pie charts* conclusions* suggestions and

recommendations after data analysis.

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LIITATIONS O3 THE ST$#Y

1( There are various methods of analysing the same data.

3( 8imited access to secondary data pertaining to Intex Technology

performance in other regions or any other information was another problem in

finding a correct response.

( "ifficulty in getting meaningful data as data is confidential.

H( %ost of the times people don)t give appropriate information.

5( The data is analysed for limited period of time.

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ANALYSIS AN# INTE"+"ETATION

.#ompany is having contract with which provide various facilities like29

R #ollection of funds

R =ayment of fund

R =roviding guarantees

R Issuing letter of credit

R $ill discounting facility

R 6dministration of credit sales

R %aintenance of sales register

R #redit control

R =rotection from bad debts

R =rovision of Finance

R ?endering advisory services

TE"S O3 CONT"ACT O3 INTEX TECHNOLOGY 6ITH

AXIS

Cre)&t 3ac&&ty o( "s. 9.:Crores.

"ece&'abe ana!ement by INTEX IN#$ST"IES

;. A'era!e Coect&on 4er&o)

6verage collection period measures the quality of debtors. 6 short collection

period implies

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prompt payment by debtors. It reduces the chances of bad debts. &imilarly* a

longer collection

period implies too liberal and inefficient credit collection performance. It is

difficult to provide a

standard collection period of debtors. !igher period is always beneficial for

the company.

#ompany always prefers prefer advance payment from customers which

reduces the risk of bad

debts .For advance =ayment #ompany provide cash discount.

Cacuat&on o( the a'era!e coect&on 4er&o) o( the com4any

AC+ < =#ays>?=A'era!e Accounts "ece&'abe> @ =Cre)&t Saes>

year 9;B 9;

&ales 331.4/ 3.43

6verage debtorsG#losing debtors 55.0C 45.CH

"ebtors turnover ratio .C4 35./

6verage collection period 11 days 1H days

Anays&s 0 Inter4retat&on

6verage collection period for 301 is 11 days and 1H days in 301H. #ompany

is mainly focusing

on advance payment collection and providing cash discounts to the customers.

Increase in

6verage collection period is due to increase in credit sales. &ince the company

is providing 31

days period to customers even than customers are average collection period is

quite low that

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means most of payments are done on cash basis.

Cre)&t +o&cy o( Com4any

Though most consumers expect to pay cash or use a credit facility while

making a purchase*

commercial customers typically want to be billed for any products and

services they buy.

#ompany need to decide how much credit youBre willing to extend them and

under what

circumstances. ThereBs no one9si+e9fits9all credit policy99your policy will be

based on yourparticular business and cash9flow circumstances* industry standards* current

economic conditions* and the degree of risk involved.

6s company create its policy* consider the link between credit and sales. Easy

credit terms can be an excellent way to boost sales* but they can also increase

losses if customers default. 6 typical credit policy will address the following

points2

R #redit limits. #redit limit means an amount 'limit( is fixed up to which

customer can avail

credit facility. 6fter the limit is over customer cannot make billing more than

its credit limit.

To do more billing he has to make payment.

R #redit terms. If you agree to bill a customer* you need to decide when the

payment will be

due. Jour terms may also include early9payment discounts and late9payment

penalties.

I,TE-.=rovides no credit limit to its customers. #ustomer can avail credit

facility up

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to any limit it initiate increase in sale. To manage its receivables company is

using good credit

policy in which it is giving H; day credit to its customers. In order to initiate

early payment from

customers company is providing cash discount. In order to cover the risk of

non9payment from

customer company receives blank cheques from the customer under the

company name signed by

the party. In case of cheque bouncing company debits customer account with

?s.;00 per cheque.

For early payment i.e. advance payment by the customer company credits

customer account withInterest for the particular period at 15 interest rate

+ro)uct no. o( )ays

#hannel Finance H; days

,on #hannel Finance 30 days

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3actor&n! Ser'&ces by AXIS -an5

?eceivables constitute a significant portion of current assets of a firm. Firm

has to incur certain

cost such as cost of financing receivables and cost of collection from

receivable and cost of

collection from receivables. Further there is a risk of bad debts also. It is very

essential to have a

proper control on management of receivables.

&mall firms may handle the problem of receivable management of its own* but

it may not be

possible for large firms to do so efficiently as it may be exposed to the risk of

more and more bad

debts. 6 factor is financial institution which offers services relating to

management and financingof funds arising out of credit sales.

3actor ser'&ces 4ro'&)e) by ban58

;. -& #&scount&n! 3ac&&ty8

AXIS &sproviding bill discounting facility. #ompany is discounting bills of

exchange

received from customers. "iscounting of bill worked as short term finance for

the company.

AXIS -an5 &s )&scount&n! un)er (oo7&n! terms an) con)&t&ons (or

4urchase b&

)&scount&n! &m&ts.

9. -an5 Guarantee@ etter o( cre)&t8

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8etters of credit ensure that a transaction proceeds as planned* while bank

guarantees reduce the

loss if the transaction doesnBt go as planned. 6 letter of credit is an obligation

taken on by a I"$I

bank to make a payment once certain criteria are met. nce these terms are

completed and

confirmed* the bank will transfer the funds. This ensures the payment will be

made as long as the

services are performed.

6 bank guarantee* like a line of credit* guarantees a sum of money to a

beneficiary. nlike a line

of credit* the sum is only paid if the opposing party does not full fill the

stipulated obligations

under the contract. This can be used to essentially insure a buyer or seller

from loss or damage

due to non performance by the other party in a contract.

CS =Cash ana!ement Ser'&ce>

#ash management service is provided by axis bank. nder this facility proper

record of receivables is maintained by the bank. Thousands of cheques are

received by the company in a day. This is very difficult practice for company

to make records of all receivables. &o bank is providing the facility of

managing receivables from various customers.

$ank prepares #%& report for every month which contains following

information client code* transaction date* transaction date* deposit number*

product code* "r* #r amount* "rawer name* "rawer $ank* ?emarks

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CS "E+O"T INCL$#E.

Transaction "ate2 Transaction date is the date on which transaction is made.

"eposit no2 "eposit no is the number of bank voucher when deposit is made.

"eposit date2 "eposit date is the on which cheque is presented with the bank.

=roduct #ode2 =roduct #ode is the code of the bank according to which

charges are charged by

the bank.

"ebit 6mount2 "ebit amount is the amount with customer is debited

#redit 6mount2 It is the amount of cheque received by the bank and amountcredit to our

account.

"rawer2 "rawer is the name of the party by which cheque is drawn.

#&scount 4o&cy o( INTEX TECHNOLOGY"iscounting policy is very important source of making cash sale. If company

is having good

discount policy for its customers it can improve its debtor)s turnover ratio as

well as flow of cash

during the year. 7ood discount policy initiates customers to make early cash

payment which

helps benefit both the customer as well as company. "iscount policy generally

includes two types

of discounts.

Types of "iscounts

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R #ash "iscount

R Trade "iscount

#ash "iscount2

6n incentive that a seller offers to a buyer in return for paying a bill owed

before the scheduled

due date. The seller will usually reduce the amount owed by the buyer by a

small percentage or a

set dollar amount. If used properly* cash discounts improve the days9sales9

outstanding aspect of a businessBs cash conversion cycle.

#ompany is providing different rates of cash discount for different products.

$y providing cash

discount company is inviting early cash payment by its customers. Following

are the rates of discount which company is providing for different products.

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Cost &ncurre) by the Com4any (or coect&on o( )ebts

?eceivables constitute a significant portion of current assets of a firm. Firm

has to incur certain

cost such as cost of financing receivables and cost of collection from

receivable and cost of

collection from receivables. Further there is a risk of bad debts also. It is very

essential to have a

proper control on management of receivables. #ompany incur following cost

for collection ofreceivables.

1. 8egal =rocedure #ost

3. $ad debts cost

. $ank charge '#%& charges(

8egal =rocedure #ost2

#ompany is following procedure for collection of debts. In #ase of bounce

back of cheque of the customer the customer is credited with ?s. ;00 for each

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cheque. In case of non payment a notice is sent to the party for non payment

with cost the company ?s. ;;0 for every notice. In case of no response from

the party a complaint is filed against the party with cost ?s. HH00 and other

expenses incurred are ?s. 1000. In case the party is making payment number

of persons is sent to the party for collection of payment whose cost depends

upon number of person sent* cost per person and number of days person is

sent.

Cash (o7 statement

%eaning of #ash Flow &tatement2#ash flow statement* also known as statement of cash flows or funds flow

statement is a

financial statement that shows how changes in balance sheet accounts and

income affect cash and cash equivalents* and breaks the analysis down to

operating* investing* and financing activities. Essentially* the cash flow

statement is concerned with the flow of cash in and cash out of the business.

The statement captures both the current operating results and the

accompanying changes in the balance sheet. 6s an analytical tool* the

statement of cash flows is useful in determining the short9term viability of a

company* particularly its ability to pay bills. International 6ccounting

&tandard C 'I6& C( is the International 6ccounting &tandard that deals with

cash flow statements.

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+ur4ose o( Cash 3o7 Statement

The cash flow statement reflects a firmBs liquidity. The balance sheet is a

snapshot of a firmBs financial resources and obligations at a single point in

time* and the income statement summari+es a firmBs financial transactions

over an interval of time. These two financial statements reflect the accrual

basis accounting used by firms to match revenues with the expenses

associated with generating those revenues. The cash flow statement includes

only inflows and outflows of cash and cash equivalentsS it excludes

transactions that do not directly affect cash receipts and payments. These

noncash transactions include depreciation or write9offs on bad debts or credit

losses to name a few. The cash flow statement is a cash basis report on three

types of financial activities2 operating activities* investing activities* and

financing activities. ,oncash activities are usually reported in footnotes. The

cash flow statement is intended to2

1. =rovide information on a firmBs liquidity and solvency and its ability to

change cash flows in future circumstances.

3. =rovide additional information for evaluating changes in assets* liabilities

and equity

. Improve the comparability of different firmsB operating performance by

eliminating the

effects of different accounting methods

H. Indicate the amount* timing and probability of flows

3orecast&n! Techn&*ue use) by INTEX IN#$ST"IES

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#ash forecasting is very important aspect of managing cash. Insufficient funds

may lead to

disturbance in smooth running of the business. Excess cash can be invested in

short term

securitiesie. Excess holding of cash may lead to loss of income. &o in order to

get maximum benefit neither there should be excess cash nor insufficient cash.

6n expert knowledge is required forecasting cash.

#ash can be managed by forecasting the receivables since we know amply

number of cheque are received by the company during the period . n the

other payment side all the expenses due on average basis and the amount of

payments are forecasted with the minimum balance required cash required is

forecasted and insufficient funds should be deposited and excess amount

should

be invested in short term securities.

I,TE- I,"&T?IE&.is in contract in with 6-I& for forecasting their cash.

#ompany receives

post9datedcheque from its customers in advance and record of all the cheques

received is

maintained through #%& report by 6-I& bank. 6nd record of all the cheques

to be presented with the bank given to the vendor by the company is also kept.

"ay cash requirement is forecasted by forecasting the day expenses at the end

of the day if there are sufficient funds these are invested in short term

securities and if there are insufficient funds bank overdraft facility is activated

for short term. #ompany is having limit of 300 cr. which is not been fully

utili+ed by the company so major forecasting is not required by the company.

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In case of major investment i.e. 8ong term investment projects cash is

forecasted by the 6-I& bank. #ost of funds to be raised is forecasted and

cheaper source is accepted.

-an5 "econc&&at&on Statement

6 businessman maintains several books of accounts out of which cash book is

an important book.

$y cash book* we refer to three column cash book having bank column on

both the sides. For traders or customer bank account is an asset account and

therefore it is debited whenever money is deposited and debits all the

withdrawals. Thus the transactions appearing on the debit sides of the bank

column of cash book will be shown by the bank in the deposit column of

passbook and entries on the credit side of cash book will appear in the

withdrawal column of pass book further it can be inferred that the debitbalance of bank account in the book of trader should be equal to credit balance

of traders account in the books of trader should be equal to credit balance of

bank account in the book of trader should be equal to debit balance of

passbook.

"easons (or )&((erence

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1. #heque deposited but not credited by bank.

3. #heque issued but not yet presented.

. $ank #harges.

H. "irect receipt by the bank.

;. Interest charged by bank.

5. Interest allowed by bank.

C. "irect payment by bank.

4. $ill discounted but dishonoured.

/. Error on the part of trader.

10. Errors committed by bank.

$ank reconciliation statement is maintained on daily basis by I,TE-. &ince

there are

thousands of transactions every day. ,umbers of cheques are deposited and

large amount of charges are debited by bank. &o it creates difference in cash

book and pass book. In order to cover this difference bank reconciliation

statement is prepared. nline access is made every morning to reconcile

previous day statement. $ank reconciliation statement helps in proper cash

management. It helps to know exact cash balance in the bank and also helps in

rectifying our cash account. #ustomer account will credited only if bank has

credited the amount to our companies bank account.

S6OT Anays&s

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Stren!ths, 6ea5nesses, O44ortun&t&es, Threats

ST"ENGTH

8ow cost

&implicity Flexibility

#ollaborative

>uickness

&ince its qualitative* it can be used as a discussion tool

6 good first step before a more in9depth analysis or a good summary of

detailed findings

Takes into consideration of external business environment as well as

internal capabilities

6EE1NESS

It may tend to persuade companies to compile lists rather than think

about what is actually important in achieving objectives

,o suggestions for solving disagreements

#an become too focused on the short term

,o obligation to verify statements or aspects based on the data or the

analysis

It also presents the resulting lists uncritically and without clear

prioriti+ation

TH"EAT

Increasing competition from low cost manufacturing companies any legal formalites

6rticle C0

7rowth in Turnover 'I,? %illion(

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;. Tentat&'e Seect&on o( the +robem8

6t the very outset the researcher must single out the problem he wants to

study. In an academic institution he can seek the help from a guide 'who is ore

experienced and who has several study problems in his mind( in this task but

in a 7overnment "epartment the problem will be enmarked by the

administrative agencies. &electing the appropriate problem is the secret of

success in research.

9. In&t&a Sur'ey o( L&terature8

Two types of literature may be reviewed9 the conceptual literature concerning

the concepts and theoriesS the research literature consisting of studies made

earlier which are similar to one proposed. The basic outcome of this initial

survey of literature is what is known as a Oframe of referenceP for the

research. If this frame of reference is successfully developed then the

researcher is able to satisfy his own research problem in meaningful context.

B. Seect&n! the "esearch +robem8

The initial survey of literature and the discussion with the research guide

should enable the researcher to pick up a topic which heGshe may undertake. It

should not be too broad or too narrow. !ence this step 'of defining the

research problem( is of the great importance in research methodology. The

problem to be investigated must be defined unambiguously for that will help

in discriminating relevant data from irrelevant once. #are mustS however* be

taken to verify the objectivity and validity of the background fact concerning

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the problem before defining it. +ro(. 6.A. Ne&s7an!er correctly states that

Ostatement of the objective is of basic importance because it determines the

data which are to be collected* the characteristics of data which are relevant*

relation which are to be explored* the choice of technique to be used in the

explorations and the form of the final report.P nce the problem is selected* a

brief summary of it should be written down. It is compulsory requirement of a

research worker writing a thesis for =h.". degree to write a synopsis of the

topic and submit it to the ?esearch $oard for obtaining the latter)s approval.

. S4ec&(&cat&on o( the In(ormat&on "e*u&re)8

6fter extensive literature survey* the researcher should give attention to the

specification of the require information i.e.* heGshe should specifically

mention the information heGshe is going to collect in order to study the

problem under consideration and also the sources of collecting this

information. "ata is generally classified either as primary or secondary.

=rimary data refers to the information which has originated directly as a result

of the particular problem under investigation. #are must be taken while using

secondary data that the must be relevant* can be adjusted to the problem* and

is reliable. The sources of secondary data are many9 there is a wealth of

published information available from 7overnment departments* trade

associations* banks professional bodies* research organi+ations* the press and

various other agencies. The unpublished information with various bodies and

organi+ations along with the researcher himself can as well be used.

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D. #es&!n o( the "esearch +ro%ect8

The researcher will then be required to prepare a design of the research

project. The research design refers to the conceptual structure within which

the research is conducted. "esearch )es&!n &s the arran!ement o(

con)&t&ons (or coect&on an) anays&s o( )ata &n a manner that a&ms to

comb&ne ree'ance to the research 4ur4ose 7&th economy &n 4roce)ure.P

The preparation of the design involves the consideration of the following2

i. The means of obtaining type the informationS

ii. The availability and skills of the research staff andGor

agenciesS

iii. %ethodology i.e.* a detailed explanation of the way in

which selected means of obtaining information 'for

instance* observation studies* questionnaires* etc.( will be

organi+ed and the reasoning leading to the selectionS

iv. The time and cost of the research.

. Sam4e )es&!n8

6ll the items under consideration in any field of inquiry constitute niverse)

or =opulation). 6 complete enumeration of all the items in the population) is

known as a census enquiry. It can be presumed that in such an inquiry when

all the items are covered* no element of chance is left and highest accuracy is

obtained. $ut in practice this may not be true. Even the element of bias in

such an inquiry will get larger and larger as the number of observation

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increases. %oreover* there is no way of checking the element of bias or its

extent except through a survey or use of sample checks. $esides* this type of

inquiry involves a great deal of time* money and energy. Therefore* when the

field of inquiry is large* this method become difficult to adopt in view of the

resources involved. 6t times* this method practically beyond the reach of

ordinary researchers. =erhaps* 7overnment is the only institution which can

get complete enumeration carried out. Even the government adopts this in

very rare cases such as population census conducted once in a decade. Further*

many times it is not possible to examine every element in the population and

sometimes it is possible to obtain sufficiently accurate results by studying

only a part of total population. In such cases there is no utility of census

surveys. $ut one should as well remember that when the universe is small* it

is of no use resorting on a sample survey. !ence* when field studies are

undertaken in practical life* considerations of time and cost almost invariably

lead to contact being made with a selection of respondents i.e.* selection of

only a few items. The respondents constitute what is technically called a

sample and the selection process is called sampling technique and the survey

so conducted is known as the sample survey.

:. Coect&on o( #ata Construct&on o( Fuest&onna&re8

"ata 'primary( can be collected either through observation or through direct

communication with respondents whether by mail* telephone or personal

interviews. The main features along with points of merits and demerits of each

of the important methods are as following2

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a> Obser'at&ona etho)8

The observation method is most commonly used specially in studies relating

to consumer behavior. nder this method the information is sought by way of

investigator)s own observation without asking from the respondents. For

instance* instead of asking the brand of wrist watch used by the respondents*

an investigator may himself look at the watch. The main advantage of this

method is that subjective bias is eliminated if observation is done accurately.

&econdly* the information obtained under this method relates to what is

currently happening* it is not complicated by either the past behavior or future

intentions or attitudes. $ut the main drawbacks of this method are2 I( it is an

expensive method and II( the information provided by this method is very

limited.

b> a&&n! o( Fuest&onna&res8

The method of collecting data by mailing the questionnaires to the

respondents with a request to return after completing it is most extensively

employed in various economic and business surveys. The main claimed in

favor of this method are as following2

1. 8ow cost even when the universe is large and spread widely

geographicallyS

3. Free from the bias of the interviewerS

. ?espondents have more time to give well thought answersS

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H. ?espondents who are not easily approachable can also be reached

convenientlyS

;. 8arge samples can be made use of and thus the results be made more

dependable and reliable.

The main )emer&ts usually listed are2

1. 8ow rate of return of the duly filled questionnairesS

3. #an be used only when respondents are educated and co9operatingS

. Inbuilt inflexibility because there is always the difficulty of

amending the approach once questionnaires have been dispatchedS

H. =ossibility of ambiguous replies or omission of replies altogether to

certain questionsS

;. "ifficulty of knowing whether willing respondents are truly

representativeS

5. The problem of constantly updating the mailing list.

$efore using this method it is always advisable to conduct =ilot &urvey) for

testing the questionnaires. In a big inquiry the significance of =ilot &urvey is

felt very much. =ilot survey is in fact the replica and rehearsal of the main

survey. &uch a survey being conducted by the experts bring to light the

weaknesses 'if any( of the questionnaires and also of the survey techniques.

From the experience gained in this way* the improvements can be affected.

c> +ersona &nter'&e7s8

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This method of collecting the information is usually carried out in a structured

way. In other words* under this method the investigator 'or the interviewer(

follows a rigid procedure laid down asking questions in form and order

prescribed. The chief merits of this system are2

1. %ore information and in greater depth can be obtainedS

3. Interviewer by his own skill can overcome the resistance* if any* of

the respondentsS

. There is greater flexibility under this method as the opportunity to

restructure questions is always thereS

H. bservation method can as well be applied in addition to recording

verbal answers to various questionsS

;. =ersonal information as well be obtained easily under this methodS

5. &amples can be controlled more effectively as there remains no

difficulty of the missing returns.

. Execut&on o( the +ro%ect8

Execution of the project is a very important step in the methodology of

research. If the execution of the project proceeds on correct lines* the data to

be collected would be adequate and at the same time dependable. The

researcher should see that the project is executed in a systematic manner and

in time. If the survey is to be conducted by means of structured

questionnaires* data can be readily machine9processed. In such a situation*

questions as well as the possible answers may be coded. The questionnaire

should be framed keeping in vie the essential of a good questionnaire stated

earlier. If the data are to be collected through interviewers then arrangement

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be made for proper selection and training of such interviewers. The training

may be given with the help of instruction manuals which explain clearly the

job of the interviewers at each step. ccasional field checks should be made to

ensure that the interviewers are doing their assigned job sincerely and

efficiently. 6 careful watch should as well be kept for unanticipated factors of

importance in order to keep the survey as much realistic as possible. This in

other means that steps should be taken to ensure that the survey is under

statistical control so that the collected information is in accordance with the

pre9defined standard of accuracy. If some of the respondents do not cooperate*

a suitable machinery of dealing with respondents should be set up. ne

method of dealing with the non9respond problem is to make a list of the non9

respondents and take a small sub9sample of them and then with the help of

experts vigorous efforts can be made for securing response.

. Anays&s o( #ata8

6fter the data have been collected by any one or more of method outlined

above* the same should be properly edited and then organi+ed in the form of

tables* charts or graphs. The unwieldy data should necessarily be condensed

into a few manageable tables for further analysis. This would help the

researcher in finding out the salient features of data. 6s a result* comparison is

also facilitated. hen the data have been tabulated the researcher must stray

the work of analy+ing them. The mechanical devices can be made use of at

this juncture. 6 great deal of survey work in modern time* especially in large

inquiries* is tabulated by computers. #omputers not only save time but also

make it possible to study large number of variables affecting problem

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simultaneously. The analysis work is generally based on the computation of

various percentages* derivatives* coefficients etc.* by applying various well

defined statistical formulae. In the process of analysis* relationships of

differences supporting or conflicting with original or new hypothesis should

be validity data can be said to indicate any conclusion.

;.Arr&'&n! At Genera&at&on8

If a hypothesis is tested and upheld several times* then it may be possible for

the researcher to arrive at generali+ation i.e.* to build a theory. 6s a matter of

fact* the real value of research lies in its ability to arrive at certain

generali+ation.

;;.+re4arat&on o( the "e4ort8

The last step in research methodology is to prepare the report or to write down

what has been done. The writing of the report though last but happens to be a

very important step which must be completed with great care. The following

points provide the guidelines with regard to the contents and layout of the

report2

1. The layout of the report should be as follows2

a. =reliminary pagesS

b. %ain textS

c. End matter

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In its preliminary pages the report should carry a title date followed by

acknowledgements 'in the form of =reface( and forward. Then there should be

table of contents so that the decision maker 'or anybody interested in reading

the report( can locate the required information in the report without difficulty.

Followed by this there should be list of tables and list of groups and diagrams

'if any( given in the report.

Then comes the main text of report. The main text of the report should have

the following sections2

a. Intro)uct&on8

The purpose of introduction is to introduce the research project to the readers.

It should contain a clear statement of the objective of the research and an

explanation of the methodology adopted in conducting the survey. The scope

of the study should be clearly stated and the boundary lines demarcated. The

various limitations may as well be narrated under which the research project

was completed.

b. Summary o( (&n)&n!s8

6fter introduction there would appear a statement of findings and

recommendations in non9technical language. If the findings are extensive*

they should be summari+ed.

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c. a&n re4ort8

The main body of the report should be presented in logical sequence and

broken down into readily identifiable sections.

). Concus&on an) &m4&cat&ons8

Towards the end of the main text the researcher should again put down the

results of his research clearly and precisely. In fact* it is the final summing up.

6t the end of the report* appendices should be enlisted in respect of all

technical data such as questionnaire* sample information* and the like ones.

$ibliography should as well be given in the end. Index should also be

invariably given specially in a published research or thesis.

ETHO#OLOGY A#O+TE# IN THE +"ESENT ST$#Y

;. To4&c o( "esearch8

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The topic of the present study is O%easuring $rand 6wareness of I,TE-

#omputersP

9. The "esearch +robem8

The problem of research is to make an analysis about increasing the awareness

of people about latest technology of I,TE- #omputers and to conduct a

research about the customer feedback and knowing their requirement

according to the competitive market .

B. S4ec&(&cat&on o( the In(ormat&on8

&ince the study is based on market demand of I,TE- #omputers and

examine the customer attitude at 7adarpur and ?udrapur for I,TE- Info

systems 8td. and there is no such or similar existing program in the

organi+ation. &o information related to the basic data requirements as well as

information regarding some existing industrial status of district needed to

fulfill the objective.

. #es&!n o( "esearch +ro%ect8

The ?esearch design adopted for this study is as follows2

The study is on O%easuring brand awareness and comparative

analysisP with regards to the I,TE- Info systems 8td at ?udrapur.

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The study is being made to develop a report regarding industrial

development rapidly taking place at ?udrapur.

$oth primary and secondary data is needed to suit the need of the

research work.

&econdary data of the research have been obtained from the external

sources and the primary data have been gathered by the help of a

questionnarie.

The time of the study is 3 months from Dune 300C to 6ugust 300C.

The report is prepared in formulative style of research.

D. Coect&on o( #ata@ Construct&on o( Fuest&onna&re8

"ata 'primary data( can be collected through observation or through direct

communication with respondents whether by mail* telephone interviews. In

the present study the data collected through direct communication with

respondents by interviewing them personally. "ata collected by means of

allocating and getting the questionnaire* felled from the various recogni+ed

persons in ?udrapur.

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. Execut&on o( the +ro%ect8

The tenure of the research is 3 months i.e.* from 10 thDune 300C to 10th6ugust

300C. 6nd it has been carefully taken into consideration that the project must

cover this time of two months. The project has been prepared in a systematic

manner and all the scrutiny regarding the project has been taken place.

:. Anays&s o( #ata

The analysis of the study is generally based on the computation of various

percentages* derivatives* coefficients* etc.* by applying various well defined

statistical formulae e.g.* mean* median etc. "ata are in fact analy+ed with the

help of various statistical measures.

. Arr&'&n! at Genera&at&on8

6fter preparing the whole research work it has been concluded that the report

should be very clear and intended towards its objective and survey should be

sound enough to arrive at a conclusion that can clearly show the impact of

industrial development.

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. +re4arat&on o( the "e4ort8

The present report has been prepared by noticing and keeping in mind all the

ins and outs of and ideal project report. The present research work can be

divided in three main parts2

a. =reliminary pagesS

b. %ain textS

c. End matter.

In its preliminary pages the report carries the title and date followed by

acknowledgement. Then there is a table of contents* so that the decision maker

may locate the required information in the report without difficulty.

Then comes the main text of the report. It has the following main sections2

&. Intro)uct&on8

It includes the purpose* scope and clear statement of research problem.

&&. Summary an) 3&n)&n!s8

6fter introductory part there appears a statement of findings and

recommendations in non9technical language.

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&&&. Concus&on an) Im4&cat&on8

6t the end of the main text the results of the study has been mentioned

precisely.

&'. En) atter8

6t the end of the report bibliography is enlisted in respect of all data.

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SOURCES OF DATA

The task of data collection begins after a research problem has been identified

and research designGplan chalked out while deciding about the method of data

collection to be used for the study the researcher should keep in mind two

types of data vi+.* primary and secondary. The primary data are those which

are collected afresh and for the first time* and thus happen to be original in

nature. The secondary data on the other hand are those which have already

been collected by someone else and which have already been passed through

the statistical process. The researcher would have to decide which sort of data

heGshe would be using for his study and accordingly he will have to select one

or other method of data collection.

The sources of information or data are generally classified as9 +r&mary an)

Secon)ary.

"ifferent scholars have classified the sources of information differently. f

the some more important views are as follows2

1. Accor)&n! to +/ Youn!,the sources of information can be classified

into documentary sources and field sources. hile the first includes

books* manuscripts* diaries and letters* the second includes the

information given by individuals.

3. Accor)&n! to 6.A. -a!ey* the sources of information may be

classified into primary and secondary sources. =rimary sources include

the actual information received from the individuals directly concerned

with the problems of the study. It also includes such phenomena by

observing which some information and facts may be discovered. The

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secondary sources of information include all types of published* public

or private documents and other such types of information.

. Accor)&n! to G.A. Lun)ber!* the sources of information may be

classified as historical sources and field sources. The historical sources

include sources representing the past incidents. For example* some

inscriptions on stones* of the ages of 6shoka the great* can be authentic

sources of information bout his time. !istorical sources give

information about the conditions and incidents which cannot be known

through observation or any other means of information. Thus historical

sources include documents* papers* and stone inscriptions concerning

past as well as the articles discovered through excavations. The field

sources include information received from concerned persons and also

through the observation of their behavior.

PRIMARY DATA

=rimary data are of original nature because these data are the data which are

collected by the researcher for the first time to suit his specific need of the

research. =rimary data can be collected either through observation or through

direct communication with respondents whether by mail* telephone or

personal interviews. The main features along with points of merits and

demerits of each of the important methods used in collecting the data for

present study are as followsU

;. Fuest&onna&re etho)8

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The method of collecting data by the means of distributing questionnaires to

the respondents with a request to return after completing it is most extensively

employed in various economic and business surveys. In the present study the

questionnaire have been distributed to the peoples living in the surroundings

of ?udrapur. The merits claimed in favor of this method are as followsU

i. 8ow cost even when the universe is large and spread widely

geographically.

ii. Free from the bias of the interviewer.

iii. ?espondents have more time to give well thought answers.

iv. ?espondents who are not easily approachable can also be reached

conveniently.

v. 8arge samples can be made use of and thus the results be made

more dependable and reliable.

? Essent&as o( a !oo) *uest&onna&re8

To be successful* questionnaire should be comparatively short and simple i.e.*

the si+e of the questionnaire should be kept to a minimum. >uestions should

proceed in logical sequence moving from easy to more difficult questions.

=ersonal and intimate questions should be left to the end. Technical terms*

vague expression capable of different interpretations should be avoided in a

questionnaire. >uestions may be dichotomous 'yes or mo answers(* multiple

choice 'alternative answers listed( or open9ended. The latter type of questions

is often difficult to analy+e and hence be avoided in a questionnaire to the

extent possible. There should be some control questions) in the questionnaire

which indicate the reliability of the respondents. For example* a question

designed determine consumption of particular materials may be asked first in

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terms of financial expenditure and later in terms of weight the information

collected is correct or not. >uestions affecting the sentiments of respondents

are avoided. 6dequate space for ease of editing and tabulation. There should

always be provision for indications of uncertainty e.g. Odo not knowP* Ono

preferenceP* and so on. Finally* brief directions with regard to filling up

questionnaire should invariably be given in the questionnaire itself.

9. +ersona Inter'&e7s etho)8

This method of collecting the information is usually carried out in a structured

way. In other words* under this method the investigator 'or the interviewer

follows a rigid procedure laid down asking questions in the form and order

prescribed. The chief merits of this system areU

i. %ore information and that too in greater depth can be obtained.

ii. Interviewer by his own skill can overcome the resistance* if any* of the

respondents.

iii. There is greater flexibility under this method as the opportunity to

restructure questions is always there.

iv. bservation method can as well be applied in addition to recording

verbal answers to various questions.

v. =ersonal information can as well be obtained easily under this method.

vi. &amples can be controlled more effectively as there reminds no


vii. &amples can be controlled more effectively as there remains no


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In the present study the respondents i.e.* the employees of the organi+ation

have been interviewed in order to get the information from them regarding

their personal status.

SECONDARY DATA

&econdary data are the data which have already been used by someone else*

whereas the primary data are first time collected by the research to target his

specific need of the research. 6s secondary data have already been gathered

by some one else. &o these data are not of an original nature. $ut these data

are also of great importance for a research* because they lay down a

background and a basis for working out and obtaining the primary information

for the study.

SOURCES OF SECONDARY DATA:

&econdary data may be gathered from various sources are divided in to two

major categories2

i. Internal &ources

ii. External &ources

&. Interna Sources8 Encompasses all the sales records* office records*

accounting records miscellaneous record and internal expects.

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&&. Externa Sources8 Numerous sources to the firm may have data

relevant to the firm)s requirements. &even general categories of external

information are describes in the section that follows2

;. #omputeri+ed database

9. 6ssociation

B. 7overnment 6gencies

. &yndicated service

D. "irection

. ther =ublished &ources* and

:. External Experts

In the present study the internal as well as external sources of secondary data

are deemed to be relevant and economic* thus the study is done on the bases of

company records* website and data collected through various government

offices.

DATA USED IN STUDY

$oth primary and secondary data are used in study. hile primary data is

collected through questionnaire as customer feedback form * secondary data is

collected through external sources like through internet and books * generals

etc .

SAMPLING PROCEDURE

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&ampling plays an important role in the research project. ithout sound

sampling plan and a suitable sample si+e the data will be collected from

neither the proper respondents nor the appropriate number of them.

If all possible information needed to solve a problem could be collected* there

would be no need to sample. e can rarely do this* however* because of

limitation of on the amount we can afford to spend and on the available time*

or for other reasons. e therefore must take samples.

There are various types of sampling methods in existence but it is not essential

here to mention all the methods of sampling. The method of sampling which

has been adopted in the present study is non9probability sampling method.

,on9=robability &ampling %ethod2

,on9probability sampling is that sampling procedure which does not afford

any basis for estimating the probability that each item in the population of

being included in the sampling. It is also known by different names such as

deliberate sampling* purposive sampling and judgment sampling. In this type

of sampling* items for sample are selected deliberately by the researcher * his

choice concerning the items remains supreme.

In the wake of the implication and relevance of the sampling in the present

study* the most suitable method is non9probability sampling method.

The respondents for the present study have been selected conveniently.

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The &ampling "esign2

The sampling design of the study may be developed in the following way2

Type of universe

niverse means what is our field where we have to do survey or market

research and we can say that the total population which are helpful in our

study .6s the survey being done for ?udrapur and gadarpur. Therefore the

people living at ?udrapur and gadarpur are considered the universe of the

study.

Sampling units

The area of ?udrapur and gadarpur and surroundings has been determined as

the sampling unit of the study.

Size of sample

The sample si+e for the study is determined as 13.e have to do our research

in the area of gadarpur and rudrapur . we have to collect the data by different

organi+ations like banks* school * computers centers etc. $y the interaction

with different organi+ation)s people we have to create a lot of data that are

useful for the reseach of new technologies because we have to find out

customer feedback and their expectations from company so that company can

fulfill their expectations and satisfied them.

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#ATA ANALYSIS

>. "o you use Intex Technology =roducts Q

C0 customer uses Interx =roducts.

69

70%

30%

Yes No


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>. hich field use in Intex Technology Q

%ost #ustomers is says #omputer.

70

20%

65%

15%

Computer Mobile Others


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>. hich #ompany)s #omputer you are using Q

H0 customer are use Intex #omputer.

71

40%

15%10%

35%

Intex HC I!M O"H#$


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>. hy you choose Intex Techlology Q

%ost customer use Intex Technology because quality is good and

better.

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>. 6re you satisfy with your Technology Q

4; customer satisfy with Intex Technology.

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>. 6re you satisfy with the other facts of Intex TechnologyQ

/3 customer satisfy with the other features of Intex Technology.

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>. Is your dealer is giving you proper service after salesQ

50 customer are satisfy dealer sales service

75


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>. If problem occurs in your Technology how much time service

centre is taking to solve your problemQ

H0 customer satisfy with the service of their service centre.

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3&n)&n!s an) "ecommen)at&ons

3&n)&n!s

1. #ompany is managing its cash well and spending large amount of funds for

its cash

management system.

3. In spite of having credit of period of H; days average collection period is 11

days. That

means cash discount provided to the customers is helpful to the company for

collecting of

funds.

. #ompany is investing its funds in long term investment which will be

helpful to

company for long further growth.

H. %ajor cash management is done on contract basis by !"F# bank which

includes

maintaining receivable management records through #%&. $ank also

provides factoring

service to the company.

;. #ompany is on growth and there is further scope of future growth.

5. #ompany is not using its cash sources of short term financing sources fromoutside which

reduce carrying cost of cash.

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"ecommen)at&ons@ Su!!est&ons

1. #ompany can review existing service providers for cash management and

other

service providers* making initial presentations and discussions with banks and

providers.

#ompanies can shortlist potential providers for further in9depth discussions

and

presentations. It helps in reducing carrying cost of cash.

3. #ompany can reduce its inventory to maximum extend .&o that there should

be less

blockage of funds in Inventory.

. In order to reduce average collection period company can liberali+e its cash

discount

policy. This will initiate the customers to make early payment and help in

better flow of

funds.

H. #ompany can invest idle funds wisely may help you to generate incomefrom your

working capital* increasing your yields while maintaining liquidity. There are

a wide

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variety of investment instruments available to companies seeking a return on

excess cash.

!owever* there are ways company may be able to improve yields on our idle

working

capital.

;. For better cash management or in order to find minimum cash balance

required for the

company can use control charts with the help of this company will able to

invest its

excess amount of funds in short term securities and can reduce bank charges

charged by

the bank for overdraft purpose.

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-I-LIOG"A+HY

$A&

&hashi A 7upta* ?. k &harma. '3010(* Financial %anagement* 5th Edition.

,ew "elhi2 Aalyani

=ublisher. == 3.193.30

illiam D &tevenson. '3010(* peration %anagement* /th Edition. ,ew "elhi2

Tata %c7raw9!ill

=ublishing #o. == HH59HHC.

Dournals

www.intextechnology.com

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Fuest&onna&re

>. "o you use Intex Technology =roducts Q

Jes ,o

>. hich field use in Intex Technology Q

#omputer %obile thers

>. hich #ompany)s #omputer you are using Q

Intex !#8 I$% T!E?&

>. hy you choose Intex Technology Q

$rand ,ame

>uality

Features

thers

> 6re you satisfy with your Technology Q

Jes ,o

> . 6re you satisfy with the other facts of Intex TechnologyQ

Jes ,o

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> . Is your dealer is giving you proper service after salesQ

Jes ,o

>. If problem occurs in your Technology how much time service

centre is taking to solve your problemQ

19H !ours H94 !ours

$efore 3H !ours 6bove 3H !ours

intex technology

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