INTEX-B & MILAGRO: Airborne observations and satellite validation in 2006

H. B. Singh, W. H. Brune, J. H. Crawford, and D. J. Jacob

(White paper http://cloud1.arc.nasa.gov)

GOAL: To understand the transport, transformation, & impacts of gases & aerosols on air quality & climate from local to global scales

• INTEX-A: Summer 2004 - large biosphere emissions- active photochemistry

• INTEX-B: Spring 2006 - maximum Asian inflow to NA- seasonal contrast

MILAGRO

MCMA-2006

MIRAGE-Mex

MAX-Mex

INTEX-B/1INTEX-B/2 (IMPEX)ITOP

INTEX-B

Partners: NASA, NSF, DOE, DLR, Mex

INTEX-A Plan & Coordination

• Inter-comparisons

• Coordinated Science flights

• Sharing of forecasts & data

• Joint publications

NASA DC-8

NOAA P3

UK BAe146

DLR Falcon

INTEX-B/MILAGRO SCIENTIFIC GOALS

Transport & evolution of Asian pollution to NA and beyond & implications for regional air quality & climate

Extent, persistence, & transformation of of Mexico City pollution plumes

Validation of satellite observations of tropospheric composition

Mapping of anthropogenic and biogenic emissions

Relating atmospheric composition to sources and sinks

Mexico City Pollution & 3-Day Forward Trajectories

March Data for 15 years; 33% over US

7-day Forward Asian Trajectories (past 140W)

344 trajectories ~ 10%

O3 trend of 0.5 ppb/yr One Trajectory per day released from500 meters AGL from 8 Asian cities.April data 15 years

Main INTEX-B Airborne Platforms

NASA DC-8 NSF C-130

DLR FALCONDOE G1

Satellites

Aura

Satellite Platform* Instruments Some key data products Vert. resol. Aura: http://eos-aura.gsfc.nasa.gov/

TES OMI MLS

CO, CH4, O3, HNO3, NO2 O3, NO2, SO2, HCHO H2O, HCN, CO

Trop col./4 kmTrop column UT/LS

Aqua: http://eos-pm.gsfc.nasa. gov/

MODIS AIRS

Aeorosol optical depth CO

Trop column Trop col./4 km

Terra: http://eos-am.gsfc.nasa.gov/

MOPITT MISR MODIS

CO Aeorosol optical depth Aeorosol optical depth

Trop col./4 kmTrop column Trop column

Envisat: http://envisat.esa.int/

SCIAMACHY MIPAS

O3, NO2, CH2O Trace organics

Trop column UT/LS

Calipso: http://www.calipso.larc.nasa.gov/

CALIOP Aeorosol distribution

High resolution

Down period: 25 Mar-10 Apr

-180 -150 -120 -90 -6010

20

30

40

50

60

70

Houston(March 1-24)

Seattle

Anchorage(April 27-May 17)

Boulder

Mexico City

Tampico

UND

12

3

4

DC-8 transits

C-130 transits

21 flights (180 flight hours):UND (3 test flights)Houston (6 local flights)Hawaii (3 local flights)Anchorage (5 local flights)4 transit flights

Nominal C-130 operations

Operations of foreign partners(DLR/Falcon-20)

Japan

EU

DC-8 locals

INTEX-B/MILAGRO Grand Plan for Spring 2006

11

21

16

17

18

19

20

6

78

910

5

Hawaii(April 15-27)

1213

14

15

DC-8 & C-130 Coordination in INTEX-B/Part 1

DC-8 & C-130 Coordination in INTEX-B/Part 2

ANCH

HI

ST

ICATS

DACOM/DLHSAFS

DCALS

PANAK

TD-LIF

GTCIMSAerosols

NO, NO2 NO2SO2, HNO4

PeroxidesHCHO Actinic

fluxO3CO2H2O

HCHOSAFS

DC-8 INTEX-B PayloadHOx, NO

ATHOSNO

Mission Mgr. ConsolePAN/OVOC

Strat O3LidarUH/LIA

AROTALGT-LIFNavigation

UNHDIALFASTOZ

MACDONNAPDS

POPHNO3. Aero.Comp.

Trop O3/AerosolLidar

UCICO/CH4H2O

NMHCHalocarbons

EQUIPMENT RACK LASER SYSTEM

PROBE

Forecast Products

GEOS-Chem

MET dataTrajectoriesConvective influences

AIRS COMOPITT COMODIS Aerosol

GEOS-Chem (Harvard)MOZART (NCAR)RAQMS (Langley)STEM/CFORS (U. Iowa)

INTEX-A DC-8 Satellite Validations(MOPITT, MISR, AIRS, SCIAMACHY)

COHCHONO2SO2H2OHCN O3AerosolOrganics

7 6

5

24

1

3

25

30

35

40

45

50

55

-100 -90 -80 -70 -60 -50 -40 -30DC-8 F light Path Aqua (1200 and 1340 LT)

A IRS-sw ath Terra (1020 and 1200 LT) M O P ITT-sw athSCIAM A CH Y (1110 LT) Rhinelander L idar S ites

1-Scia; 2-AIRS, 3-RB

1 2

3

Terra Aqua Envisat

Profiles:- to 11 km- cloud free- 15 mi spiral- 1 hr window

10 10 4<

1500 ft/min

1000 ft/min

O3 and Reactive Nitrogen vs models

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120

LAT = 30-50; LONG = 260-320

INTEX-A (DATA)

MOZART

GEOS-CHEM

STEM

ALT

ITU

DE,

km

O3, ppb

0 500 1000 1500 2000

LAT = 30-50; LONG = 260-320

NOx, ppt

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

0 200 400 600 800 1000

ALT

ITU

DE,

km

PAN, ppt

0 500 1000 1500

HNO3, ppt

Formaldehyde and isoprene

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000

LAT = 30-50; LONG = 260-320

INTEX-A (DATA)MOZARTGEOS-CHEMSTEM

ALT

ITU

DE,

km

CH2O, ppt

DC-8/SCIAMACHY Trop Column NO2

7/31 7/12 7/15 7/10

Uniform butlow column

High variability

Heckel et al.

Carbon Cycle in INTEX-A

FTS-CO2 column

NASA DC-8 spiral 0.5-33 KftNSF King Air 0.5-25 Kft

CO2Draw down≈ 3%

440 m Tower

Park Falls, WI [46N, 90W]

S. Vay et al

What we need from the Aura team?

• Satellite tracks and instrument swaths to be integrated with INTEX-B forecasts

• Definition of priorities- Aura instruments?- along track vs column?- timed profiles? - strat/trop balance?- day/night?- other satellites?

• Accommodation of requests from the INTEX-B team (TES step & stare?)

Falcon Payload

(0.1-13 km)

Nitrogen: NO, HNO3, NOy (DLR)Carbon: CO, CO2, CH4 (MPI-C)Oxidants: O3 (DLR), RO2 (Uni Bremen)Sulphur: SO2, H2SO4 (MPI-K) Black carbon (DLR)Aerosol size (0.004 - 20 µm) (DLR)Aerosol volatility (DLR)Chemical analysis of filter samples (Uni Munich)

DC-8/MOPITT, AIRS Trop CO

AIRS

Emmons/McMillan/Sachse et al

C-130 LAYOUT FOR MIRAGE

Seat

CIM

S

Per-oxides

SAFS

CH2O

(2G-VRacks)

PTRMS

SO2Buseck

Clarke1

SPIIPASSCCN

PILS

PANs

AMS2

G-V

NO, NO2, NOyO3

WAS

FastGCMS

Seat

SeatSeat

Seat

Seat

Seat

Seat

Seat

Seat

Seat

RAF

PANs analyzer,might be in rack, decision mid-October

Autonomous instruments: NO, NOy, O3CO, CO2PANsPILSWASSAFSSO2

B-Seat

B-Seat

SABL

CO CO2

Needed: CN from RAF?

Add’l:pump for SPII,CCN, PASS, floor mounted ?AMS pump, floor mounted or under bench seats ??

Clarke2

TDMA/HTDMA